ship-knowledge(英文版船舶知識)2課件

1、Lecture 1. Ship Types and shipwiseShips types and important characteristics for different ships.Ships terms.Ship knowledge2. Ship design 3. Ship form & performance 5. Forces on a ship6. Ship structure7. Ship propulsion8. Ship vibration & noise9. Ship stability4. The building of a ship10. Offshore st

2、ructures 1. Ship types and shipwiseIn this chapter, different types of ships and their characteristics are introduced. Some pictures of ships are shown. The contents include:(continued)Ship knowledgeLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship types - Oil tankersAn oil tanker, also known as a petroleum t

3、anker, is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil.Oil TankerOil tankerTanker (液貨船)， chemical tanker, Liquefied Petroleum Gas tankerLiquefied Natural Gas tankerBulk liquid cargo Individual tanksLongitudinal and transverse bulkheadsDischargeCargo pumpOil tankerPump roomSuction, draw upDouble bot

4、tomLight ship, empty voyageLoaded voyagesSlop tanks (on ballast tank) for storing contaminated residueLarge amounts of pipingDischarge manifoldOilTanker ConstructionBulk/orecarrier constructionCenter hold forOreHigh double bottom(for ballast and raising center of gravity)Ship knowledgeCrude oil tank

5、ersCharacteristics:Having a limited number of tanks, normally having 2-3 slop tanks.Double-hull is required, according to new rules.Crude oil is the rawproduct as pumped outof the earth, only cleanedfrom water and sand.Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesTo carry crude oil from a loading po

6、rt near an oil field to a refinery.Ship knowledgeCrude oil tankersTypes:Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) 300,000 dwt.Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) 200,000 300,000 dwtSuezmax (old max draught) ca. 150,000-160,000 dwtAframax (standard size tank of ca. 105,000 dwt.)Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1.

7、Ship typesThe large draught of ULCCs and VLCCs restricts the sailing routes and the ports for loading and discharging the oil. Ship knowledgeProduct tankersLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship types“Produce” refers to the products of refineries and the petrochemical industries, contrary to crude

8、oil.Smaller tankers, ranging from well under 10,000DWT to 80,000DWT Panamax vessels, generally carry refined petroleum products, and are known as product tankers.Possible cargo:oil products, like gasoline, diesel oil, lubricating oil vegetable oilwine drinking waterorange juice The supertankers can

9、often not enter port fully loaded. These ships can take on their cargo at off-shore platforms and single-point moorings. On the other end of the journey, they often pump their cargo off to smaller tankers at designated lightering points off-coast. A supertankers routes are generally long, requiring

10、it to stay at sea for extended periods, up to and beyond 70 days at a time.Ship knowledgeLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship types - Oil tankersShip knowledgeLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship types - Oil tankersCoatings PSPCAll tankers subject to the Common Structural Rules must comply wit

11、h Performance Standard Protective Coating established by the IMO.Ship knowledgeLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship types - Oil tankersShip knowledgeLNG/LPG tankersgas pressurisedlow temperatureliquid Space 1/600Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesShip knowledgeLNG/LPG tankers3 main cate

12、gories:Pressurized ships, cargo under pressure at ambient temperature,Fully insulated / fully refrigerated ships, cargo at atmospheric pressure at low temperature,Semi pressurized shipsFully pressurized ships:For LPG, 8 Bar pressure in moderate temperature, 15 Bar pressure under tropical circumstanc

13、es.Fully refrigerated ships:For LPGs, -42oC; For LNGs, -162oCLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesShip knowledgeLNG/LPG tankersIn all gas tankers,the tanks are kept under a small positive pressure, to prevent air to enter the tank, what could create an explosive mixture,loading and unloading

14、 is carried out in a completely closed system,The gas cargo is carried in independent tanks.In case of leakage, the liquid should never be in contact with the prime construction.Characteristics:total tank capacity(m3)maximal tank pressureminimal cargo temperaturetime need for loading and discharging

15、cooling down timeInerting capacityLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesShip knowledgeLNG/LPG tankers4 Tanks types:Tank of flat panel construction, inside a hold (for fully refrigerated cargos)Spherical steel tank placed in a hold (for fully refrigerated cargos)Cylindrical, horizontal tanks (

16、for fully pressurized cargos)Box-type Membrane tanksLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesShip knowledgeLNG/LPG tankersLecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship types The tank boundary structures are to be designed to withstand cargo sloshing pressure. The CSR incorporate a procedure for sloshi

17、ng assessment.Sloshing Sloshing and slamming in prismatic LNG tanks are of main concern.LNG ConstructionShip knowledgePassenger ShipsExpected featuresspeedcomfortsafetyreliabilityconvenienceCharacteristics:Equipped with good air conditioning system.Equipped with stabilizers or anti-rolling fins to l

18、imit rolling angle to 2 degree, ultimately 4 degree.Number of persons on board can be as high as 4000.Crew is half or 2/3 of that total persons.Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesPassenger ShipPassenger Ship constructionShip knowledgePassenger ShipsSafety:The demands are stated in the SOLA

19、S, “Construction-Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction.Part A: GeneralPart B: Fire safety measures for passenger ships.Part C: Fire safety measures for cargo ships.Part D: Fire safety measures for tankers.Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise 1. Ship typesHovercraft Ship knowledgeLecture 1 S

20、hip types & shipwise 1. Ship typesWhy a Hovercraft?A well-designed hovercraft is superior to a boat because It has less drag and requires less horsepower to operate. 100% more fuel-efficient than a boat with similar capacity or size. Rising fuel prices and shortages will make the hovercraft a desira

21、ble form of transportation.Hovercraft ride much smoother than boats because they travel over the surface of the water, not through it. with no concern for depth or hidden obstacles. go against the current of a river with no speed reduction. an excellent rescue vehicle.Ship knowledgeIn summary, what

22、we have learnt in this chapter: Ships types, especially the displacement ship, such as container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers, passenger ships and LNG/LPG, and the characteristics for each type.Ships terms.Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise一般狀況檢驗GENERAL CONDITION SURVEY在該輪大副在場的情況下進行了一般狀況檢驗，除某年7 月2

23、5 日簽發(fā)的起租檢驗報告No.XXXXXX 中所述的外，未發(fā)現(xiàn)有進一步的損壞。General condition，survey was carried out in the presence of the ships Chief Officer and no further damage was found except those described in on-hire survey report No.XXXXXX dated July 25。各貨艙的腐蝕情況敘述如下：The details of corrosion condition in cargo holds were descr

24、ibed as follows:據(jù)該輪船長告稱該輪于某年11月25日在Banar Abbas 港卸下34,696公噸磷酸鹽后，經(jīng)貨物檢驗師的同意，根據(jù)承租人的指示，各貨艙僅作了清潔打掃。在某年11 月26日至12月14日期間，該輪在Banar Abbas 港裝載鋼塊和鋼筋。當 該輪航行至上海并于某年1月17日至27日期間卸貨后，船長發(fā)現(xiàn)所有貨艙均有腐蝕痕跡，油漆大面積剝落。It was stated by the ships Master that after the ship discharging 34,696 M/T of Diammonium phosphate at Banar Ab

25、bas on Nov. 25,(year), the cargo holds were only swept clean as instructed by the Charterer in consequence of the cargo surveyors agreement. The ship loaded steel slabs & bars still at Banar Abbas during the period of Nov. 26 Dec. 14, (year). After the ship sailed to Shanghai and discharged from Jan

26、. 17 to 27, (year), the Master found all cargo holds showing signs of corrosion and large areas of paint peeled off.檢驗查明UPON THE SURVEY FOUND在所有貨艙內(nèi)，兩端橫艙壁、兩舷船殼板及肋骨、頂邊艙和下底邊艙斜板、艙口圍板、內(nèi)底板均有不同程度的腐蝕，特別是，油漆脫落或剝落都集中在所有貨艙兩端橫艙壁的下部。除第5貨艙后平面艙壁和第1貨艙前平面艙壁外，其它橫艙壁均為槽形艙壁。在平面艙壁上的油漆呈均勻剝落，槽形艙壁上的油漆僅在凸面剝落。In all cargo hol

27、ds, both end transverse bulkheads, both side shell plating & frames, sloping platings of topside tanks & lower hopper tanks, hatch coamings and inner bottom plating were corroded in various degrees, and especially detached or peeled paint concentrated at the lower parts of both end transverse bulkhe

28、ads in all holds. Except the aft plane bulkhead in No.5 hold and fore plane bulkhead in No.1 hold the remaining transverse bulkheads are of corrugated type. The paint on plane bulkheads was uniformly peeled and paint on corrugated bulkheads peeled only on convex surfaces.所有貨艙均可以明顯地發(fā)現(xiàn)以前裝載的散裝化肥的裝貨痕跡，即

29、均在頂邊艙斜板的下面。艙壁、船殼板以及肋骨的銹蝕的情況相同。In all cargo holds, the top loading marks of fertilizer in bulk previously carried could be obviously found, i.e. all below the sloping plating of topside tanks. The bulkheads, shell plating and frames were corroded and rusted in similar condition.所有貨艙的槽形艙壁凸面的下部和平面艙壁的下部

30、大面積油漆剝落處，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)剩余的油漆約有3-4層并也已脫落，油漆鏟除后，發(fā)現(xiàn)下面的鋼板已腐蝕。槽形艙壁凹面的油漆沒有剝落，但有小的和很小的銹點以及脫落。銹蝕遍及所有艙壁的上部。On the lower parts of the convexities of the corrugated bulkheads andthe plane bulkheads in all holds where large areas of paint were peeled off, theremaining paint could be found to be superimposed with approx.

31、3-4 coatings and also detached, and after the paint thereon being chopped off, the steel plates behind were found corroded. The paint on the concavities of the corrugated bulkheads wasnt peeled off, but rusted in minor & very minor spots and detached. Corrosion and rust spread all over the upper par

32、ts of the bulkheads.油漆剝落情況PAINT PEELING-OFF CONDITION:第一貨艙No.1 Cargo Hold后槽形橫艙壁在10 米及以下范圍內(nèi)的凸面上的油漆大面積剝落約為總面積的1/3。Large areas of paint on the convexities at and below the height of 10m of the aft corrugated transverse bulkhead were peeled off about 1/3 of total area.前平面橫艙壁下部的油漆少量成條狀剝落。Very minor paint

33、 on the lower partof fore plane transverse bulkhead was peeled off in strips.兩舷底邊艙的斜邊板上的油漆成條狀剝落并有不大于總面積的1/4的油漆脫落。The paint on the sloping plating of both side hopper tanks was peeled off in strips and detached less than 1/4 of total area.兩舷肋骨面板上的油漆少量剝落。Minor paint on the face plates of both sidefram

34、es was peeled off.第二貨艙No.2 Cargo Hold前槽形橫艙壁在5米及以下范圍內(nèi)的凸面上的油漆少量剝落。Minor paint onthe lower parts of convexities at and below the height of 5m of the fore & aftcorrugated bulkheads was peeled off.兩舷底邊艙的斜邊板上的油漆少量剝落。Minor paint on the sloping plating ofboth side hopper tanks was peeled off.第三貨艙No.3 Cargo

35、Hold后槽形橫艙壁在4米及以下范圍內(nèi)的凸面上的油漆呈大面積剝落，約少于總面積的二分之一。在4 米以上范圍內(nèi)的凸面上的油漆呈少量剝落。Large areas ofpaint on the convexities at and below the height of 4m of the aft corrugated bulkhead was peeled off less than 1/2 of total area and minor paint on convexities above the height of 4m was peeled off.前槽形橫艙壁在5米及以下范圍內(nèi)的凸面上的油

36、漆呈大面積剝落，在中部約船寬1/3處約為總面積的二分之一。Large area of paint on the convexities at andbelow the height of 5.0m of the fore corrugated transverse bulkhead and at middle about 1/3 of ships breadth was peeled off approx. 1/2 of total area.兩舷底邊艙的斜邊板上的油漆呈大面積剝落，約為總面積的二分之一。Largearea of paint on sloping plating of both

37、 side hopper tanks was peeled off approx. of total area.肋骨面板上的油漆少量剝落。Minor paint on the face plates of frames waspeeled off.第五貨艙No.5 Cargo Hold后平面橫艙壁在3.5米及以下處的油漆呈大面積剝落，約為總面積的五分之一。Large area of paint at and below the height of 3.5m of the aft plane transverse bulkhead was peeled off approx. 1/2 of to

38、tal area.前槽形橫艙壁在4 米及以下范圍內(nèi)的凸面上的油漆除兩舷外全部剝落。The paint on the convexities at and below the height of 4m of the fore corrugated transverse bulkhead was peeled off all over except on both sides.兩舷底邊艙的斜邊板上的油漆少量成條狀或點狀剝落。Minor paint on the sloping plating of both side hopper tanks was peeled off in strips or

39、 spots.所有貨艙內(nèi)的內(nèi)底板都被以前裝運的貨物的剩余物（塊狀或粉狀的）覆蓋，僅發(fā)現(xiàn)少量部位處的油漆剝落。The inner bottom plating in all cargo holds was generally covered with remnants (agglomerated or powdery) from cargo previously carried and the paint thereon was found peeled off only at minor locations.下列署名的驗船師的意見（無偏見）THE UNDERSIGNEDS OPINION WI

40、THOUT PREJUDICE總之，所有貨艙的內(nèi)部構(gòu)件均腐蝕，即油漆均有不同程度的銹蝕、脫落和剝落。In general, the interior structural members in all cargo holds were corroded, i.e.the paint was rusted, detached and peeled off in various degrees.所有貨艙內(nèi)都能明顯發(fā)現(xiàn)以前裝運化肥的痕跡，它們均在頂邊艙斜底板和船殼板的交接處。船殼板、肋骨和橫艙壁在裝運痕跡以上也有不同程度的腐蝕。船殼板、肋骨和橫艙壁在裝運痕跡的以上和以下的的腐蝕程度相似。The top loading marks of chemical fertilizer previously carried in all cargo holds could be obviously found, they wer