2022屆中職高考英語二輪復習語法專題4：特殊句式講義

2021-2022中職高考英語二輪復習語法專題4：特殊句式（解析版）中職高考中對于特殊句式的考察主要包括感嘆句、祈使句、反義疑問句、強調句、倒裝句、省略句、主謂一致等。感嘆句感嘆句常表示說話時的驚訝、喜悅、氣憤等情緒.感嘆句常有以下幾種情形：一、基本構成形式1．what式感嘆句(1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如：Whatawonderfultimewehadyesterday!昨天我們玩得多開心呀!(2)What+形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多美的花兒啊!(3)What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如：Whatfineweatheritis!多好的天氣啊!2．how式感嘆句(1)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!如：Howcleversheis!她多么聰明呀!(2)How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如：Howstrangeafeelingitwas!多么奇怪的一種感情啊!例題：1.____________rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting解析：D可以先轉化成陳述句“Sheplayedaninterestingroleinthefilm.”,aninterestingrole前置，所以用what來引導感嘆句。祈使句祈使句用來表達說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等.謂語動詞用動詞原形.其主語是you，往往省略.常見的祈使句句型如下：一、肯定式1．動詞原形….如：Laydownyourarms!放下武器!2．Do+動詞原形…(此句型表示強調).如：Dotellheraboutit．務必將此事告訴她.3．主語+動詞原形….如：Tom,yougoandseewhat’shappening．湯姆，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了.二、否定式Don’t或Never+動詞原形．．．.如：Nevergooutaloneatnight!不要在夜晚單獨出去！三、特殊句式祈使句+and/or+陳述句(and表示順承關系，or表示轉折關系).如：①Useyourhead,andyou’11findagoodway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.)動動腦筋，你會找到一種好辦法的.②Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.(=Ifwedon’thurryup,we’llbelate.)快點，不然我們就遲到了.Tips:祈使句很簡單，動詞原形來開頭；加上don't或never否定形式成；例題：1._____________onthetelevisionor______________amagazine,andthenyouwilloftenseealotofadvertisements.A.Turning;openB.Turn;openingC.Turn;openD.Turning;opening解析：C祈使句，動詞原形開頭。反義疑問句一、基本結構如陳述部分為肯定形式，簡短問句為否定形式；如陳述部分為否定形式，簡短問句為肯定形式.如：Itisafineday,isn’tit?今天是個好天氣，不是嗎?1.祈使句的反意疑問句祈使句后面的附加問句不表示反意，而表示一種語氣.其結構為1）肯定的祈使句，+willyou/won’tyou2）否定的祈使句，+willyou如：Havealittlemorecoffee．willyou/won’tyou?再來點咖啡，好嗎?含有l(wèi)et的祈使句(1)Let’s...,+shallwe?(表示建議)(2)Letus...,+willyou?(表示請求)(3)Let+第三人稱...,+willyou?如：Let'sgooutforawalk,shallwe?我們出去散步，好嗎?Letusgohomenow,willyou?現(xiàn)在，（您）讓我們回家，好嗎？2.陳述部分如含有否定詞或半否定詞的反意疑問句陳述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing…”等否定詞或半否定詞時，這部分應視為否定形式，簡短問句就用肯定形式.如：Hewashardlytwelvethen,washe?他當時幾乎不到十二歲，是嗎?3.陳述部分含有帶”否定”前綴的詞的反意疑問句陳述部分含有帶”否定”前綴的詞，則這部分應看作肯定形式，簡短問句就用否定形式.如：Shedislikesthewayyouwork,doesn’tshe?她不喜歡你的工作方式，對嗎?當主語為anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody時，疑問部分的主語用they;主語為something,everything,anything,nothing時，疑問部分的主語用it。例題：1.Showcheerfulnessevenwhenyoudon’tfeelit,______________?A.willyouB.doyouC.mayyouD.can’tyou解析：A.考查反意疑問句.反意疑問句要與主句的主語保持一致，而本句的主句是祈使句，所以用“willyou”.句中的“evenwhenyoudon’tfeelit”是時間狀語從句.2.Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom,______________?A.willyouB.canyouC.doyouD.areyouOK解析：A，考查反意疑問句.反意疑問句要與主句的主語保持一致，而本句的主句是祈使句，所以用“willyou”.強調句強調句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式.一、強調句句型1、陳述句的強調句型：Itis/was+被強調部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當強調主語且主語只指人）+其它部分.如： ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.2.一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面.如： WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?3.特殊疑問句的強調句型被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？如： Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?4.強調句例句：針對ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子進行強調. 強調主語：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday. 強調賓語：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday. 強調地點狀語：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday. 強調時間狀語：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.Notice:構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that,who，在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that,who不可省略；強調句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時.原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用Itwas…，其余的時態(tài)用Itis….二、not…until…句型的強調句1.句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調部分+that+其它部分.如： 普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback. 強調句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2.注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是強調句型，till,until可通用；因為句型中Itis/wasnot…已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了.三、謂語動詞的強調 Itis/was…that…結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do/does或did.如： Dositdown.務必請坐. Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他確實給你寫了信. Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心啊！Notice:此種強調只用do/does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時用did，后面的謂語動詞用原形.例題：1.—_________hemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.Wherewasitthat

B.WhatwasitthatC.Howwasitthat

D.Whywasitthat解析：C，他是如何設法得到信息的，問的是方式方法，用How引導，特殊疑問句的強調句型。2.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellitetoorbitaroundtheplanet?A.it;thatB.it;whenC.itfor;thatittakesD.it;thatittakes解析：D改成陳述句“Ittakestheman-madesatellite48hourstoorbitaroundtheplanet”此處強調48hours倒裝句完全倒裝完全倒裝是把全部謂語放在主語之前.Therebe/seem/appear/come/lie/live/stand+主語Here/There/Out/In/Up/Down等+謂語（不及物動詞）+主語（名詞）地點狀語（位于句首）+謂語（不及物動詞）+主語（名詞）Notice:注意完全倒裝,主語必須是名詞.如是代詞,則不倒裝.部分倒裝“only＋副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”開頭的句子.如:OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.直到那時我才意識到英語的重要性.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.只有通過這種方式你學英語才會取得進步.Notice:(1)在only＋狀語從句＋主句結構中,主句用倒裝結構但從句用正常語序.(2)only修飾主語,不倒裝.如:OnlyTomknowstheanswer.只有湯姆知道答案.例題： Onlyinthisway________tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.

A.youcanhope B.youdidhope

C.canyouhope D.didyouhope解析：C部分倒裝2.否定詞（短語）開頭的句子要用部分倒裝.表示否定的副詞never,nor,neither,表示半否定意義的副詞hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的詞組bynomeans（決不）,innotime（很快）,atnotime（在任何時候都不）,（在任何情況下都不）notuntil,notonly...butalso,nosooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...when.即“否定詞＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語＋其他”.如:NeverhaveIbeeninthiscity.我從沒到過這座城市.Little/SeldomdoIwatchTV.我很少看電視.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我參加了工作我才意識到我浪費了多少時間.Notice:(1)關聯(lián)詞的搭配.(2)前一分句倒裝,后一分句不倒裝.例題：IfinallygottheworkIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife________sohappy!

A.didIfeel B.Ifelt C.Ihadfelt D.hadIfelt解析：D，never表示否定意義的副詞置于句首，部分倒裝，該句時態(tài)過去完成時，表示過去的過去。2.NotuntilIbegantowork________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealize C.Ididn'trealize D.Irealized解析：B，notuntil置于句首，部分倒裝。3.以so開頭,用“so＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語”表示前面敘述的情況也適合于另一個人或物,意為“也,同樣,也如此”.表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個人或物,用“neither/nor＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語”.Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社會變了,人也變了.Notice:(1)當so表示對前句內容的肯定、符合,或進一步強調前面所說的情況,或者贊同前面的說法時,應用自然語序.意為“的確,正是”.—Tomworkshard.湯姆工作很賣力.—Sohedoesandsodoyou.的確如此,你也是.(2)倒裝部分的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞的時態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致.Ifyoudon’tgo,neither/norshallI.（Ifyoudon’tgo,Ishallnotgo.）你不去,我也不去.Notice:表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及到不同類型的動詞時可用：Itisthesamewithsth./sb.或Soitiswithsth./sb.句型.ShedoeswellinEnglish,butispoorinmath.SoitiswithLucy.她英語學得好,但數(shù)學學的差,露茜也是如此.例題：-Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther. -________,let'sstophereforarest.

A.NeitherandI B.NeithercanI C.Idon'tthinkso D.Ithinkso解析：B表示我也不會，部分倒裝。4. 在so...that從句中,如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首,其主句要倒裝. Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryonecouldhearhim. 他講話聲音足夠大,以至于每個人都能聽得見. 例題： Sodifficult________ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIwasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.

A.I'vefelt B.haveIfelt C.Ididfeel D.didIfeel解析：D5.如果虛擬條件句的謂語含有were,should,were可以把if省略而將這三個詞放于條件句主語前構成倒裝.Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.＝Hadn’titbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.要不是由于他們的幫助,我們不可能按時完成那項工作.例題： ________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.

A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will解析：B省略句省略是為了使句子更簡潔，同時又不影響句子意義的表達.因此，省略的部分常?？梢詮木渥咏Y構本身或句子所處的語境中可以明確領會其成分，我們主要來看一下省略在句子中的運用.一．

并列句中的省略并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重復.通常被省略的可以是主語、謂語、謂語動詞、賓語或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分.省略出現(xiàn)在后一分句.如：

Johnlikescollectingstampsbut(John)hateslisteningtomusic.約翰喜歡集郵但不喜歡聽音樂.（省略主語）

Notice:為了避免重復，不定式可以省去與句子前面重復的動詞原形，但不定式符號to必須保留.

—Willyoujoininthegame?你愿意參加這項活動嗎？

—I'dbegladto(joininthegame).我很樂意參加.省略出現(xiàn)在前一分句.如：

Wecan(wintomorrow'smatch),andcertainlywill,wintomorrow'smatch.我們能夠，而且一定會在明天的比賽中獲勝.（前一分句省略謂語+賓語）

3．前后兩個分句都出現(xiàn)省略.如：

Theycan(paythefullfee)and(they)shouldpaythefullfee.他們能夠也應該支付全部費用.二．復合句中的省略

在主從復合句中，省略的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的.1．省略主句的句首部分.如：

(Isthere)Nothingmoreyouwanttosay你沒什么要補充嗎？2．省略整個主句或主句的一部分（回答問題時常用）.如：

—Willyougoabroadsoon你很快要出國嗎？

—

(I'll)Not(goabroad)untilIgraduatefromthecollegenextsummer.要到明年夏天大學畢業(yè)后才走.在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞是be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是it，常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和be省略掉.

1)以when,while,once,until等連詞引導的時間狀語從句

When(youare)inRomedoasRomedoes.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗.

Notice:由連詞before和after引導的時間狀語從句，如省略了主語和be之后，before和after就成了介詞.

Theoldmachinemustbecheckedbeforebeingused.這臺舊機器在使用前必須檢查.

以asif,asthough等連詞引導的方式狀語從句

Shelaythere,asif(shewas)dead.她躺在那兒，好像死了.（省略的主語和主句的主語一致）

3）以if,unless等連詞引導的條件狀語從句

Weshallstartateight,if(itis)convenient.如果方便的話，我們八點鐘出發(fā).

4）以evenif,eventhough,though,although,whether等連詞引導的讓步狀語從句

Though(heis)young,heknowsalot.他雖然年輕但懂得很多.

Tips:在這類從句中，如果be是助動詞，后面跟著現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，只要主語和從句中的主語相同，也可以把從句中的主語和助動詞be省略掉.

Hehurthislegwhile(hewas)ridingahorse.他在騎馬時傷了腿.

例題：1.Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthan_______. A.oursB.thoseofoursC.ithadforoursD.itdidforus2.—Heprobablywillgiveyouaride.—Really,_______Idon’tneedtobuyaticket.A.ifnecessary B.ifsoC.ifthatD.fortunately解析：DB主謂一致①and連接同一個人、同一事物、同一概念時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：Thewriterandworkerisintheroom.②動名詞、不定式和從句作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。如：Educatinggirlsisveryimportant.③度量衡、國家、報刊、組織、書等后的謂語用單數(shù)。如：5，000dollarsisalargesumofmoney.④allof.../mostof.../someof.../halfof.../partof.../therestof.../百分數(shù)/分數(shù)詞/……后的謂語用單數(shù)或復數(shù)取決于所修飾的名詞。如：Allofthebookshavebeensoldout.Allofthemoneyhasbeenlent.⑤team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集體名詞作主語時，需根據(jù)其所表示的意思來確定謂語的單復數(shù)形式。如：Thefamilyismadeupoffivemembers.ThefamilyarewatchingTV.⑥“therich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/...(表示“一類人”)＋復數(shù)謂語”“thenew/old/beautiful/unexplained/...(表示“抽象概念”)＋單數(shù)謂語”。如：Theoldareeasilytakenin.⑦以manya＋n.，morethanone＋n.，each/every/no＋n.(＋each/every/no＋n.)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.Eachgirlandeachboyhasabook.⑧“Anumberof...＋復數(shù)謂語”“Thenumberof...＋單數(shù)謂語”。如：Anumberofstudentsarefondofthebook.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.⑨“Quantitiesof＋單數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞＋復數(shù)謂語”“Aquantityof＋單數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語”“Aquantityof＋復數(shù)名詞＋復數(shù)謂語”。如：Largequantitiesofwaterarebadlypolluted.Alargequantityofwaterisbadlypolluted.=10\*GB3⑩就近原則(either...or...，notonly...butalso，not...but，neither...nor...，therebe)；就遠原則(with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，suchas/like，ratherthan，besides，including，but，except)。如：NotIbutTomandJackareright.NobodybutTomandJackisright.〖鞏固練習〗1. Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely，________， reaching30° C.insummer. A.ifnot B.ifever C.ifany D.ifso2. It'snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo________makeslifehappy. A.that B.which C.what D.who3. Theidea“happiness”，________，willnotsitstillforeasydefinition. A.toberigid B.tobesure C.tobeperfect D.tobefair4. —IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay，________you? A.mustn't B.haven't C.didn't D.hadn't5. ________carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthe lab. A.Observe B.Toobserve C.Observed D.Observing6. Generally,students'innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers ________essentialtotheirdevelopment. A.is B.are C.was D.were7. “Neverforasecond，”theboysays，“________thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.” A.Idoubted B.doIdoubt C.Ihavedoubted D.didIdoubt8. Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8，450 ayear，which________aburdenforsomeofthem. A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.is;is9. Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers________Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete. A.when B.that C.which D.what10. Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic________ZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica. A.when B.that C.after D.since【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.A7.D8.A9.B10.B〖強化提升〗1. Nosooner________atthedeskthanthetelephonerang. A.hadhesatdown B.hesatdown C.hehadsatdown D.didhesitdown2. NobodybutJackandJane________greatprogressintheclassrecently. A.havemade B.hasmade C.hadmade D.made3. A.surveyoftheopinionsofexperts________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexercisea week________goodforone'shealth. A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are4. Thewomencarryingbabies，comeinfirst，________？ A.willyou B.willthey C.doyou D.don'tyou5. Sodifficult________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice. A.Ididfind B.didIfind C.Ihavefound D.haveIfound6. —Theplaceisn'ttoobad，isit?—No，________itisabittoocrowded. A.but B.for C.and D.as7. ________yougetintouniversityinthefuture，youwouldhavetogoandtakethechance. A.Will B.Should C.Would D.Could8. Wasitnotuntil________outofnaturalresourcesthattheybegantopushforotherones? A.peoplehadrun B.hadpeoplerun C.didpeoplerun D.peoplehadbeen9. Whenyou'vefinishedwiththatbook，don'tforgettoputitbackontheshelf，________？ A.doyou B.don'tyou C.willyou D.won'tyou10. Thestudentshavebeentoldthatundernocondition________themobilephoneinclass. A.maytheyuse B.theymayuse C.theycoulduse D.wouldtheyuse11. Wasitfromthelake________heoftenwentfishing________hesavedthedrowninggirl? A.that；that B.where；where C.where；that D.that；where12. Johnsonknowsmuchaboutthemovie.Ithinkhemusthaveseenit，________？ A.doesn'the B.hasn'the C.don'tI D.didn'the13. —Sohard________inthepastfewmonthsthathehasmadegreatprogressinEnglish. —Icanseethat，onlyafewmistakes________inthisexam. A.hasheworked；didhemake B.hehasworked；hemade C.hehasworked；hashemade D.hasheworked；hemade14. —Youmusthavemethimtheotherday，I'mquitesure. —Oh，no，I________. A.didn't B.haven't C.hadn't D.mustn't15. —Motherhasn'tcomebackyet. —Well，sheought________. A.to B.tobe C.todo D.tohave16. —IhearthatBaiSancan'taffordhisschoolingthisfall. —________，let'sdosomethingforhim. A.Ifso B.Whenpossible C.Whennecessary D.Whatashame17. —DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday? —AsIknow，hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashe________. A.writes B.doeswriting C.iswriting D.doeswrite18. Becarefulwithsuchthings.Ifyou________，you'lldropthem. A.don't B.aren't C.do D.won't19. —It'sagessinceIlastsawyou.Ididn'trecognizeyouatfirst. —I________，either，ifsomeonehadn'tcalledyoubyname. A.didn't B.hadn'thad C.wouldn'thave D.wouldn't20. —Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall，arethey? —________. A.Iguessnotso B.Idon'tguess C.Idon'tguess