考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attributed歸因于，歸功于B.conducted實(shí)施，執(zhí)行

C.devoted獻(xiàn)身，致力D.contributed貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas（他對城市地區(qū)的興趣）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示格萊澤怎么樣這份興趣，空格處還需要能夠和下文的to進(jìn)行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到（liveduntil）17歲上大學(xué)”可知，因?yàn)樗那嗄陼r(shí)代一直都生活在紐約這樣的大城市，所以他會(huì)對城市地區(qū)感興趣，換言之，他對城市地區(qū)有興趣的原因是在紐約生活的經(jīng)歷。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于……”，指認(rèn)為某事物是另一事物的結(jié)果，因此A選項(xiàng)attributed“歸因于，歸功于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)conducted“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”指組織或進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)，不能和“interest（興趣）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)devoted“獻(xiàn)身，致力”，devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分時(shí)間、精力等投入到某人或某物中，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)contributed“貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)”，contributesth.tosth.指贈(zèng)予錢或物品以幫助某人，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】格萊澤將他對城市地區(qū)的興趣直接歸功于他在紐約的青年時(shí)代，他在那里一直生活到17歲上大學(xué)。

2.名詞解釋

(1)Itisusefultorememberthathistoryistothenationasmemoryistotheindividual.Aspersonsdeprivedofmemorybecomedisorientedandlost,notknowingwheretheyhavebeenandwheretheyaregoing,soanationdeniedaconceptionofthepastwillbedisabledindealingwithitspresentanditsfuture.

Historyisthebestantidotetodelusionsofomnipotenceandomniscience.(2)Selfknowledgeistheindispensablepreludetoself-control,forthenationaswellasforindividual.Historyshouldforeverremindusofthelimitsofourpassingperspectives.Itshouldstrengthenustoresistthepressuretoconvertmomentaryimpulsesintomoralabsolutes.Itshouldleadustorecognitionofthefact,sooftenandsosadlydisplayed,thatthefutureoutwitsallourcertitudesandthatthepossibilitiesofthefuturearemorevariousthanthehumanintellectisdesignedtoconceive.

(3)Anationinformedbyavividunderstandingoftheironiesofhistoryisbestequippedtomanagethetragictemptationsofmilitarypower.Letusnotbullyourwaythroughlife,butletasensitivitytohistorytemperandcivilizeouruseofpower.Inthemeantime,letathousandhistoricalflowersbloom.(4)Historyisneveraclosedbookorafinalverdict.Itisforeverintheinterestsofanideology,areligion,arace,andanation.

Thegreatstrengthofhistoryisitscapacityforself-correction.Thisistheendlessexcitementofhistoricalwriting:thesearchtoreconstructwhatwentbefore.(5)Anation'shistorymustbeboththeguideandthedomainnotsomuchofitshistoriansasitscitizens.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.Historyistoanationwhatmemoryistoaperson,sokeepitinmindishelpful.

2.Self-knowledgeisanessentialpremiseforself-controlofthenationandindividual.

3.Ifanationcanlearnalotfromitshistorylessons,itiswellpreparedforcontrollingtheimpulsionofresortingtoforce.

4.Historyisnotconstantandinvariable.

5.Thehistoryofanationisthedirectorandresearchingfieldofitscitizensratherthanitshistorians.

3.單選題

Withthenumberofprivatecarsincreasing,themainstreetsareoften___duringtherushhour.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clattered

B.propped

C.clogged

D.hindered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clattered“發(fā)出嘩啦聲；喧鬧的談笑”；B選項(xiàng)propped“支撐；放置；用……撐?。澄铮唬R等挺直前腿）驟停”；C選項(xiàng)clogged“阻塞；障礙（表示交通堵塞）”；D選項(xiàng)hindered“阻礙；打擾（讓某人做某事或某事發(fā)生困難）”。句意：隨著私家車數(shù)量的增加，主要街道在高峰時(shí)間經(jīng)常___。本句表達(dá)“主街道竟然在高峰期堵塞”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

【答案】一個(gè)美國研究向人們播放演員在做天氣轉(zhuǎn)變演講的錄音。人們反應(yīng)最好的版本談?wù)摰氖恰翱諝馕廴尽倍皇恰皻夂蜃兓薄驗(yàn)槲廴臼呛退麄冇嘘P(guān)的，可以看見的臟亂和對健康的不良影響。氣候變化不僅僅是空氣污染的問題，但找到讓氣候變化更加有形的方法是至關(guān)重要的。人們只是不擔(dān)心他們看不見（甚至想象不到）的事情。一種增加人們使用公共交通工具數(shù)量的方法是把習(xí)慣分解成簡單的“如果……那么”計(jì)劃。為了改變一種習(xí)慣性行為，一個(gè)人必須確定一個(gè)目標(biāo)（比如少開車），一種他們?yōu)榱俗非筮@個(gè)目標(biāo)想要做的行為（周五坐公共汽車去上班），以及一種能夠觸發(fā)這種行為的情況（有足夠的時(shí)間去趕公共汽車）。

5.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們原意是打算談?wù)摴ぷ鞯?，但是不知不覺就談到了足球。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishes

B.canaccomplish

C.hasaccomplished

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句句首的It作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從

句，即：thatanefficientworker…ontime。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句采用了虛擬語氣，其完整的形式為Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（should）accomplishhisworkontime.本句省略了主句從句中的should。虛擬語氣與不定式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在Itisnecessary+that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容詞的主語的句式中，用Itisnecessary+不定式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

I’mwritingtoyou______mybrotherwhoisillinthehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onbehalfof

B.bythenameof

C.inplaceof

D.infavorof

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.onbehalfof代表B.bythenameof以……為名；名叫

C.inplaceof取代D.infavorof有利于，支持

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“我______我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信”可知，我是代表我的兄弟寫信，所以該選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我代表我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信。

8.單選題

AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxes

B.paradises

C.galaxies

D.shuttles

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B選項(xiàng)paradises“天堂”；C選項(xiàng)galaxies“星系”；D選項(xiàng)shuttles“班車”。句意：加利福尼亞大學(xué)的天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)最遙遠(yuǎn)的星系。本句表示天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)星系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe（

）andgoanotherday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reliable

B.probable

C.feasible

D.flexible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。reliable“可靠的”；probable“很可能的”；feasible“可行的”；flexible“靈活的，柔韌的”。句意：我們已經(jīng)安排好周五去看電影，但是我們也可以看情況改天去。由goanotherday可知空格處意為我們也不一定非得周五去，可以靈活變動(dòng)，改天再去。答案D

10.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.lesslikely

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】考查語義辨析。A選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”；B選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是”；C選項(xiàng)lesslikely“更不可能的是”；D選項(xiàng)letalone“更不必說”，句意為：如今想在同一個(gè)領(lǐng)域干一輩子的工人越來越少，更不用說同一個(gè)公司了。D選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此選D。

11.單選題

Itmakesmesicktothinkofhishighly______manners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.artful

C.artless

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)artistic“藝術(shù)的、有美感的”；B項(xiàng)artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C項(xiàng)artless“天真的、樸實(shí)的”；D項(xiàng)artificial“人造的、仿造的、虛偽的”；句意：我一想到他那矯揉造作的舉止就覺得惡心。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Asa（）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.versatile

C.sophisticated

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個(gè)多才多藝的演員，他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多種樂器。

考查形容詞辨析。flexible靈活的,柔韌的；versatile多才多藝的，萬能的，通用的；sophisticated復(fù)雜的，久經(jīng)世故的，富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；productive多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的。根據(jù)后面句意“他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多種樂器”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源；出身；開端”；B選項(xiàng)generation“一代；產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)descent“下降；血統(tǒng)；襲擊”；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)”。句意：這個(gè)詞的……未知，但肯定不是來自希臘語。后半句有一個(gè)詞“from來自”，說明前半句是追究“詞源”，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專制的”，是由偶然、一時(shí)興起或沖動(dòng)而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項(xiàng)irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無理性的；荒謬的”；C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的；責(zé)無旁貸的”；D選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，我的選擇必然是相對______。如果不知道關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，做出選擇前心里就不會(huì)有一個(gè)理想答案，所以選擇就會(huì)相對隨意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)研制出了一種減肥藥,它能有效地抑制食欲,導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

B.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種減肥藥,它能成功地控制食欲,使體重顯著下降,同時(shí)有明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

C.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)研制出了一種減食療法的藥,它能有效地抑制食欲,導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

【答案】A

【解析】首先，“slimmingdrug”應(yīng)翻譯為減肥藥，沒有提及減食療法，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知，應(yīng)該是沒有明顯的不良反應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。

16.單選題

Thecitywasunpreparedwhenthe______dangerofhurricanesbecamereality,bringingdestructivewavesthat______everythingintheirpath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambivalent…detracted

B.profound…assuaged

C.colloquial…supplanted

D.hypothetical…obliterated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ambivalent…detracted矛盾的，好惡相克的……轉(zhuǎn)移，使分心B.profound…assuaged深厚的……平息，緩和

C.colloquial…supplanted通俗的，口語的……代替，排擠掉D.hypothetical…obliterated假設(shè)的，愛猜想的……消滅，沖刷

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一個(gè)空格根據(jù)后面的becamereality（成為現(xiàn)實(shí)）可知，hypothetical符合句意；第二個(gè)空格根據(jù)destructivewaves（毀滅性的波濤）可知，______everythingintheirpath表示的是“沖刷著道路上的一切”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】當(dāng)人們假設(shè)的颶風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)，這座城市還沒有做好準(zhǔn)備，毀滅性的波濤沖刷著他們道路上的一切。

17.翻譯題

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于這座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻滿是公寓樓的山坡上可能會(huì)使你想到香港；這里密集的人口會(huì)讓你想到東京；而那橫跨長江兩岸、仿效布魯克林大橋豁然聳立的龐大新建筑物，或許會(huì)讓你想到紐約。

放眼望去，到處都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的橋梁和新蓋的高聳入云的住宅樓。事實(shí)上，這類新建筑實(shí)在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于讓人感到驚訝不已的往往不是什么新的高樓大廈，而是偶然瞥見一座舊建筑。

當(dāng)然，在此之前中國已經(jīng)有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的東部地區(qū)為數(shù)不少。這些城市從華北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠鑲嵌在中國沿海各地。但是重慶的迅速崛起卻象征著一種新的開端：這表明北京正在大力推動(dòng)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的成果，將其延伸到幅員遼闊的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，那里是全國四分之三人口的家園。

中國內(nèi)地的城市一個(gè)接一個(gè)競相城鎮(zhèn)化，其中很多城市公開炫耀它們的目標(biāo)，聲稱要在幾年內(nèi)建成“世界大都市”。但無論從城市大小、追求目標(biāo)還是改革規(guī)模來衡量，擁有1200萬人口的重慶仍是獨(dú)一無二的。

18.單選題

TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.

Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.

Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.

Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.

Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.

Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.

1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.

2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.

3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.

4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.

5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse

B.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspects

C.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatements

D.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandreality

B.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluable

C.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefigures

D.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theneedtoproduceresults

B.thelackoffinancialsupport

C.theproblemofscientificresearch

D.thedesiretosolveallproblems

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.influentialthemassmediacanbe

B.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbe

C.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefunds

D.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreases

B.Itisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobe

C.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconception

D.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.”中文翻譯為：他們列出了我們主要擔(dān)心的一系列問題：自然資源正在枯竭，人口不斷增長，留下越來越少的食物；物種正在大量地滅絕，地球的空氣和水正變得越來越污染。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)：環(huán)境問題涉及很多方面。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.”中文翻譯為：最后，大多數(shù)形式的環(huán)境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暫時(shí)的——與工業(yè)化的早期階段有關(guān)，因此最好的解決辦法不是限制經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，而是加速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。可知D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長有助于緩解環(huán)境問題”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段“Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.”中文翻譯為：一是科學(xué)研究固有的不平衡?？茖W(xué)基金主要用于有很多問題的領(lǐng)域。這或許是一項(xiàng)明智的政策，但它也會(huì)給人留下這樣一種印象，即存在的潛在問題要比實(shí)際情況多得多。因此，C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)研究問題”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmedia.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.”，中文翻譯為：其次，環(huán)保組織需要被大眾媒體關(guān)注。他們還需要讓資金源源不斷地流入。或許可以理解，他們有時(shí)會(huì)夸大自己的論點(diǎn)。例如，1997年，世界自然基金會(huì)發(fā)表了一份題為“世界森林的三分之二永遠(yuǎn)消失”的新聞稿。事實(shí)是接近20%。

故D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保人士可能會(huì)夸大他們的說法”最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到尾段“Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.”中文翻譯為：第三個(gè)因素是個(gè)體知覺差。人們擔(dān)心，每個(gè)人都扔掉的東西的數(shù)量無止境的增加，將導(dǎo)致世界耗盡處理垃圾的地方。然而，即使美國的垃圾產(chǎn)量像過去一樣繼續(xù)增長，即使美國人口到2100年翻一番，美國在整個(gè)21世紀(jì)所產(chǎn)生的垃圾仍只占美國國土面積的1/12000?？梢缘弥狟項(xiàng)“它不像人們認(rèn)為的那樣嚴(yán)重”最符合。

19.翻譯題

Timeisalwaysariddleformanthroughouttheages.Peoplealivecanonlyhave“today”—theverydayandtheverymoment.However,wearedifferentinmakinguseof24hours.Wedifferinwhatwedoin24hours(whatwedoin24hoursisdifferent),therefore,whatwegetisdifferent.Someidletheirtimeawayandmissedmanyopportunitiesbecauseofdelay.Somespendtheirtimeinbenefitingothers,someworkhardtomoveforward.Howdoyouspendyourtime?Ifyouspendsometimethinkingitover,youwillbebenefited.

【答案】古往今來，時(shí)間對人來說難以捉摸。每個(gè)活著的人只能掌握“今天”——只能掌握今時(shí)今日。不過，怎樣運(yùn)用這二十四小時(shí)，我們每個(gè)人都各有差異。我們在這24小時(shí)里所做的事情不同，因此得到的也就不同。有的人虛度光陰，延誤時(shí)機(jī)；有的人做利他之事；有的人則奮發(fā)向上。你怎樣運(yùn)用你的時(shí)間呢？如果你花些時(shí)間思考，定會(huì)從中受益。

20.單選題

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat（）.

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

D.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)并不相同，因?yàn)槠采且环N單向狀態(tài)，即宿主給予，寄生物索取。由此可知B項(xiàng)“宿主→寄生物”表述正確，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問哪一項(xiàng)符合互利共生和偏利共生的區(qū)別。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知，互利共生是一種共生關(guān)系，當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的有機(jī)體生活在一種互惠的狀態(tài)時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文敘述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)是不同的，偏利共生是一種單向的狀態(tài)，即宿主給予而寄生物索取。由此可知A項(xiàng)“偏利共生是一種雙向狀態(tài)”表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“靠彼此相互給予和索取合伙共生”表述正確；C項(xiàng)“在互利共生中，宿主給予而寄生物索取”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“互利共生發(fā)生在兩種類似的生物之間，而偏利共生卻發(fā)生于兩種不同的生物之間”與原文不符。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知，斑馬的奔跑速度與鴕鳥相當(dāng)，聽覺和嗅覺都很好，但缺乏鴕鳥敏銳的視力。由此可知這里的that指代“runningspeed（奔跑速度）”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)strength表示“力量”；C項(xiàng)weakness表示“弱點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)eyesight表示“視力”。

4.理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知，如果兩者（即斑馬和鴕鳥）中任一種動(dòng)物覺察到危險(xiǎn)，那么兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段可知，斑馬和鴕鳥屬于互利共生的關(guān)系，它們都是獅子的獵物，都沒有能力獨(dú)自抵抗獅子的攻擊，所以它們要進(jìn)行協(xié)同防御，提醒對方可能有危險(xiǎn)。如果兩者中任一種動(dòng)物覺察到危險(xiǎn)，那么這兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥在躲避攻擊的能力上是互補(bǔ)的”表述正確。而A項(xiàng)“在發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子的攻擊時(shí)，斑馬往往比鴕鳥提供更多的幫助”；C項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥都有極快的速度和敏銳的視力”以及D項(xiàng)“由于有非?？斓乃俣?，斑馬和鴕鳥跑得比任何食肉動(dòng)物都快”均與原文不符，可排除。

21.單選題

Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.Rotated180degreesonahorizontalaxissothatitisupsidedown,itdenotesthematernalessencethatissometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer.Readrightsideup,itconciselyconveysthekindofextremeenthusiasmwithwhichthisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended.Thatwordiswow.

TheauthorisDanBrown(anameyouwillwanttoremember).Inthisgleefullyeruditesuspensenovel,Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre.(Thisisthekindofbookthatnoticesthatthisonegallery’slengthisthreetimesthatoftheWashingtonMonument).IembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.That’ssceneleavinglittledoubtthattheauthorknowshowtopiqueinterest,asthecurator,JacquesSauniere,fightsforhislife.

Desperatelyseizingthepaintinginordertoactivatethemuseum’salarmsystem,Saunieresuccee