2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號37

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問題2選項

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問題3選項

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問題4選項

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問題5選項

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識別軟件來增強(qiáng)機(jī)場的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價格上漲。C:機(jī)場對軟件很滿意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說明書，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強(qiáng)機(jī)場安全)。但并不能證明A項跟D項正確。第三句說到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價飛漲)。因此B項正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機(jī)場開始安裝該軟件并進(jìn)行測試)。但這并不能說明C項正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無論你或許對面部識別軟件聽說過什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項“該軟件結(jié)果是無效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問的是:根據(jù)美國國防部的說法，這個系統(tǒng)的致命缺點是什么?A:太多假警報被拉響。B:每個人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機(jī)場被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個人都應(yīng)該偽裝自己?？啥ㄎ恢恋谌?。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機(jī)場抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報)。因此A項正確，C項不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個人中就有一個被拖拉出候機(jī)的隊伍，而這種比例是基于每個人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項跟D項只是文中提及的實驗的條件，而非致命缺點。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問題在于從現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫里的每一個細(xì)節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒有一個人能識別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對現(xiàn)實)。由此可知B項“該行業(yè)應(yīng)該認(rèn)清現(xiàn)實，改善技術(shù)”正確。

2.單選題

Thesecurityguard（）twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.

問題1選項

A.dispelled

B.propelled

C.repelled

D.expelled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:保安將兩名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驅(qū)逐了出去。

考查動詞辨析。dispel驅(qū)散，消除(尤指感覺或信仰);propel推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使：repel擊退，抵制：expel驅(qū)逐，開除。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“大喊大叫的男子”可知D項符合句意。

3.單選題

Thepresidentmadea（）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。選項A：vigorous“充滿活力的”;選項B:tedious“沉悶的，冗長乏味的”；選項C：flat“單調(diào)的，平坦的，不景氣的；”;選項D：harsh“嚴(yán)厲的,刺耳的”。由句意可知校長的發(fā)言激勵了運(yùn)動員，因此本題選項A更符合題意，正確。句意：校長在運(yùn)動會的開幕式上發(fā)表了充滿活力的講話，極大地鼓舞了運(yùn)動員。

4.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問題2選項

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

問題3選項

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

問題4選項

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

問題5選項

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:作者不習(xí)慣討價還價。B:亞洲人買東西總是講價。C:在老撾，討價還價是安靜而和平的。D:作家準(zhǔn)備和那個女人討價還價。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買一條那樣的裙子，我開始和她討價還價。在亞洲，討價還價是一種習(xí)俗)。由此得知，B項和D項正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價還價是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進(jìn)行的)。因此C項正確。只有A項在原文中找不到線索，故選A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對于我能夠說一些她們國家的語言她感到非常高興，雖然我說的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價還價的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說她們國家的語言和懂得相關(guān)的討價還價的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價)。因此C項“感到高興，因為作者知道她們討價還價的方法”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個價格實在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢。擔(dān)心她因為我買得多而再次降低價格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢，然后離開)。故選C項“她想做點什么作為補(bǔ)償”。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學(xué)會了抗拒困難，不知不覺中，我也學(xué)會了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見，作者沒哭是因為她已經(jīng)學(xué)會讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項“她已經(jīng)學(xué)會了保持冷靜”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對于她的這種慷慨精神毫無防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因為當(dāng)她再次打開包裝想看一下這些裙子時才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長長的絲帶，因此C項“她沒有控制住自己的情緒”正確。

5.單選題

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

問題1選項

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在英國，人們每年消耗四百萬噸土豆。

考查動詞辨析。swallow忍受;吞沒;dispose處理;處置;安排；consume消耗；消費(fèi);exhaust耗盡;排出?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語是potatoes(土豆)，因此C項符合句意。

6.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater----cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問題1選項

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問題2選項

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問題3選項

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問題4選項

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問題5選項

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個世紀(jì)前，人類就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過除去食物中的水分來達(dá)到儲存的目的，并且最簡單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽光和風(fēng)下面)，因此C項“已經(jīng)知道幾個世紀(jì)了”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的活動將會受阻)。因此D項“它們的活性會因為干燥而大大降低”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用機(jī)械化方式風(fēng)干食物。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，在大約110攝氏度的入口溫度，大約43攝氏度的出口溫度下吹入熱空氣。這種風(fēng)干方法通常用來風(fēng)干像蔬菜、肉末以及魚之類的食物)。因此B項“熱空氣室”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于這些原因，它們對攀登者、探險者和戰(zhàn)場上的士兵來說是無價的，因為他們幾乎沒有存儲空間)。因此答案為B項“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因為烹飪這些風(fēng)干了的食物只需要花很少的時間)。因此A項“很快就可以做好”正確。

7.單選題

Inthe（）oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.

問題1選項

A.face

B.time

C.course

D.event

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果項目不成功，投資者損失將高達(dá)3000萬美元。

考查短語辨析。inthefaceof面對;inthetimeof在時期；inthecourseof在……期間；在……過程中；intheeventof萬一；如果。根據(jù)后面句意“投資者損失將高達(dá)3000萬美元”可知D項正確。

8.單選題

“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”

問題1選項

A.didn’twatch

B.haven’twatched

C.haven’twatched

D.hadn’twatched

【答案】D

【解析】語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。分析題干可知ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從主句部分的wouldn’thavebeen可知此句是對過去事實的虛擬，因此從句部分應(yīng)用had+過去分詞形式，故選D項。句意：“哦，我太困了不能學(xué)習(xí)?！薄！班?，如果你昨晚沒有觀看那個晚場的電影的話，你不會如此困?！?/p>

9.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatconiesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance---morethan4.000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchasescouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

4.Theword"abundance"(Line4,Paragraph4)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposaldosetheauthoranticipate?

問題1選項

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

問題2選項

A.amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollection

問題3選項

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

問題4選項

A.alargequantity

B.aformidablequality

C.aweirdappearance

D.avaluablerarity

問題5選項

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfail.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了考古學(xué)缺乏資金支持以及非法盜掘猖獗的現(xiàn)象，隨后提出了針對性的解決方案。因此B項“一種遏制非法盜掘同時能讓考古職業(yè)受益的方法”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:史前文物市場已經(jīng)存在。第一段最后一句指出:Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder(其次，存在非法挖掘的問題，導(dǎo)致博物館有收藏價值的文物被賣給出價最高的人)。因此A項符合文章所述。B:這種史前文物很少有科研價值。第三段指出:Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong(從理論上講，你聲稱每件文物都有潛在的科學(xué)價值或許是對的。但實際上，你錯了)。因此B項正確。C:博物館里有很多這些史前文物。第五段指出:Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture(博物館的地下室只是沒有足夠大到存放將來可能被發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物)。因此C項正確。D:這些史前文物在質(zhì)量上常常優(yōu)于那些編錄到博物館里的文物，此選項文章并未提及。因此答案為D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered(甚至沒有足夠的錢對這些發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分類；結(jié)果，它們就再也找不到了，并且變得難以接近，像從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)過一樣)。因此C項“這些史前文物通常保持未分類狀態(tài)，因此一旦收藏起來就可能找不到了”正確。

第4題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance---morethan4.000examplessofar.破折號后面的morethan4.000examplessofar(到目前為止有多于四千件復(fù)制品)是用來解釋說明abundance的，由此可知abundance表示“數(shù)量很多”。

第5題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder(此外，古代文物是我們?nèi)蛭幕z產(chǎn)的一部分，所有人都可以欣賞，而不是賣給出價最高的人)。因此B項“本應(yīng)該在公共場合被展出的文物將要賣給個人”正確。

10.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項confine“限制；禁閉”；B選項conform“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境”；C選項confront“面對；遭遇；比較”；D選項confirm“確認(rèn)；確定；證實”。句意：在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人都將遵守該文化既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？崭裉幍膭釉~既要符合句意，又要與to構(gòu)成搭配。因此B項正確。Conformto表示“符合，遵照”。

11.單選題

Asa（）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.

問題1選項

A.flexible

B.versatile

C.sophisticated

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個多才多藝的演員，他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多種樂器。

考查形容詞辨析。flexible靈活的,柔韌的；versatile多才多藝的，萬能的，通用的；sophisticated復(fù)雜的，久經(jīng)世故的，富有經(jīng)驗的；productive多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的。根據(jù)后面句意“他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多種樂器”可知B項正確。

12.單選題

（）hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

問題1選項

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管他有一定的知識和學(xué)術(shù)背景，但是從根本上來說他還是很笨的。

考查短語辨析。butfor要不是，如果沒有；accordingto按照，根據(jù)；forall盡管，雖然；thanksto由于，幸虧。根據(jù)后半句句意“從根本上來說他還是很笨的”可知前半句表示讓步，故選C項。

13.單選題

Lately,therestaurantchain,which（）mainlytoblue-collardiners,hasbeenhurtbycompetition.

問題1選項

A.caters

B.fabricates

C.facilitates

D.flees

【答案】A

【解析】句意:最近，這家主要面向藍(lán)領(lǐng)食客的連鎖餐廳由于競爭而遭受損失。

考查動詞辨析。cater迎合;滿足需要；fabricate偽造;facilitate幫助;促進(jìn)；flee逃跑。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞restaurant“餐館”及blue-collardinner“藍(lán)領(lǐng)用餐者”可知A符合句意。

14.單選題

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

問題1選項

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利潤和金錢是你首先考慮的事情，對人的義務(wù)是你最不關(guān)心的，那你的教育就失敗了。

考查名詞辨析。potentiality潛能;可能性;priority優(yōu)先考慮的事;優(yōu)先權(quán);superiority優(yōu)越;優(yōu)勢;responsibility責(zé)任;職責(zé);義務(wù)。根據(jù)句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不關(guān)心的事情)可知B項正確。

15.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.由于生產(chǎn)這類產(chǎn)品需要大量的設(shè)備和高水平的技術(shù)，因此我們要尋求實力雄厚的大公司的合作，使樣品盡快轉(zhuǎn)化為商品。

2.二十世紀(jì)向二十一世紀(jì)的過渡時期，恰好為美國的教育事業(yè)提供了一個重溫歷史，重新對科學(xué)承擔(dān)義務(wù)的機(jī)會。

3.人們必須十分重視良好的飲食習(xí)慣，雖說正確的飲食習(xí)慣不能根除世界上的癌癥，但它有利于減少患癌癥的風(fēng)險。

4.雖然主要是母親決定了配偶中吸引我們的品質(zhì)，但卻是父親影響我們?nèi)绾闻c異性接觸。

5.我們現(xiàn)在必須擺脫頭腦中的一個觀念，即認(rèn)為唯有在工作中“晉升”才是獲得認(rèn)可和更高收入的方向。

【答案】1.Sincetheproductionofsuchproductsrequiresalargeamountofequipmentandhighleveloftechnology,weshouldlookforbigandstrongcompaniestoworkwithustocommercializethespecimenasearlyaspossible.

2.ItisagoodopportunityfortheUnitedStatestoreviewhistoryandregainscientificdutyduringthetransitionfrom20thcenturyto21stcentury.

3.Peoplemustpaygreatattentiontogoodeatinghabits.Althoughtherightdietwillnoteradicatecancerintheworld,itcanhelpreducetheriskofcancer.

4.Whileitisprimarilythemotherwhodeterminesthequalitiesthatattractusinamate,itisthefatherwhoinfluenceshowweinteractwiththeoppositesex.

5.Wemustnowgetridoftheideathat"promotion"atworkisawaytoobtainrecognitionandhigherpay.

16.單選題

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問題1選項

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我會考慮到這個地區(qū)其他農(nóng)民和商人對他的評價，然后決定是否批準(zhǔn)貸款。

考查短語辨析。takeintoaccount考慮;重視;體諒;accountfor對…負(fù)有貴任：對…做出解釋;說明…的原因；makeupfor補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ)；makeout辨認(rèn)出;說明;填寫;設(shè)法應(yīng)付。動詞短語的賓語是hisreputation(對他的評價)，因此A項符合句意。

17.單選題

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfea