2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個(gè)家庭選擇哪一個(gè)房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來(lái)源）來(lái)自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來(lái)，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。solveproblems意為“解決問(wèn)題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個(gè)地方，我們才能重獲價(jià)值和誠(chéng)信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案：to

2.問(wèn)答題

IfSnowhadownedhisownbenefits,orapproachedhealthcareasaconsumer,asthe

administrationwantspeopletodo,he’dcertainlybesingingadifferenttune.HadSnowstashed

A

afewthousanddollarsinahealthsavingsaccount，whichisoneoftheadministration’schief

B

proposalstoreducetherisingnumberofuninsured,helikelywouldn’thaveenoughcashto

C

D

affordchemotherapy.

【答案】試題答案：C;theuninsured

【解析】考查冠詞。此處表示“沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)的人”，需要在uninsured前面加定冠詞the，表示某類(lèi)人。

3.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)過(guò)去情況假設(shè)，主句：主語(yǔ)＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，從句：had＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

試題答案：D;wouldhavebeen

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

誰(shuí)能否認(rèn)海的偉大呢？我愛(ài)海，并不僅僅因?yàn)樗念伾利?，和藏在海底那許多有趣的玩意兒，而是愛(ài)她的胸襟廣闊，化污穢為清潔。她容納無(wú)數(shù)的細(xì)流，盡管她們的顏色有黑的也有黃的，一旦流到了海的懷抱，便立刻變成碧綠的了。碧綠是代表和平，代表一種靜美。一個(gè)人，哪怕他的脾氣有如虎狼那么兇暴，我相信如果常住在海濱，一定會(huì)變得和羔羊一般馴良；同時(shí)，那些心懷狹隘的人，如果常與海做朋友，我相信他也會(huì)改變成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我對(duì)于海，好像著了魔似的一天比一天迷戀起來(lái)，我愛(ài)它，甚至一天也不能離開(kāi)它。有時(shí)清早起來(lái)便奔向海濱，迎著血紅的太陽(yáng)由海邊升起；有時(shí)特地在陽(yáng)光將要落山的吋候，去領(lǐng)略海灘的黃昏滋味。我更愛(ài)看菇立在海中央的燈塔，我佩服那守?zé)羲娜?，他每天機(jī)械地守住自己的崗位，給與往來(lái)的航行者一種光明的指示；假若沒(méi)有他，這海而將被黑暗所包圍，來(lái)往的船只，隨吋都有觸著暗礁的危險(xiǎn)。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

有些人把讀書(shū)當(dāng)作疲勞工作中的一種休息，并不是讀一本書(shū)就預(yù)先想定讀它要派何種用場(chǎng)，即“不為什么而讀”。但日積月累，確實(shí)可以長(zhǎng)知識(shí)、廣見(jiàn)聞、有效益。

經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期積累目前中國(guó)己成為全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和全球第一貿(mào)易大囯、全球第一外匯儲(chǔ)備國(guó)，具備了對(duì)外輸出資本的實(shí)力。

【答案】Somepeopleregardreadingasakindofrestduringtiringwork，andtheyhavenoideaofpracticaluseforthebookstheyaretoread,i.e.they“readfornopurpose”atall.Butgraduallyonecanbenefitfromreading,expandingtheirknowledge.

Chinahasbecomethesecondlargesteconomy,thefirsttradingpoweraswellasthe

firstforeignexchangereservesintheworldandhadthestrengthofoutputtingcapitalexternalafteralongterm’saccumulation.

6.填空題

Thepolicehadmovedquicklytoblockoffthearea.NowJimstoodacrossthestreetwiththeotherstudents,watchinginstunneddisbeliefasthefiredepartmentfoughtto(1)____controlofthefire.Butitlookedhopeless.Theeastendofthebuildingexplodedintoflames.Thenoisewassoloud(2)____evenJim,ashefiddledabsently(3)____thevolumecontroltohishearingaid,couldhearafaintroar.AcrossthestreetontheschoolgroundsMr.Maclntire,theprincipal,wasshoutingtothefirechief.Jimreadhislips,(4)____someofwhathesaidbecauseofthedistancebutgetting(5)____thanenoughtounderstand,“...eightstudentsandateacher...inabasementroom...trapped!”Thefirechiefshookhishead.Threetimes-alreadyfirefightershadtriedtoenterthebuilding,onlytobe(6)____backbytheheatandsmoke,andnowtherewasnohopeatall.Jimsawitinthechief’sface.Hisfriendsandtheteacherherespectedmorethanany(7)____wereasgoodasdead.Theyhadlittle(8)___tosurvivethesmoke,nottomentiontheheat.ItwasJim’sclassinthebasement,andheshouldhavebeenintherehimself.ButhehasstoppedinthehallupstairstotalktoMr.MaclntireaboutthePhonicEar.Itwasasmallradioreceiverpluggedintohishearingaid(9)___signalsfromatransmitterwornbyhisteachers.Bornwitha(10)____impairment,Jimhadhadproblemsinhisclasses.Hewasagoodlipreader,butlipreadingdidnotalways(11)____.Teacherssometimes,withoutthinking,(12)__theirfacesawaywhentalking.Makinggoodgradeshadbeenhardforhim(13)____hebegantousethePhonicEar.Nowheheardeverythinghisteachersaid,andhisgradeshadshot(14)_____.Thatwasonereasonhehadbeenplacedintheadvancedphysicsclass,theonlycoursestill(15)____inanyofthebasementfloorclassroomsoftheoldschool,(16)____wasundergoingrenovation.Anewwingwastobeaddedtothebackoftheschool.Heavyequipmenthadbeendiggingthenewfoundationsandhadbrokenagaslineleadingintothebasement.(17)____hewaslatetoclass,JimhadjustturnedawayfromMr.Maclntire(18)____theschoolbuildingwasrockedbyan(19)____.Smokerosefromthebasementstairwellandwasfollowedbyfire.Everyoneontheuppertwofloorshadgottenout.Buttherehadbeennoescapeforthose(20)____.

【答案】1.gain

2.that

3.with

4.missing

5.more

6.held

7.one

8.chance

9.toreceive

10.hearing

11.help

12.turn

13.so

14.up

15.taught

16.which

17.Because

18.when

19.alarm

20.below

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gainthecontrolof控制…

2.考查固定搭配。so…that…如此…以致…

3.考查固定搭配。fiddlewith擺弄

4.聯(lián)系上下文可知由于距離比較遠(yuǎn)，Jim不能夠聽(tīng)清楚Maclntire所說(shuō)的話，故填missing.

5.考查固定搭配。gettingmorethanenoughtounderstand…得到了足夠多的能理解的信息。

6.考查固定搭配。holdback阻止，聯(lián)系上下文可知，消防主管在搖頭，消防員已經(jīng)三次嘗試進(jìn)入這棟樓，但他們都被濃煙和熱度所阻擋了，現(xiàn)在完全沒(méi)希望了。

7.anyone任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老師處于非常危險(xiǎn)的境地。

8.根據(jù)句意可知此處指老師和學(xué)生有很小的從濃煙中生還的機(jī)會(huì)。

9.此處表示目的，句意：生耳是一個(gè)插在助音器上面的小小收音機(jī)，它從老師戴著的發(fā)射器那里接收信號(hào)。

10.由上文可知Jim有天生的聽(tīng)力缺陷。

11.由下文可知老師在上課時(shí)經(jīng)常把臉轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去，所以可推測(cè)能讀懂唇語(yǔ)也不一定總是有幫助。

12.turnaway轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉

1..由上文可知Jim由于聽(tīng)力缺陷，很難有好成績(jī)，所以開(kāi)始使用生耳。

14.shotup直線上升

15.高級(jí)物理課程是舊學(xué)校地下室教室里仍然被教的課程。course與teach之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。

16.本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，故用which，指代“theoldschool”。

17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire關(guān)于生耳的問(wèn)題，所以可推知他上課遲到了。

18.此處表示當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)樓傳來(lái)的警報(bào)的時(shí)候，他正好剛剛從Maclntire那里轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉來(lái)。

19.句意：這棟教學(xué)樓被警報(bào)聲所包圍。

20.由上文提到的upper可知此空應(yīng)填below。句意：在上面兩層的所有人都出來(lái)了，但是對(duì)于在兩層以下的人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有逃生的機(jī)會(huì)。

7.問(wèn)答題

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】經(jīng)過(guò)多年的擴(kuò)張，智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)正處于頂峰狀態(tài)。一些企業(yè)仍在茁壯成長(zhǎng)：中國(guó)電信巨頭華為預(yù)測(cè)，其自身消費(fèi)設(shè)備部門(mén)今年的收入將增長(zhǎng)約50%。然而，曾經(jīng)被看成是中國(guó)對(duì)蘋(píng)果公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)回應(yīng)的一家創(chuàng)新性電子公司小米卻正在失去收入增加的動(dòng)力。在4月26日，蘋(píng)果自己也宣布了較弱的業(yè)績(jī)。蘋(píng)果在大中華地區(qū)銷(xiāo)售額同比下降26%。然而，隨著電子設(shè)備市場(chǎng)的成熟，消費(fèi)者的支出也正在轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)方面：自2012年以來(lái)，數(shù)據(jù)流量使用一直保持三位數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率。

直到去年，在繁榮的倫敦市中心地區(qū)的房?jī)r(jià)一直在顯著上升。房地產(chǎn)中介第一太平戴維斯公司(SaviHs)的尼爾?哈德遜(NealHudson)聲稱(chēng)，這在很大程度上是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)金充裕的買(mǎi)家涌入。人們把首都的高檔房產(chǎn)看作是國(guó)外經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩的避風(fēng)港。然而，在英國(guó)的其他地方，房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)卻是萎靡不振的。潛在買(mǎi)家為了找到抵押貸款而苦苦掙扎。在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間，實(shí)際工資的下降、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不穩(wěn)定性和對(duì)房?jī)r(jià)暴跌的記憶都遏制了英國(guó)人對(duì)這些地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)的癡迷。

9.填空題

AlbertEinsteinonce(1)_________thecreativityofafamousscientisttothefactthathe“neverwenttoschool,andthereforepreservedtheraregiftofthinkingfreely.”Thereisundoubtedly(2)________inEinstein’sobservation:manyartistsandgeniusesseemto(3)________theirschoolingasabigdisadvantage.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsall(4)_______school.(5)_______didWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.Butsuchatruthisnotacriticismofschools.(6)_______isthefunctionofschoolstocivilize,nottotrainexplorers.Theexplorerisalwaysamiserablylonelyindividual(7)________hisorherpioneeringisinart,music,scienceandtechnology.ThecreativeexplorerofunmappedlandssharewiththegeniuswhatWilliamJamesdescribed(8)_______the“facultyofperceivinginanunhabitualway.”However,thesocialorderdemandsunityandwidespreadagreement,bothtraitsare(9)_______tocreativity.Therewillalwaysbe(10)_______betweenthedemandsofsocietyandtheimpulsesofcreativityandgenius.

【答案】1.attributed

2.truth

3.view

4.disliked

5.So

6.It

7.whether

8.as

9.destructive

10.conflict

【解析】1.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：阿爾伯特?愛(ài)因斯坦曾經(jīng)將一個(gè)著名的科學(xué)家的創(chuàng)造力________于這樣的一個(gè)事實(shí)：他從未上過(guò)學(xué)，從而保留了自由思考的天賦。所以填入attributed表示“將創(chuàng)造力歸因于一個(gè)事實(shí)”。

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是________在愛(ài)因斯坦的觀點(diǎn)中：許多藝術(shù)家和天才似乎都______他們的上學(xué)經(jīng)歷為極大的不利因素。所以填入truth表示“愛(ài)因斯坦的觀點(diǎn)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是真實(shí)的”。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義和搭配。句意：愛(ài)因斯坦的觀點(diǎn)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是真實(shí)的：許多藝術(shù)家和天才似乎都_______他們的上學(xué)經(jīng)歷為極大的不利因素。所以填入view構(gòu)成搭配“view…as將……看作”，表示“都將他們的上學(xué)經(jīng)歷看作成極大的不利因素”。

4.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：巴勃羅?畢加索、查爾斯?達(dá)爾文、馬克?吐溫，奧利弗?戈德史密斯，還有威廉?巴特勒?葉芝都_________學(xué)校。所以填入disliked表示“他們都不喜歡學(xué)?！?。

5.考查倒裝句語(yǔ)法。句意：溫斯頓?丘吉爾也一樣，他差點(diǎn)被哈羅工效開(kāi)除，而這是一所名校。所以填入連詞so構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示“.….也一樣”。

6.考查語(yǔ)法。句意：引導(dǎo)探索者是學(xué)校的職責(zé)，而不是訓(xùn)練探索者。此句中動(dòng)詞不定式“tocivilize,nottotrainexplorers”為句子真正的主語(yǔ)，所以填入It作形式主語(yǔ)。

7.考查連詞。探索者總是一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的個(gè)體，無(wú)論他的創(chuàng)舉是在藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、科學(xué)或是技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。所以填入whether構(gòu)成搭配“whether…or不論….或者….”，表示“無(wú)論是在藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、科學(xué)或是技術(shù)領(lǐng)域”。

8.考查介詞搭配。句意：對(duì)于為開(kāi)拓的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行探索的有創(chuàng)造力的人與天才具有共同之處，這種共同之處被威廉?詹姆斯描述為“不同尋常的感知能力”。所以填入as構(gòu)成搭配“describe…as…將……描述為……”。What引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作sharewith的賓語(yǔ)，表示“共同之處被描述為都不同尋常的感知能力”。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：然而，社會(huì)秩序要求團(tuán)結(jié)和廣泛一致，這兩個(gè)方面對(duì)于創(chuàng)造力來(lái)說(shuō)是________的。所以填入destructive表示“具有毀滅性的”。

10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：社會(huì)的要求和對(duì)于創(chuàng)造力和天才的需求之間總是會(huì)存在________。所以填入conflict表示“二者之間存在矛盾或沖突”。

10.單選題

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat（

）.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

（

）.

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

（

）.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

（

）.

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿諾德植物園的新主管（WilliamFriedman）認(rèn)為，使達(dá)爾文變得偉大的是他讓公眾理解進(jìn)化論這個(gè)想法并接受它。因此D選項(xiàng)“它（《物種起源》）深受公眾的歡迎”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman聲稱(chēng)，達(dá)爾文將該‘歷史簡(jiǎn)述’附加到自己杰作的后來(lái)版本上的目的是為了平息那些為自身更早想法要求榮譽(yù)的人。因此A選項(xiàng)“贊頌?zāi)切┫扔谧约河嘘P(guān)進(jìn)化論的觀點(diǎn)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”雖然其他人在達(dá)爾文之前就已經(jīng)清楚地思考過(guò)進(jìn)化論，但他并非沒(méi)有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。弗里德曼說(shuō)，達(dá)爾文關(guān)于自然選擇作為進(jìn)化機(jī)制的思想很少有人贊同。因此A選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為自然擇是進(jìn)化機(jī)制”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出現(xiàn)促使達(dá)爾文寫(xiě)“《物種起源》”，作為他在篇幅更大的著作中煞費(fèi)苦心安排的那些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)“摘要”。注意題干中的“atfirst（起初）”，因此選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段大意為：雖然其他人在達(dá)爾文之前思考過(guò)進(jìn)化論，但科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅僅需要一個(gè)想法。除了概念之外，發(fā)現(xiàn)需要理解這個(gè)想法的意義，一些早期的作者顯然沒(méi)有——比如柏樹(shù)學(xué)家，他把他關(guān)于自然選擇的想法埋在一本關(guān)于海軍木材的書(shū)的附錄中。最后，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要有能力讓別人相信一個(gè)想法是正確的。弗里德曼說(shuō)，通過(guò)“《物種起源》”，達(dá)爾文是那個(gè)時(shí)代唯一擁有這三種特征的思想家。因此選C。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

中國(guó)央行數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年影子銀行融資占世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體融資總量的近三分之一，凸顯中國(guó)影了銀行業(yè)的崛起。中國(guó)人民銀行表示，去年來(lái)自信托公司和影子銀行部門(mén)其他實(shí)體的融資金額創(chuàng)下歷史紀(jì)錄，占到全年總?cè)谫Y規(guī)模17.3萬(wàn)億元人民幣(臺(tái)2.9萬(wàn)億美元)的30%，髙于2012年23%的比重。

中國(guó)的影子銀行部門(mén)對(duì)地方政府債務(wù)的迅速增長(zhǎng)起到了助推作用。地方政府近年紛紛建立表外工具借款，為開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目提供資金支持。據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)家審計(jì)署近期的一份報(bào)告似計(jì)，截至去年6月底，地方政府債務(wù)已接近3萬(wàn)億美元，比2010年年底上一次審計(jì)時(shí)增長(zhǎng)了70%。

【答案】TheriseofChina’sshadowbankingsectorhasbeenthrownintosharpreliefbydatafromthecentralbankshowingthatitaccountsfornearlyone-thirdofaggregatefinancingintheworld’ssecond-biggesteconomy.Fundingfromtrustcompaniesandotherentitiesintheshadowsectorrosetoitshighestlevelonrecordandaccountedfor30percentoftheRMB17.3tn($2.9tn)intotalcreditissuedlastyear,thePeople’sBankofChinasaid,upfroma23percentshareofaggregatefinancingin2012.

China’sshadowbankingsectorhashelpedfuelanalarmingrun-upinthedebtowedbylocalgovernments,whichhaveestablishedoff-balance-sheetvehiclestoborrowmoneyfordevelopmentprojects.ArecentreportbyChina’sNationalAuditOfficeestimatedthatlocalgovernmentdebtshadreachedalmost$3tnbyJunelastyear,rising70percentfromthepreviousauditattheendof2010.

12.問(wèn)答題

AmongthemorebenignactivitiesoftheUnitedNationsisthededicationofvariousyearstospecificcauses.Mountains,deserts,riceanddialoguehaveallhadtheir365daysoffame.Thereislittleevidencethattheattentionhasdonemountains,desertsriceanddialogueanyharm—butalsonotmuchtosuggestthattheyhavebenefitedeither.

Inthenext12monthsthespotlightfallsonmicrofinance,thebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem.Withluck,theUN’seffortwillturnouttobesubstantialratherthansymbolic.Itcertainlykickedoffinstyle,withabigpartyattheUN’sNewYorkheadquartersthatdemonstratedhowfashionablethesubjecthasbecome.Amongthe700inattendanceweretopbankers,politiciansandafilmstarortwo.TheUNalsoannouncedtheappointmentofanadvisorypaneltoconsiderwhatmaybeimpedingthegrowthandeffectivenessofmicrofinance.

ThesuccessoftheyeardependstoagreatextentonwhethertheUNcanharnessitsmemberstatesandfinancialinstitutionstoestablishsomebasicfacts.Remarkablylittleisknownabouthowfinanceoperatesoutsidewealthycountries.Nogooddataexistonhowmanypeoplehaveaccesstofinancialinstitutions,thebreadthandpenetrationofbanksinpoorcountries,therealcostofaloanandthetimeittakestogetone,theeaseofmakingadepositandsoforth.

Microfinanceitselfissomethingofamystery.Therearenoauthoritativefiguresonthenumberandperformanceofmicrofinancelendinginstitutions.Thereisnotevenconvincinginformation,beyondlotsofanecdotesillustratedbyphotographsofwomeninruralvillages,aboutwhethermicrofinancemakesany.significantcontributiontoeconomicgrowthorismerelyanotherphilanthropicfad.

Inprinciple,loanstothepoorshouldbringgreatbenefits,becausethepoorhavelesscapitalandoftencanborrowonlywithgreatdifficulty.Ifatall,theyoughttouseextracapitalmoreproductivelythantherich.Indeed,thismightexplainwhyeveninthepoorestplacesthereissomeformofmoneylendingdespitestaggeringlyhighinterestrates;1,000%ayearisnotuncommon.However,suchratesinevitablytakeatollonenterpriseandeconomicgrowth.Theyearofmicrocreditwillhaveproventobeofgreatworthifitcanfirstdocumenttheimpedimentstomoreefficientformsoffinancialintermediationandthenbegintoclearthemaway.

Forexample,theUNwoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplaintthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbias.Iftheydo,theUN’sinterestmayhastenchange:somefinancialinstitutionsarealreadymakingeffortstoworkwiththepoor,eitherdirectlyorbyprovidingwholesaleservicestosmallerfinancialinstitutions.Andmanyworkinginmicrofinancecomplainthattheirsmallsizeandlackoftraditionalassetsmakeithardtoattractcapitaleitherontheirownaccountorthroughsyndicatedloans.Ayearhence,perhapssomeofthiswillbechanged.

Whatismicrofmance?Accordingtothetext,howisthecurrentperformanceofmicrofinance?(5points)

Whatarethepossiblebenefitsofmicrofinancetothepoorpeople?WhatshouldtheUNdotopromotemicrofinance?(5points)

【答案】第一問(wèn)由文章第二段中“thebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem”可知答案；第二問(wèn)由文章第四段內(nèi)容可知答案。

試題答案：

Accordingtothetext,microfinanceisthebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem.

Accordingtothetext,thecurrentperformanceofmicrofinanceisnotclearbecausetherearenoauthoritativefiguresonthenumberandperformanceofmicrolendinginstitutions,aboutwhethermicrofinancemakesanysignificantcontributiontoeconomicgrowthorismerelyanotherphilanthropicfad.

第一問(wèn)由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“l(fā)oanstothepoorshouldbringgreatbenefits,becausethepoorhavelesscapitalandoftencanborrowonlywithgreatdifficulty”可知答案；第二問(wèn)由文章最后一段中“theUNwoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplaintthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbias”可知答案。

試題答案：

Microfinancecanhelpthepoorsolvetheproblemofhavinglesscapital,andenablesthemtoborrowcapitalwithlessdifficultythanbefore.

TheUNshoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplainthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbiastopromotemicrofinance.

13.填空題

Duringthepasttenorfifteenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeen（1）to“tellingitlikeitis,”“or“l(fā)ettingitallhangout.”Myimpressionisthatthisoverzealousdevotiontospeakingone’smindhasmoreoftenledtohurtfeelingsandruinedrelationshipsthantogreatjoyandfulfillment.

Ithinkwegenerallyagreethatneverexpressingrealfeelingsandrepressingallless-than-lovelythoughtsabouteachother

（2）

leadstoconstructivecommunication.It’sagreatrelieftoallowourselvestheluxuryofacknowledgingourhumanfrailtiesandpursuingmorehonestrelationshipswithothers.Butweneedtostrikea

（3）

betweentellingitallandtellingnothing.

RecentlyIreceivedaletterfromamotherwhohadbeenpersuadedbyhertroubledtwenty-five-year-oldsontoattendaweekendmarathonwithhim.Underpressurefromthegroup,herdefensescollapsedandsheheardherselftellinghersonforthefirsttimethathehadbeenanaccident—thatshehadn’tbeenplanningtohaveachild.Hein

（4）

toldherthathecouldn’trecallasingledayinhischildhoodthathe’dbeenhappy.

“Atthattime,”thiswomanwrote，“itseemedhelpful.Wecriedandwemade

（5）

;Ithoughttellingthetruthhadbeengoodforus.Butthetroubleis,itwasn’tthewholetruth.BythetimeTommywasbornIdidwanthim,andat

（6）

hewashappy.Eversincethatday,we’vebothbeenhauntedbysometerriblefeelingsweshared.”ImustadmitthatI’vecometotheconclusionthatsomethingsarebetterleftunsaid.Honestyisafinepolicyas

（7）

asweknowwhatthetruthreallyis—butmostofthetimewedon’t.It’safinegoaltoencouragechildrentoexpresstheirrealfeelings.Andmanymarriageshavebeensavedbyanopenconfrontationofdeepandpainfulmisunderstandings.Butweneedanewsenseofbalance.Disclosureisnotapanaceaforeveryproblem

（8）

evenanendinitself.It’susefulandfreeingundersomecircumstancesandterriblyhurtfulanddamagingunderothers.

It’sagoodidea,Ithink,to

（9）

yourtonguefortenorfifteenminutesbeforesayingwhat’s

（10）

yourmind.Trytodecidewhetherit’sgoingtoopenupnewandbetteravenuesofcommunicationorleavewoundsthatmayneverheal.

【答案】1.考查固定搭配。attention一般與give相搭配，此處表示被動(dòng)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)given。

試題答案：given

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此處表示從不表達(dá)真實(shí)的感情很取得有效的溝通，故用否定形式hardly，意為“幾乎不”。

試題答案：hardly

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此句意為：但我們需要在說(shuō)出這一切和什么都不說(shuō)之間取得平衡。strikeabalance意為“達(dá)成平衡，調(diào)和折衷”。

試題答案：balance

4.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過(guò)來(lái)”。

試題答案：turn

5.考查固定搭配。makeup意為“和解，和好”。

試題答案：up

6.考查固定搭配。attimes意為“有時(shí)”。

試題答案：times

7.考查固定搭配。aslongas意為“只要”。

試題答案：long

8.考查固定搭配。nor意為“也不”，not...nor意為“不……也不”，表示否定兩者。

試題答案：nor

9.考查固定搭配。biteone’stongue意為“忍住不說(shuō)話”。

試題答案：bite

10.考查固定搭配。onone’smind意為“使人擔(dān)心，惦記”。

試題答案：on

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChineseinto