2022年考研考博-考博英語-新疆大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)49

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-新疆大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

9.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

10.Accordingtopassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareasintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe（）.

12.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow（）.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceemotivephenomena.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

E.urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasresentsintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

E.pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

D.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

E.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseinUnitedStates

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

E.useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorgasinthatarea

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sufficientpermeability

B.artificialsimulation

C.drillingofholes

D.constructionofreservoirs

E.transferofheat

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,IIandIII

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

E.HighGeothermalGradientsintheUnitedStates:MythorReality?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:E

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：提醒讀者HDRs作為一種可用能源的存在；B：列舉在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)；C：警告煤炭和石油的用戶，HDRs在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不是可行的替代品；D：鼓勵(lì)使用從地下熱水和蒸汽中回收能源的新技術(shù)；E：敦促消費(fèi)者要求更快開發(fā)用于能源生產(chǎn)的HDR資源。本文是一篇說明文。作者第一段提出了潛在的干熱巖（HDR）油藏，第二段提出了HDR開采系統(tǒng)的新概念，后面則指出了一些限制性問題，如技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素以及地溫梯度等，最后一段指出HDR的資源基礎(chǔ)非常大并且列舉了一些問題：剩下的問題是如何平衡深、熱、高成本井和淺、冷、低成本井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，以及最終產(chǎn)品、電或熱的價(jià)值，因此B項(xiàng)“列舉在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)”正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：專注于美國(guó)溫度深度記錄的歷史的巖石學(xué)研究報(bào)告；B：敦促美國(guó)保護(hù)石油和天然氣的國(guó)會(huì)報(bào)告；C：關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源的可回收性的技術(shù)期刊文章；D：描述剩余煤炭資源的范圍和可及性的消費(fèi)者報(bào)告；E：為向業(yè)主介紹HDR空間供暖系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而設(shè)計(jì)的小冊(cè)子。本文旨在提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源，并列舉了在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)，所以，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源的可回收性的技術(shù)期刊”上。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：平衡HDR能源回收與地下熱水或蒸汽回收系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性；B：確定在美國(guó)將用于空間供暖的能量；C：對(duì)美國(guó)的熱水和HDR能源提供比較；D：更正對(duì)美國(guó)剩余煤炭資源范圍的估計(jì)；E：估計(jì)美國(guó)HDR資源總量。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“averagegeothermalgradientof22°vperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°nperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（跡象表明，HDR的能源庫巨大。如果按每公里深度的地?zé)崽荻绕骄鶠?2攝氏度計(jì)算，美國(guó)10公里深的地殼巖石中含有總能量驚人的13000000萬億B.T.U.），因此D項(xiàng)“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase（估計(jì)美國(guó)HDR資源總量）”符合文意。

11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在那個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)HDR的可能性；B：以前曾在該地區(qū)獲取石油或天然氣的嘗試；C：該地區(qū)熱水或蒸汽回收工作的成功歷史；D：那個(gè)地區(qū)的居民沒有保存石油或天然氣儲(chǔ)備；E：在那個(gè)地區(qū)使用煤作為石油或天然氣的替代品。第四段指出：“TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates（由美國(guó)石油地質(zhì)學(xué)家協(xié)會(huì)保存的油氣井溫度-深度記錄生成的溫度梯度圖表明可開發(fā)的高溫梯度分布在美國(guó)各地）”。因此B項(xiàng)“以前曾在該地區(qū)獲取石油或天然氣的嘗試”符合文意。

12.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：足夠的滲透率；B：人工刺激；C：鉆孔；D：水庫建設(shè)；E：熱傳遞。由題干關(guān)鍵詞fluid定位至第二段：InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock（在所有試圖從HDR中回收能量的嘗試中，都需要人工增產(chǎn)來創(chuàng)造足夠的滲透性或有邊界的流動(dòng)路徑，以便通過巖石表面的流體循環(huán)來清除熱量），由此可知，流體是用來散除熱量的，故選E項(xiàng)。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞averagegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth定位至第五段。這一段講HDR的resourcebase（資源儲(chǔ)量）非常大，然后用22℃的情況對(duì)能源進(jìn)行估計(jì)（說明能源很多）。最后一句說，remainingproblem剩下的問題是如何平衡深、熱、高成本井和淺、冷、低成本井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，以及最終產(chǎn)品、電或熱的價(jià)值。再看選項(xiàng)：

I根據(jù)這段內(nèi)容，言下之意energy充足，發(fā)電完全可能（剩下唯一需要考慮的是投入成本），正確。

II因?yàn)檫€有投入成本需要考慮，當(dāng)然不是economicallyfeasible，不對(duì)。

III這一段沒提到，直接排除。

因此，答案選A項(xiàng)。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：水源能源：商業(yè)系統(tǒng)的可行性；B：地?zé)崮茉椿厥眨夯鹕交顒?dòng)和干熱巖石；C：地下能源：地?zé)豳Y源被化石燃料取代；D：美國(guó)未來的可開發(fā)能源：干熱巖石；E：美國(guó)地?zé)崽荻雀撸簜髡f還是現(xiàn)實(shí)？本文講述了HDR能源在美國(guó)的發(fā)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用前景，通篇的關(guān)鍵詞為HDR。D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)未來的可開發(fā)能源：干熱巖石”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。

2.單選題

Wehavenotyetbeeninformed（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerningtheonewhobrokethewindow

B.abouttheidentityoftheindividualwhoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindow

C.ofthewindow-breaker

D.astowhobrokethewindow

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞inform的用法，inform一般和介詞of或about構(gòu)成搭配，informsb.(of/aboutsth.)表示“知會(huì)；通知；通告”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：關(guān)于誰是破窗而入者，我們還未接到通知。

3.填空題

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadamagazinearticleaboutthemeparksinBritain.Forquestions34-40,choosefromthethemeparks(A-E).Thethemeparksmaybechosenmorethanonce.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Ofwhichthemeparksarethefollowingstated?

Wehadnopreviousexperienceofplaceslikethis.(0)B

Thechildrenwereallyoungenoughtoenjoyit.(34)（）

Itwasgoodthatyoucouldfindsomewheretorest.(35)（）

Itwasmoreenjoyablethanwehadexpected.(36)（）

Thechildrendisagreedaboutwhatwasthemostfrighteningride.(37)（）

Thesurroundingsarenotparticularlyattractive.(38)（）

Wedidn’tmindhavingtowaittogoontherides.(39)（）

Oneoftheridesseemedtofinishveryquickly.(40)（）

VariationsonaTheme

Ifyou’rethinkingoftakingchildrentoathemepark,therearedozenstochoosefrominBritain.Weaskedfivefamiliestotestthebest.

A.FunIsland

JanandSteveBurnstookdaughterSamantha,3,andhercousinsGary,8,andJemma,10.

LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.Theparktrieshardtocaterforyoungerchildren,soourthree-year-olddidn’tfeelleftout.ThekidsalllovedtheCrocodileRideandtheGiantWheel.There’saspecialdodgemsridefortheveryyoungkids,whichwasagreatsuccess.Forolderchildren,therearescarierrides,suchasSplashOut,whereyouendupjumpinginapool!Afterfivehours,SteveandIwerereadytocallitaday,butthechildrenobjectedbecausetheywerehavingsuchfun.Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.Butthestaffareextremelyhelpfulandwefeltitwasclean,well-organizedandverysecurity-conscious.

B.Wonderland

MariaMcMillanandherfriendFrancestookOscar,18months,Ellie,4,Alex,5,andAlexander,6.

Noneofushadbeentoathemeparkbefore,sowedidn’tknowwhattoexpect.WethoughtOscarmightbetooyoung,butheadoredit.HewasinheavenontheMountainTrain,andparticularlylikedLittleLand,withitssmallreplicasoffamousbuildingsthatwereathislevel!Theolderchildrenenjoyedtheferriswheel,andloveddrivingthetoycarsonaproperroadlayout.Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.Thelandscapingisperfectandthestaffveryhelpfulandfriendly.Andthere’ssomethingforeveryone,adultsincluded.

C.AdventureWorld

TimJeffreeandhiswifeClaretookTimothy,3,Olivia,7,andEmma,9.

Aftersevenhourswefelttherewasstillalottosee.Thisisanenormousthemepark,extremelywellrunandfullofgoodrides.ThechildrenlovetheBigTopCircus,whichhadafantasticTrapezeactandkeptusontheedgeofourseats.WewentontheTerrorLineand,althoughthegirlswereratherscaredandkepttheireyesshutmostofthetime,theysaidthey’denjoyedit.TheirfavoriteridewasRunningRiverwhereyouthinkyouaregoingtogetsoaked,butyoudon’t.Foryoungerchildren,ToyLandisgreatfun.Thechildrenhadalookatthenewride,FearFactor,butwebreathedasighofreliefwhentheyfoundthattheyweretoosmalltogoonit!Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.It’sspotlesslyclean,andthestaffaregreat.OnonerideIcouldn’tsitwithbothgirls,soamemberofstaffofferedtogowithoneofthem.

D.TheGreatPark

JennyLangridgeandherfriendLindatookBen,6,James,9,andSophie,12.

Wearrivedatoneo’clockandweredisappointedthattheparkwasonlyopenuntil5p.m.Thisisasuperthemeparkforyoungerchildrenbecausetheridesaren’ttooterrifying.I’marealcowardbutevenIenjoyedmyself.WealladoredExoticTravels,aboatridewhichstartsoffquitetamelyandthenbecomesterrificfun.WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!Iwouldn’tgoontheBigLeap,butifyouhavethenerve,itlookedgreat.TherearelotsofenjoyableboatandtraintripsaroundtheparkandIfeltalltheattractionswereverysafeandwellcontrolled.Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.

E.FantasyWorld

BillBreakallandhiswifeRuthtookSarah,10,Tom,13,Jennie,15,andBen,19.

Accordingtothepark’sadvertisingthereis“NoLimittotheFun”,andwecertainlyfeltthatwastrue.Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!Thereareadozenorsomainrides,whichtheolderchildrenwentonseveraltimes.Sarahwastoosmallforacoupleofthem,butenjoyedtheLongSlide.Tomlovedthezooandwildlifepark.Theparkiscleanandhasgoodparkingfacilities.Wefoundthestaffattitudesweremixed.Someofthemweregreatwiththeyoungerchildren,butthewelcomewasn’talwaysaswarm.YouneedafulldaytoenjoyFantasyWorld.Wewouldn’thavedaredtellthekidsweweregoinghomeearly.

【答案】34.D

35.B

36.A

37.E

38.A

39.C

40.D

【解析】34.句意：孩子們都足夠年幼，可以享受其中。由D部分中Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.（如果孩子們?cè)俅笠稽c(diǎn)，他們可能會(huì)覺得這有點(diǎn)乏味，但他們都在合適的年齡段，他們都很喜歡。）可知，TheGreatPark適合年幼的孩子，6歲的本、9歲的詹姆斯和12歲的索菲年齡都足夠小，玩得很開心。因此本題選D。

35.句意：你能找到地方休息，這很好。由B部分中Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.（我們?cè)谀抢锎?個(gè)小時(shí)，很高興那里有可以歇腳的地方。）可知，Wonderland有可以休息的地方。因此本題選B。

36.句意：這比我們預(yù)想的要愉快得多。由A部分中LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.（去年我們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó)的一個(gè)大型主題公園，我們以為相比之下，F(xiàn)unIsland可能會(huì)很乏味。但事實(shí)上，我們印象深刻。）可知，我們本以為FunIsland可能會(huì)很乏味，但實(shí)際上比我們預(yù)期的要玩得開心。因此本題選A。

37.句意：孩子們對(duì)什么是最可怕的項(xiàng)目意見不一。由E部分中Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!（歐洲最高的過山車“火箭”占據(jù)了天際線，本認(rèn)為這是最恐怖的項(xiàng)目，不過珍妮說倒掛在離地面30米的“倒掛金鐘”更可怕?。┛芍?，孩子們對(duì)于FantasyWorld里最可怕的項(xiàng)目有不同的意見。因此本題選E。

38.句意：周圍的環(huán)境不是特別吸引人。由A部分中Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.（我們唯一的批評(píng)是該公園略微缺乏氛圍，風(fēng)景也有待改善。）可知，F(xiàn)unIsland的環(huán)境不是很好。因此本題選A。

39.句意：我們并不介意等待玩游樂項(xiàng)目。由C部分中Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.（這個(gè)公園設(shè)計(jì)得很好，甚至排隊(duì)也不會(huì)太無聊。）可知，我們不介意在AdventureWorld排隊(duì)等待玩游樂項(xiàng)目。因此本題選C。

40.句意：其中一個(gè)游樂項(xiàng)目似乎很快就結(jié)束了。由D部分中WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!（我們?yōu)殚W電河排隊(duì)半個(gè)小時(shí)，然后不知不覺就結(jié)束了！）可知，TheGreatPark中的閃電河項(xiàng)目似乎很快就結(jié)束了。因此本題選D。

4.單選題

Hefinishedthepaintings（）fortheexhibition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingoodtime

B.forthetimebeing

C.fromtimetotime

D.timeaftertime

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查介詞短語用法。A選項(xiàng)ingoodtime“及時(shí)地，適時(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)forthetimebeing“暫時(shí)，眼下”，C選項(xiàng)fromtimetotime“不時(shí)，有時(shí)，時(shí)?！保珼選項(xiàng)timeaftertime“不斷地，反復(fù)”。句意：他在展覽前及時(shí)完成了繪畫。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

However,thenewlaw,oncepassed,will（）theBridlingtonagreementillegalbygivingworkerstherighttojoinunionsoftheirchoice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convert

B.render

C.cancel

D.eliminate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convert“轉(zhuǎn)換”；B選項(xiàng)render“致使”；C選項(xiàng)cancel“取消”；D選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除”。句意：然而，新法律一旦通過，將導(dǎo)致布里德靈頓協(xié)議非法，因?yàn)楣と擞袡?quán)加入他們自己選擇的工會(huì)。本句表示導(dǎo)致協(xié)議非法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Itisnecessarythatthemembershipapplicationsshouldbedispatchedimmediately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposedof

B.sentin

C.sentoff

D.filledout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposedof“處理”；B選項(xiàng)sentin“遞送”；C選項(xiàng)sentoff“寄出”；D選項(xiàng)filledout“填寫”。句意：有必要立即發(fā)出會(huì)員申請(qǐng)。劃線部分dispatched是發(fā)出的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime.Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite.

TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme.Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople.Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology.

Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople.Inotherwords,themythologychangestoexplainandrecordactualhistoricalevents.

However,historyhasnotbeentheonlyelementatworkinchangingandmythologizingIndianreligion.Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass.

1.Indianmythology（）.

2.Ancientbeliefsandmyths（）.

3.Indianreligionis（）.

4.Thecastesystemis（）.

5.ThenumberofgodsinIndianmythologyis（）.

6.Historicalcircumstanceslikedynasticchangesandinvasionsare（）.

7.Historically,Brahminshavebeen（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isafairlyrecentdevelopment

B.diedoutlongagointhebeliefsofthepeople

C.heldswayforcenturiesbutnowdoesnotaffectthepeople

D.stillfiguresinthelivesandbeliefsofmostIndians

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenremolded,tofitnewhistoricalevents

B.arediscardedwhennolonger-immediatelyrelevant

C.weremadeupbythepriests

D.wereforbiddenbythepriests

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pantheistic

B.polytheistic

C.monotheistic

D.atheistic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.encouragedbythepriests

B.encouragedbythegovernment

C.immoralaccordingtoIndianmythology

D.illegal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.constantlyincreasing

B.slowlydecreasing

C.constant

D.rapidlydecreasing

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.reflectedinthemythology

B.totallyseparatefromthemythology

C.foretoldinIndianmythology

D.criticizedinthemythology

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.warriors

B.rulers

C.oflittleinfluencewiththemasses

D.akindoflinkbetweentherulersandthemasses

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：是最近才發(fā)展起來的；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間），因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B：很久以前就在人們的信仰中消失了；C：統(tǒng)治了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，但現(xiàn)在不影響人們；D：在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在。第一段最后一句指出：Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite（與大多數(shù)國(guó)家，特別是西方國(guó)家的神話不同，印度神話仍然是從文盲大眾到受過教育的精英階層的社會(huì)各階層人民生活文化的一部分）。由此可知，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不正確，D項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在”正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：經(jīng)常被重塑，以適應(yīng)新的歷史事件；題干問的是“古代信仰和神話……”，由此可定位至第二段開頭：TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme（印度人總是傾向于保留早期的信仰，并將其塑造為反映新的社會(huì)條件或?qū)⑦@些早期的信仰融入新的哲學(xué)體系），由此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。B：當(dāng)不再是直接相關(guān)時(shí)被丟棄；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間），因此，印度古代信仰和神話并未被丟棄過，B項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。C：都是祭司編出來的；D：被祭司禁止。文章對(duì)于祭祀的描述僅存在于最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth（另一個(gè)不太公開承認(rèn)的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話將他們的原始神靈編織進(jìn)婆羅門更復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們?cè)诖蟊娭械臋?quán)力和影響力）。由此可知，古代信仰和神話是祭司或婆羅門編造出來的，也并非被祭司禁止，C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題選A。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：泛神論的；B：多神論的；C：一神論的；D：無神論的。第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople（這種趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加，盡管幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，牧師和哲學(xué)家試圖將泛神論或一神論強(qiáng)加給人們）。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：種姓制度受到祭司的支持，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；B：種姓制度受到政府的支持，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；C：在印度神話中不道德的，原文只是說“在印度神話中被合法化”，因此此項(xiàng)不符合原文所述；D：非法，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thecastesystem可定位至第二段最后一句：Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology（牧師職位的另一個(gè)失敗之處是消除了種姓制度。種姓制度被視為非法，但在印度神話中被合法化），因此D項(xiàng)“非法”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：不斷地增加；B：慢慢減少；C：不變的，恒定的；D：速降。第二段指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing（這種趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加），由此可知，印度神話中神的數(shù)量“不斷增加”，故選A項(xiàng)。

6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在神話中被反映；B：完全脫離神話；C：在印度神話中被預(yù)言；D：在神話中被批判。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞如Historicalcircumstances，dynastic等可定位至文章第三段：Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople（印度神話是栩栩如生的神話，隨著歷史環(huán)境而逐漸發(fā)展，如王朝的變化，經(jīng)濟(jì)條件，以及印度人民所經(jīng)歷的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩），因此，A項(xiàng)“由神話反映”正確。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題，各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：勇士，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；B：統(tǒng)治者；C：對(duì)群眾的影響不大；D：一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Brahmins可定位至最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass（另一個(gè)不太被公開承認(rèn)的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話的方式，將他們?cè)嫉纳窬幦肫帕_門更為復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們對(duì)大眾的權(quán)力和影響。通過這種方式，不是政治統(tǒng)治者的婆羅門保持和鞏固了對(duì)群眾的權(quán)力，從而確保了自己在皇帝階級(jí)中的地位和威望），由此可推斷出，婆羅門歷來是“一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶”，并且不是“統(tǒng)治者”，對(duì)群眾有一定的影響力，因此B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)正確。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.Tosummonthesandtocomerushinginandpluguphisearswithitsroaringsilence.

Meanwhile,themotherarmsherselfwithreturnsfromthelasttrip.HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.Onsummernights,whenit’slightuntilafterthefirefliesarrive,theairisheavyandmoist.Thedaughtersunrolltheirwindowsandstickthewholeoftheirheadsoutintotheslatebluesky,feelingfullforcethesweaty,honeysuckleair.Inthecoldmall,theirrubbersolessqueakonshinylinoleumsquares.Theyoungerdaughtertriesnottosteponanycracks.Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.

Itisnotuntilthethirdor,onagoodnight,thefourtherrandthatthetroublebegins.Thegirlshavewanderedovertoexaminerainbowbeachtowels,perhaps,orsomekindofpinkruffledbedspread.Themother’svoicefindsthemfromafewaislesaway.

Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.Theolderoneshakesherponytailsattheyoungerone.Herblueeyeshissthecareful-don’t-crywarning,buttheyoungerone’scheeksonlygetredder.Toebytoe,thedaughtersedgetowardshousewareswheretheyfingerlaceplacematsortracepatternsinthestorecarpetwithsneakeredsoles.Themother’svoicestillfindsthem,shakingwithrage.Finally,heelsslappinginhersandals,shestridestowardsthemandthenkeepsgoing.Theyfollow,catchingherword-trail,“Stupidpeople.Stupid,stupid,stupid.IHATEstupidpeople.”It’sthelittleskipsbetweenstepstheyoungeronetakestokeepupwithhermother’stong,angrylegs.It’sthecardoorslammingandtheseatbeltbuckleyankedintoplace.It’sthosethingsthattellthedaughtershowthenextfewhourswillgo.

Inthecar,theolderonesighsandgrindsherbackteeth.Theyoungeronefeelsherfacegethotterandhereyesstarttoswell.Shestaresatanicecreamstainonthebackofthefrontseatandseesapony,aflower,andafairyinthatsplashofchocolatemintchip.Themotherbeginsonbothatonce.“Andwhenwegethome,ifyourshoesarestillintheTVroom,I’mthrowingthemout.Sameforbooks.Nomoreshithouse.Nomorelazy,ungratefulk