2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號28

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Weusuallyhaveatenminute（）betweenclasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pause

B.interference

C.interval

D.distraction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pause“暫?！?；B選項(xiàng)interference“干擾，沖突”；C選項(xiàng)interval“間隔，間距”；D選項(xiàng)distraction“注意力分散，消遣”。句意：我們通常有十分鐘的課間休息時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)interval“間隔，間距”可表示課間休息。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。onthevergeof“瀕臨于；接近于”；onthesly“偷偷地”；

onthespot“在場；立刻；處于困境”；ontheloss一般與of連用表示“喪失”，此處填的介詞短語應(yīng)該與爆炸案件有關(guān)，所以此處只能選擇onthespot表示“在場”（這里指的是在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場）。句意：自殺爆炸事件過去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈拧娜丝赡芨唷９收_答案為選項(xiàng)C。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。通過列舉了舞臺(tái)的例子，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了配角和劇中布景的重要性，結(jié)合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊兒童所生活的家庭和社會(huì)往往是他們成長和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵）可知，對特殊兒童而言，家庭和社會(huì)環(huán)境也是很重要的，因此D選項(xiàng)“說明環(huán)境的重要性，如家庭和社會(huì)”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在過去的30年中，公共教育對特殊兒童的極大興趣表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種強(qiáng)烈想法，那就是所有的公民，無論其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)）可推斷出B選項(xiàng)“特殊兒童也應(yīng)該開發(fā)他們的潛能的信念”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的NOT，因此要找出文中沒有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判決確認(rèn)了所有兒童，無論殘疾與否，都有接受適當(dāng)教育的權(quán)利，并命令公立學(xué)校采取必要措施提供這種教育）可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作為回應(yīng)，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，使教學(xué)能夠適應(yīng)特殊兒童，那些不能從常規(guī)課程中真正獲益的兒童的需要）可排除D選項(xiàng)，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，以適應(yīng)特殊兒童的需要，因此可以推斷出，常規(guī)課程是不足以應(yīng)對特殊兒童的，substantially應(yīng)為“足夠的”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。解題關(guān)鍵句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（為了讓這些孩子充分發(fā)展他們成年后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些差異）可知A選項(xiàng)“使教育適應(yīng)殘疾兒童的必要性”為正確答案。

4.單選題

Withtheirmodern,lightweightboat,theysoon（）theoldervesselsintherace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overran

B.exceeded

C.outstripped

D.caughtup

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了同義詞辨析。overran“超過（范圍）”；exceeded“超過，超越（數(shù)量，限制）”；outstripped“超過，趕上”；caughtup“追上，趕上（接名詞時(shí)跟with連用）”，此處指的是在比賽中超過，趕上別人，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)A、B，此處如果使用catchup的話后面應(yīng)該加with，用catchupwith的形式，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

5.單選題

Itisessentialtobeonthe（）foranysignsofmovementintheundergrowthsincetherearepoisonoussnakesinthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guard

B.care

C.alert

D.alarm

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知此處要填一個(gè)詞與beonthe...for構(gòu)成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能與之構(gòu)成搭配，beonthealertfor是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是beonguardfor，guard的前面不需要加定冠詞the，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇alert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

6.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；D選項(xiàng)fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人對于女人都有一個(gè)刻板的觀念，那就是女人天生體格方面弱，思想方面（固執(zhí)）。句中…mind與frailconstitutions相對應(yīng)，根據(jù)句意，stubborn“固執(zhí)的”用來修飾題中女人的思想正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Mr.Hopkins,wholostaleginacaraccident,hadnowbeenfittedwitha(n)（）limb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.attachment

C.artificial

D.extra

【答案】C

【解析】考查語義和形容詞名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)substitute“替代品”；B選項(xiàng)attachment“附件”；C選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的”；D選項(xiàng)extra“額外的”。句意：霍普金斯先生在一次車禍中失去了一條腿，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)裝上了假肢。本句表示裝上假肢的表達(dá)是artificiallimb，C選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的”符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，商業(yè)革命帶來了哪些變化？選項(xiàng)A“生產(chǎn)方式”；選項(xiàng)B“手工業(yè)工會(huì)的出現(xiàn)”；選項(xiàng)C“貿(mào)易量的增加”；選項(xiàng)D“貿(mào)易，銀行和生產(chǎn)方式的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)第一段第一句的內(nèi)容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.當(dāng)然，商業(yè)革命沒有限制貿(mào)易和銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。它還帶來了生產(chǎn)方式的根本性變化”，所以商業(yè)革命的影響包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的都正確，但是只是一部分的影響，不全面，所以可以排除；選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第2題:詞義辨析題。第一段中“defunct”這個(gè)單詞大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“廢棄的，已經(jīng)過時(shí)的”；potential“潛在的；有潛力的”；extensive“廣泛的”，我們可以根據(jù)下文來猜測這個(gè)單詞的含義，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工會(huì)本身被精通技術(shù)的人主導(dǎo)，變得自私和排他”，這句話是對“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世紀(jì)晚期，由手工工會(huì)發(fā)展而來的制造業(yè)迅速地變得“defunct”的進(jìn)一步解釋說明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思應(yīng)該是obsolete，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，哪個(gè)地方的能源利用最高效？選項(xiàng)A“冶煉行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)B“煤礦業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)C“銀行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)D“紡織業(yè)”；根據(jù)文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如轉(zhuǎn)輪的發(fā)明和葡萄酒生產(chǎn)銅的方法，它們只需要以前大約一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在冶煉行業(yè)能源的使用變得十分的高效,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。作者暗示什么，選項(xiàng)A“工會(huì)制度更加高效”；選項(xiàng)B“家庭手工制是資本主義”；選項(xiàng)C“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了工會(huì)制度”；選項(xiàng)D“家庭手工制不如工會(huì)制度那么有效率”，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic盡管生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，組織基本上是資本主義”，可知家庭手工制是資本主義，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不對的？選項(xiàng)A“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了企業(yè)的發(fā)展”；選項(xiàng)B“在羊毛工業(yè)中，織布工可以把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工”；選項(xiàng)C“家庭手工業(yè)也稱為散工制”；選項(xiàng)D在這篇文章中，“呢絨商”是“企業(yè)家”的代名詞，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛產(chǎn)業(yè)的紗線會(huì)首先給紡紗工，然后傳遞給織布工”，可知并非織布工把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

9.單選題

Duetorapidgrowthofpopulationandlongperiodofdrought,someAfricancountriesoftensufferfrom（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feminism

B.famine

C.fatigue

D.fantasy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feminism“女權(quán)主義”；B選項(xiàng)famine“饑荒”；C選項(xiàng)fatigue“疲勞”；D選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想”。句意：由于人口的快速增長和長期的干旱，一些非洲國家經(jīng)常遭受饑荒。根據(jù)前半句表述的因?yàn)槿丝诳焖僭鲩L和長期干旱，可知后半句中不好的結(jié)果合適的是饑荒。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。paradoxes“悖論；矛盾的事物”；legacies“遺產(chǎn)”；platitudes“平凡；陳詞濫調(diào)”；analogies“類比；類推”，根據(jù)whenapeopledies“在一個(gè)人死的時(shí)候”和distributed“分發(fā)”，可知此處指的是遺產(chǎn)的分發(fā)。句意：一個(gè)人去世的時(shí)候，在分……之前他的債務(wù)必須償還清楚。正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

11.單選題

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“結(jié)束；終結(jié)”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“減輕；緩和”，“仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文”的目的是“排除錯(cuò)誤”，符合邏輯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞eliminate，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：羅斯瑪麗亞當(dāng)小姐仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文，以排除所有錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

Havingdecidedtorentaflatwe（）contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setout

B.setto

C.setabout

D.setoff

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了同義詞組的辨析。setout“動(dòng)身；著手做某事”；setto“開始做某事”；setabout“開始做某事”；setoff“出發(fā)；動(dòng)身”，setto后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形，此句中的動(dòng)詞是用的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)B；選項(xiàng)D是“出發(fā)，動(dòng)身去某地”的意思，不符合此處的語境；setout一般與不定式todo連用，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)A，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

13.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。passedon“傳遞；去世”；passedup“拒絕；向上遞”；passedby“經(jīng)過”；passedout“暈倒；分發(fā)”，根據(jù)句意可知此處表達(dá)的是他抓住了任何一個(gè)可以練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)，此處只有選擇passedup，取其“拒絕”的意思才能使整個(gè)句子表達(dá)通暢。句意：在他在中國待的兩個(gè)月時(shí)間里，他從未……任何一個(gè)練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

14.單選題

Whatthefilmcompanyneedsisanactorwhocantakeonanykindsof（）roles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.versatile

C.variable

D.changeable

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了形容詞辨析。diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；variable“變化的；可變的”；changeable“易變的；可變的”，根據(jù)題意可推知電影公司需要的是能夠扮演不同角色的演員，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠表示“不同的，多樣的”只有diverse，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：這家電影公司需要的是一個(gè)能擔(dān)當(dāng)各種不同角色的演員。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“爵士音樂與其他形式的音樂最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項(xiàng)“哪位早期的爵士樂手對節(jié)奏和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂影響最大”，并沒有談?wù)摵芏鄻肥?；C選項(xiàng)“為什么美國的舞蹈和音樂的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒有談及美國的舞蹈，只開始一句帶過；D選項(xiàng)“什么樂器組成了19世紀(jì)20年代最典型的爵士樂隊(duì)”，樂器方面也并未過多說明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術(shù)家一樣，爵士音樂家追求自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂家展示自己個(gè)性的主要機(jī)會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)“在表演時(shí)創(chuàng)造音樂的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備音樂改編”，不是準(zhǔn)備好的音樂，而是即興的；C選項(xiàng)“有技巧的閱讀音樂”并未提及；選項(xiàng)D“能夠演奏所有類型的流行音樂”也不對。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀(jì)初，一些爵士樂隊(duì)也有獨(dú)唱的特色。類似地，表演樂團(tuán)和嘉年華樂隊(duì)通常也會(huì)有一兩個(gè)這樣的“get-off”音樂家?！笨芍癵et-off”音樂家的功能是獨(dú)唱。A選項(xiàng)“演出結(jié)束后，協(xié)助其他樂隊(duì)成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“教新音樂的舞蹈動(dòng)作”，文中只提到獨(dú)唱并沒有說舞蹈動(dòng)作；C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)樂隊(duì)”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“在樂隊(duì)或管弦樂隊(duì)中提供獨(dú)奏表演”與原文提到的獨(dú)唱特色相對應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:詞義推測題。由unadorned這個(gè)詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂都是熱門的，許多早期的樂隊(duì)演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲?！庇纱丝芍?，unadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項(xiàng)“可愛的”意思不同；B選項(xiàng)“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項(xiàng)“紊亂的”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過分開表述爵士樂區(qū)分其他音樂的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開的。A選項(xiàng)“把討論分成兩個(gè)主要部分”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，原文沒有提出其他相反觀點(diǎn)，B錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“提供著名音樂家的傳記”，文中沒有涉及音樂人物傳記；D選項(xiàng)“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Peopleinnately（）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。strive“努力；抗?fàn)帯?；ascertain“確定；查明”；justify“證明合法”；adhere“堅(jiān)持；依附”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與for構(gòu)成詞組，根據(jù)后面的superiority，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知此處填入strive最為恰當(dāng)。句意：人天生會(huì)……去使自己比別人優(yōu)越，盡管這經(jīng)常以對權(quán)利極大的欲望來體現(xiàn)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

17.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；B選項(xiàng)onbehalfof“代表”；C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時(shí)候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個(gè)成年人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關(guān)系，只有C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項(xiàng)意思不對。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Ifthework-forcerespectedyou,youwouldn’tneedto（）yourauthoritysooften.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affirm

B.restrain

C.assert

D.maintain

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。affirm“斷言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“聲稱；堅(jiān)持；維護(hù)”；maintain“保持”，根據(jù)respected“尊重”可知此處對應(yīng)的是“維護(hù)權(quán)威”，表示維護(hù)權(quán)威或者捍衛(wèi)權(quán)威是要用動(dòng)詞assert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：如果工人們尊重你，你就不需要總是維護(hù)你的權(quán)威。

19.單選題

Workingwiththementallyhandicappedrequiresconsiderable（）ofpatience;andunderstanding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.stocks

C.provisions

D.resources

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查名詞辨析題。means“方法；手段”；stocks“股份；庫存”；provisions“規(guī)定；條款”；resources“資源；物力”，此處resourcesofpatience表示“全部的耐心”的意思，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為：與精神上有缺陷的人工作需要拿出所有的耐心和理解。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.

3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

B.anarticleofpopularscience

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

B.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

C.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

D.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

B.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

C.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarth

D.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

B.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

C.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

D.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

B.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

C.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

D.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖……”，由此可知文章摘自一本書的序言，而本文都是在講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的，所以推測是天文學(xué)類書籍，所以D選項(xiàng)“一本天文學(xué)書籍的序言”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“科幻小說的序言”，科幻小說對象不正確；B選項(xiàng)“一篇科普文章”與原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文學(xué)書籍……”不符；C選項(xiàng)“作者給天文學(xué)學(xué)生的演講”，文章的形式并不是演講，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:主旨大意題。原文第一段主要講述的是人類在天文學(xué)方面的研究擴(kuò)展和特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)作者寫第一段的目的是“來解釋今天天文學(xué)的背景和新特征”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)討論太空研究的最新成果”，第一段只是簡單介紹并未詳細(xì)討論，所以A錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“說明今天的世界與一代人以前在許多方面不同”，只是說明研究的新進(jìn)展，并不是世界的不同；D選項(xiàng)“引進(jìn)一些新建立的空間站”與題意不符。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople…ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.“天文學(xué)為所有人提供了冒險(xiǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是一種向外探索的推進(jìn)，也許有一天，它會(huì)被視為一種替代選擇，取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭吵和戰(zhàn)爭，以控制一個(gè)封閉、有限的地球上日益減少的資源。”A選項(xiàng)“在其他行星上永久定居的實(shí)現(xiàn)”原文并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“更多的干擾不僅在地球上，而且在外太空”不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“地球上的秩序、和諧與和平”，原文提到“可以取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭吵和戰(zhàn)爭”進(jìn)而可以維護(hù)地球秩序和諧和平，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“所有人有機(jī)會(huì)在太空旅行”與題意不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞today’sastronomiesstudents定位到文章第二段Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.“他們學(xué)習(xí)天文學(xué)的部分原因可能是為了尋找科學(xué)和其他人類活動(dòng)之間的聯(lián)系：哲學(xué)、歷史、政治、環(huán)境行為，甚至是藝術(shù)和宗教?！庇纱丝芍芯刻煳膶W(xué)還可以更多地了解其他領(lǐng)域。所以B選項(xiàng)“通過天文學(xué)的研究，可以更多地了解人類及其在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對看不見的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合題意；C選項(xiàng)“不再關(guān)心天文事實(shí)”與原文敘述相反；D選項(xiàng)“比上一代的學(xué)生聰明得多”沒有比較無法體現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由劃線句定位到文中最后一段Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖對這些發(fā)展做出回應(yīng)?！庇纱丝芍斑@些發(fā)展”所包括的內(nèi)容是前文已經(jīng)提及的。A選項(xiàng)“全世界參與太空探索”和B選項(xiàng)“人類在天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及；C選項(xiàng)“今天的天文學(xué)學(xué)生獲得的關(guān)于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有講述；D選項(xiàng)“科幻小說和電影特效的發(fā)展”，文章主要是講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，并沒有詳細(xì)闡述科幻小說和電影的發(fā)展，所以D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。因此此題選擇D選項(xiàng)。

21.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（31）tohowtheycanbebest（32）suchchanges.

Growingbodiesneedmovementand（33）,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（34）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyselfconsciousandneedthe（35）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（36）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（37）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（38）publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews,（39）studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（40）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasfor