Unit 4 Looking good,feeling good Grammar and usage 課件-高中英語牛津譯林版(2020)必修第一冊

1、Section BGrammar and usageVocabulary 1. pressureunder pressure 在壓力下reduce pressure 減輕壓力put sb. under pressure 置某人于壓力之下put pressure on sb.給某人施加壓力be/come under pressure to do sth.面臨做某事的壓力air/water/blood pressure氣壓/水壓/血壓the pressures of work 工作壓力 press vt. 按；壓；催促，敦促練習：I know studying is very important,

2、 but my parents put too much _ (press) on me.pressure2. contributecontribute.to.向捐贈；為撰稿contribute to sth/doing sth 造成/促成某事；是的原因之一contribution n.貢獻；捐款；投稿make a contribution to (doing) sth 對做出貢獻contributor n.投稿人；捐款人；作出貢獻者練習：Rosa Parks made a great _ (contribute) to the civil-rights movement in the U.

3、S.contribution3. memoryin memory of紀念from memory 根據(jù)記憶beyond ones memory 某人記不得in/within ones memory 在某人記憶中short-term memory 短時記憶memorize v.記住，記憶練習：He founded the charity in memory _ his late wife.of4. attackan attack on 對的襲擊/抨擊launch/make an attack 發(fā)起/進行攻擊under attack 受到攻擊have/suffer a heart attack 心

4、臟病發(fā)作attack sb. with sth.用某物襲擊某人attack sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而抨擊某人get attacked 受到攻擊attacker n.攻擊者練習：How will they react when the attackers get _ (attack)?attacked5. amountin amount總之；總計in large(small)amounts大(少）量地，大(小)批地a large amount of大量的large amounts of大量的amount to. 共計，合計a large amount of+不可數(shù)

5、名詞+謂語動詞單數(shù)形式large amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞復數(shù)形式練習：There _ a large amount of food in the store.is6. scheduleahead of schedule 提前on schedule 按時間表，準時behind schedule 落后于預定計劃be scheduled for 預定；安排be scheduled to do sth 預計做某事練習：The new bridge has been finished two years ahead _ schedule.ofLeading in參考答案： One o

6、f the reasons why people fail to get a goodnights sleep is pressure from school or work. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not get enough sleep may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers.關系副詞引導的限制性

7、定語從句限制性定語從句是定語從句的一種，限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，表現(xiàn)為先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語，若省略，所修飾主句的內容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關系十分密切，寫時不可用逗號分開。限制性定語從句由關系詞(關系代詞、關系副詞）引導，其中關系副詞用以修飾表示時間、地點或理由的先行詞，在從句中作狀語。This is the town where I was born.這就是我出生的城鎮(zhèn)。We dont know the reason why he didnt show up.我們不知道他為什么沒有來。定義Ill never forget the day when

8、 I first met you.我永遠不會忘記第一次見你的那天。What is the name of the village where we stayed yesterday?我們昨天待過的那個村子叫什么名字?The reason why he didnt come was unknown.他沒來的原因還不清楚。常見的關系副詞（1）關系副詞 where where引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞（如place，room，house，spot，school，country等），在從句中作地點狀語。They went into the hall where the meeting

9、was being held.他們走進正在開會的大廳。 where既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以引導非限制性定語從句。Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.伽利略住在比薩城，那里有座大約180英尺高的斜塔。關系副詞where?？捎谩敖樵~(in/on/at/from) +which”來代替。The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.他工作的辦公室離這兒不遠。Japan is the plac

10、e where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震頻繁爆發(fā)的地方。where有時還可用在“含有抽象地點意義的名詞”后引導定語從句，如 relationship“在關系中”，situation“在情況下”，point“達到程度”等，這些詞雖然不是表示地點的名詞，但在從句中表達的是“某個點或狀態(tài)”的含義。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is

11、 right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。辨析：where 引導的定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別引導定語從句時，where是關系副詞，在從句中作地點狀語，其前有表示地點的名詞作先行詞，從句修飾先行詞。引導狀語從句時，where是從屬連詞，從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點的名詞。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.（定語從句）他使自己陷入了一種危險的情況，他很可能會失去對飛機的控制。When you read th

12、e book, youd better make a mark where you have questions.（狀語從句）讀這本書的時候，你最好在有疑問的地方做一下標記。（2）關系副詞whenwhen引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞（如 time，day，week，month，year等），在從句中作時間狀語。He came at a time when I least expected him.他在我最意料不到的時候來了。Ill never forget the day when I left for college with my father.我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去大

13、學的那天。when可以引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。Well put off the trip until next month, when the weather may be warmer.我們將旅行推遲到下個月，那時天氣可能會暖和一點。關系副詞 when有時可用“介詞(on/in/at.)+which”代替。I still remember the day when (on which) I joined the Youth League.我仍然記得我加入共青團的那一天。（3）關系副詞whywhy一般只用于引導限制性定語從句，先行詞是reason等表示原因的名詞，在從句中作原因狀

14、語。Do you know the reason why she burst into tears?你知道她突然大哭的原因嗎？關系副詞why有時可用“介詞(for)+which”代替。The reason why (for which) he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard.他這次考試成功的原因是他學習非常努力。關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇當先行詞是表示時間的time，day等或表示地點的place，house等時，一定要注意分析從句的結構。如果從句缺少主語或賓語，應用關系代詞that或which；如果從句缺少時間狀語或地點狀語，

15、應用關系副詞when或where。Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together.（which/that在從句中作 spent的賓語）我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.（which/that在從句中作主語）他父親在一家生產(chǎn)無線電零件的工廠里工作。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. （where在從句中作地點狀語）我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆

16、除了。Rewrite the following sentences using relative adverbs or preposition + which.1. I did not perform well at school last week. The reason was my poor-quality sleep.The reason why I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.或 The reason for which I did not perform well at sc

17、hool last week was my poor-quality sleep.2. I miss those days. I used to sleep really well in those days.Those were the days when I used to sleep really well.或 Those were the days in which I used to sleep really well.3. The hospital is near my home. I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.或 The hospital in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.4. I still remember that afternoon. That afternoo