考研考博-英語-寧夏藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Duringthepastyearsthe（）ofautomobilesaccidentsinNewYorkCityhasdecreased.

問題1選項

A.degree

B.quantity

C.number

D.amount

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。quantity可以形容可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，作為數(shù)量通常為抽象的概念；number用于形容可數(shù)名詞，表示"數(shù)"；amount用于形容不可數(shù)名詞，表示"量"。選項C用在此處最恰當(dāng)。句意：在過去幾年里，紐約的汽車事故數(shù)量減少了。

2.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運輸?？崭裉幍馁e語是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項符合句意。

3.單選題

Itwasa

verydifficultexamination,（）he

passeditwithdistinction.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.moreover

C.nevertheless

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】句意：雖然考試很難,但他以優(yōu)異的成績通過了考試。此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,只有nevertheless有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義。

4.單選題

Johnis（）hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

問題1選項

A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.noso

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項noless“不亞于，不比……少”；B選項nomore“不再”；C選項notless“至少”；D選項noso“沒有，不那么”。句意：約翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是卻沒有通過考試。本句表示約翰的努力不亞于他的姐姐。因此A選項正確

5.單選題

Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.

問題1選項

A.sucking

B.lapping

C.Gulping

D.sipping

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項sucking“吸，吮吸”；B選項lapping“舔，折疊”；C選項“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D選項sipping“啜飲”。句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽煙。Swigging“大口喝，痛飲，暢飲”，D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Whateverthecauses,theEnglishbytheendoftheyear2050willhavebeenmorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage______.

問題1選項

A.everwas

B.hadeverbeen

C.wouldeverbe

D.haseverbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英語的使用和書寫將比現(xiàn)在任何其他語言都要廣泛。willhavebeen是將來完成時，此句表示英語在未來會比到目前為止在用的任何一門語言都應(yīng)用廣泛，形容其他語言的動詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，D選項haseverbeen符合題意。A選項everwas是一般過去時，B選項hadeverbeen是過去完成時，C選項wouldeverbe是過去將來時，不符合語境。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Thewaterswererisingabouttherockandwouldsoon（

）it.

問題1選項

A.flood

B.submerge

C.underrate

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。flood意為“淹沒，泛濫”，指淹沒大片區(qū)域；submerge意為“浸沒，淹沒”，指淹沒某個物體；underrate意為“過低評價，低估”；yield意為“屈服，投降”。

句意：水在巖石周圍上升，很快就會淹沒它。

8.單選題

Hisfriendlinessandhelpfulnessare（）thatmakeeveryonelikeshim.

問題1選項

A.principled

B.attributes

C.functions

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的友好和樂于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜歡他。A選項為“有原則的，有操守的”；B選項為“歸因，屬性”；C選項為“起作用”；D選項為“養(yǎng)生法養(yǎng)生之道”。根據(jù)原句語義邏輯可知，C項與friendliness和helpfulness搭配更恰當(dāng)，更符合句意。

9.翻譯題

1.Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmostseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.

2.ItissaidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromtheinhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.

3.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfrombottomtothetop,andsoon,aswellassuchdetailsaseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesinthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.

4.Itislikelythatthedisputeregardingflatsversus(對，對抗)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.

5.Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumptionthateveryoneprefersanindividualhomeandgarden.Theyalsoignorethehighercostofprovidingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystowork.

【答案】1.英國幾乎比世界上其他任何國家都更加需要嚴(yán)肅對待建筑物向高空發(fā)展的問題，也就是說，要在很高的公寓樓里面容納下人口總數(shù)的一大部分的問題。

2.據(jù)說英國人反對這種居住方式，但是倘若情況如此的話，那么英國人確實不同于今天世界上大多數(shù)國家的居民。

3.過去，我們的住宅小區(qū)和低收入人群相聯(lián)系，它們?nèi)狈σ恍┍仨氃O(shè)施，比如中央供暖設(shè)備、穩(wěn)定的熱水供應(yīng)、貫通上下的電梯等等。還有一些細(xì)節(jié)之處，如灰塵和垃圾的簡單處理設(shè)施，一樓的嬰兒車存放處，樓頂?shù)膬和螛穲?，以及衣服的晾曬場地?/p>

4.就英國而言，關(guān)于公寓與私人住宅的爭論很可能會持續(xù)很長一段時間。

5.那些反對建公寓的人所根據(jù)的主要理由是，他們認(rèn)為每個人都想擁有單獨的住宅和花園。他們還忽視了為分散的社區(qū)提供全面服務(wù)的較高成本，以及上班路上的金錢和時間成本。

10.單選題

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

問題1選項

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我這種藥可以治愈我的頭痛而不傷害我。選項A，C，D均表示治療。heal多指創(chuàng)傷，外傷愈合；cure多指病后恢復(fù)健康；treat多指對傷口或者病情進行診斷，強調(diào)過程。所以選項C符合語境。

11.單選題

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

問題1選項

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就臉紅。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…時,一提起。

12.單選題

Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto（）whatcouldhavehappened.

問題1選項

A.rehearse

B.reiterate

C.reinforce

D.reenact

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。rehearse“排練”；reiterate“重申”；reinforce“增強”；reenact“重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他們倆都注視著犯罪現(xiàn)場技術(shù)人員對各種纖維取樣、裝袋、去除灰塵、提取指紋、拍照，并且試圖重現(xiàn)當(dāng)時發(fā)生的事情。選項D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

吳歌是中國吳語地區(qū)民歌民謠的總稱。吳語地區(qū)包括江蘇南部、浙江北部和上海市，大致是指長江下游的三角洲地區(qū)。這里是同一種方言的文化圈，同屬傳統(tǒng)吳文化范疇?！皡恰钡母拍铍S著歷代區(qū)域劃分而有所變化，如早期的“吳”指的是吳國領(lǐng)域，后來在曾包括現(xiàn)在的南京和揚州等地，現(xiàn)在所說的“吳”是地域和方言區(qū)劃的概念。蘇州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享譽古今中外的歷史文化名稱，歷史上采集吳歌，也以它為中心，在中國文學(xué)史上占有一定地位。

【答案】WuSongisthegeneralnametitleoffolksonginWulanguageareaofChina.WulanguageareaincludessouthernJiangsu,NorthernZhejiangandShanghai,referringtothedeltaareaofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.ThisisaculturalcircleofthesamedialectbelongingtotraditionalculturalofWuareas.Theconceptof“Wu”haschangedwiththehistoricalregionaldivision,forexample,“Wu”inearlytimereferstoWuarea,lateritincludedsomepresentplaces,suchasNanjingandYangzhou.“Wu”conrrentlyisaconceptofdivisionofregionanddialect.Suzhouexactlyisinthecenterofit,whichisahistoricalculturaltitlefamedas“paradise”.ItwasalsothecenterofWuSongcollectionandoccupieditspositioninthehistoryofliterature.

14.單選題

Youcanalwaysuse（）glassifyouneedtoblockastreetview.

問題1選項

A.convertible

B.decorous

C.opaque

D.salient

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項convertible“可改變的；可轉(zhuǎn)換的；可兌換的”；B選項decorous“禮貌得體的”；C選項opaque“（玻璃、液體等）不透明的，不透光的，渾濁的”；D選項salient“顯著的；最重要的”。句意：如果你需要遮擋街景，可以使用（）玻璃。opaque“（玻璃）不透明的，不透光的”，glass（玻璃）可以遮擋光，符合語境。因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars'highincome?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,onewhodreamsofbeingastarshouldbeawarethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Approval

B.Disapproved.

C.ronical

D.Indifferent.

問題2選項

A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetopofthePops

B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars

C.successfulpopstarsgivegreatentertainment

D.popsstarsusuallytrytoavoidpayingtax

問題3選項

A.Popstarsgethigh-incomerepaymentbutaretaxedless.

B.Greatcontributionmadebypopstarsislimitedtoentertainmentindustry.

C.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.

D.Popstarsshouldn'tenjoythelifeofroyalty.

問題4選項

A.firstheshouldlookforasteadyjobwithapension

B.atlastmanypeoplecanclimbtotheverytop

C.greateffortswillsurelyberewardedwithcompletesuccess

D.theessenceofprivateenterpriseishugerisksprobablybringinghighrewards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由最后一段“Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.但他也知道，成功的回報確實很高；這是對所涉及的巨大風(fēng)險的補償，如果他實現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo)，這些回報也是應(yīng)得的?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)同這種觀點即高風(fēng)險與高回報是并存的。答案A

第2題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePop’isfierce…‘流行音樂之巔’的競爭非常激烈”，可知A項正確，答案A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應(yīng)該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角?！笨芍狢項正確，答案C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章末尾“Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.他知道多年的集中努力可能會得到完全的回報。但他也知道，成功的回報確實很高；這是對所涉及的巨大風(fēng)險的補償，如果他實現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo)，他肯定是應(yīng)得的。這就是個人事業(yè)的本質(zhì)?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為個人事業(yè)的高風(fēng)險和高回報并存，這是夢想成為明星的人該注意的地方。故D項正確。

16.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Populationexplosion.

B.Extinctionofrarespecies.

C.Chronichunger.

D.Environmentaldeterioration.

問題2選項

A.Abouthalfofthemareunintended.

B.Theycontributetooverpopulation.

C.Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.

D.Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.

問題3選項

A.Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.

B.Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.

C.Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.

D.Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Whyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege?You’llbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillfaceproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhat’sreallybehindthearguments.

Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation.Solet’sstartwithafewproblems.[23]Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydon’thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydon’thavesecurewatersuppliestodrink.

Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcan’treadthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirdsofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomenandabout200to215millionwomendon’thaveaccesstobirthcontroltheywant,sothattheycancontroltheirownfertility.Thisisnotonlyaproblemindevelopingcountries.[24]Abouthalfofallpregnanciesgloballyareunintended.Sothoseareexamplesofpopulationproblems.

Demographygivesyouthetoolstounderstandandtoaddresstheseproblems.It’snotonlythestudyofhumanpopulation,butthepopulationsofnon-humanspecies,includingviruseslikeinfluenza,thebacteriainyourgut,plantsthatyoueat,animalsthatyouenjoyorthatprovideyouwithmeat.Demographyalsoincludesthestudyofnon-livingobjectslikelightbulbsandtaxicabs,andbuildingsbecausethesearealsopopulations.Itstudiesthesepopulations,inthepast,presentandfuture,usingquantitativedataandmathematicalmodelsastoolsofanalysis.

Iseedemographyasacentralsubjectrelatedtoeconomics.Itisthemeanstointervenemorewiselyandmoreeffectivelyintherealworld,[25]toimprovethewellbeing,notonlyofyourself—importantasthatmaybe—butofpeoplearoundyouandofotherspecieswithwhomwesharetheplanet.

23.Whatisoneoftheproblemsthespeakermentionsinhistalk?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者在他的講話中提到的問題之一是什么？錄音中段提到，說話人首先要向聽眾介紹幾個人口問題，這些問題分別是：長期饑餓、貧困、文盲、婦女節(jié)育和意外懷孕的問題。四個選項中，只有C選項“長期饑餓”正確。A選項“人口爆炸”；B選項“稀有物種的滅絕”和D選項“環(huán)境惡化”錄音中均沒有信息涉及，因此可排除。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpregnancies?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于懷孕，說話者說了什么？錄音中提及，全球意外懷孕的比率將近一半。A選項“其中大約有一半是無意中懷孕的”是錄音原文原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。B選項“造成了人口過剩”；C選項“生育已得到了控制”和D選項“大部分在孕期中都容易流產(chǎn)”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

25.Howdoesthespeakerviewthestudyofpopulations?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者如何看待人口研究？講話人在最后表明，他認(rèn)為人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)是經(jīng)濟學(xué)的一個中心議題；是在現(xiàn)實世界中更明智、更有效的干預(yù)手段；能改善人類的福祉，這不僅關(guān)乎我們自身，也關(guān)乎我們周圍的人，以及與我們共享這個星球的其他物種。D選項“這對地球上所有物種的福祉至關(guān)重要”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“它開始吸引研究生的注意”；B選項“許多發(fā)展中國家都忽視了它”和C選項“它正在成為跨學(xué)科研究的主題”，錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

17.單選題

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

問題1選項

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

問題2選項

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

問題3選項

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

問題4選項

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

問題5選項

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前),以及后面說到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60歲時，在他（約翰?斯坦貝克）自己得到該獎項（即諾貝爾文學(xué)獎）后),由此可知D項“1962年”正確。

2.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)約翰?斯坦貝克在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為他在很早以前己經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了。由此可知B項“在獲得諾貝爾獎之前”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前，只有五位美國人先前受到過如此殊榮，這五位在時間上最近的是1954年的歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威（美國作家）和1949年的威廉??？思{（美國小說家）),由此可知1949年以前獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的美國人有三位。

4.判斷推理題。"doesso”出現(xiàn)在第二段,其所在句是順承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(約翰?斯坦貝克給一位朋友寫信稱，如果他不相信自己將繼續(xù)寫出好作品和能免受指責(zé)（諾貝爾獎得主在得獎后很少寫出有價值的任何東西）的話，那么他將不會接受諾貝爾獎),由此可知C項“獲得諾貝爾獎后寫出好作品”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要這位作者（即約翰?斯坦貝克）在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為約翰?斯坦貝克在很早以前已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了)。由此可知D項“約翰?斯坦貝克在1962年前已經(jīng)非常出名”正確。

18.單選題

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（棲息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼澤地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（實施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

問題1選項

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

問題2選項

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

問題3選項

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

問題4選項

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

問題5選項

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知滅絕速度加快的原因是人類人口的增長和科學(xué)技術(shù)對自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的侵犯。選項C符合題意。

2.語義題。根據(jù)第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知環(huán)境變成了碎片，剩下的動物聚集在更小的區(qū)域里，下文的smallislands就是指這些區(qū)域。根據(jù)“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在這個小區(qū)域里的物種與其他同類中種群失去了聯(lián)系。所以是孤立的。選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？疾閷ξ锓N滅絕的原因的理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物種滅絕是進化中的一個正常過程，選項A可排除。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，棲息地的破壞也是物種滅絕的原因，選項D可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商業(yè)買賣和殺害也是原因，選項C可排除。選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效發(fā)揮作用的關(guān)鍵在于人們和法院的實施和支持，所以相關(guān)法律需要在人們的支持下制定和實施是最重要的。選項C符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubti