計(jì)算機(jī)常用英文名詞

1、Software engin eeri ng軟件工程Codi ng編碼Software life cycle軟件生存周期test ing測試System engin eeri ng and an alysis系統(tǒng)工程與分析Maintenance維護(hù)Software requireme nt an alysis軟件需求分析Requireme nt an alysis需求分析Backgro und study背景研究Software desig n軟件設(shè)計(jì)Maintain able desig n可維護(hù)性設(shè)計(jì)Data-drive n desig n數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)Top-dow n function

2、al desig n自頂向下的功能設(shè)計(jì)Module test ing模塊測試Un it test ing單元測試Boun dary con diti on邊界條件In tegrati on testi ng綜合測試，集成測試。Function test功能測試。Performa nee test性能測試。Validated system確認(rèn)了的系統(tǒng)Accepta nee test驗(yàn)收測試Debuggi ng調(diào)試Error correct ion糾錯(cuò)In stallati ontest安裝測試Software quality assura nee軟件質(zhì)量保證Software sta ndard軟

3、件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Verified system經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的系統(tǒng)Docume ntati on文檔（編制）Desig n review設(shè)計(jì)評審High-levl docume ntati on高級文檔（編制）Detail docume ntatio n詳細(xì)文檔（編制）Software maintenance軟件維護(hù)Telecom muni cati on protocol遠(yuǎn)程通信協(xié)議Performa nee man ageme nt性能管理Operati onal software操作軟件File inq uiries文件查詢On li ne inq uiries聯(lián)機(jī)查詢DP(data process ing

4、)數(shù)據(jù)處理Office automati on辦公自動(dòng)化Data process ing數(shù)字處理Word process ing字處理Text process ing文本處理Facsimile傳真Desktop publishi ng桌面出版Video conferencing電視會(huì)議技術(shù)Art gallery藝術(shù)畫廊Me nu菜單，選單Toolbar工具條intranet內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)Hyperli nk超鏈接Web page網(wǎng)頁Spreadsheet電子表格Browser瀏覽器Prese ntati on演示（文稿）view視圖，查看Pane窗格database數(shù)據(jù)庫Database man ag

5、eme nt system(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)Man ageme nt in formatio n system管理信息系統(tǒng)User用戶Structured query Ian guage(SQL)結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言Tran sacti on-SQL事務(wù)SQLClie nt/server客戶-服務(wù)器Utility實(shí)用程序Platform平臺Applicati on program in terface(API)應(yīng)用程序接口Data access object(DAO)數(shù)據(jù)訪問對象In tegrated developme nt en viro nmen t(IDE)集成開發(fā)環(huán)境cascadi

6、 ng級聯(lián)Debugger調(diào)試器Editor編輯器Icon圖標(biāo)Data warehouse數(shù)據(jù)倉庫In formati on tech no logy(IT)信息技術(shù)Decisi on support決策支持Operati onal data操作數(shù)據(jù)Platform平臺Tran sacti on事務(wù)（處理）Distrbuted system分布式系統(tǒng)In frastricture基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Clie nt客戶Mass storage大容量存儲器、海量存儲器Data refresh數(shù)據(jù)刷新Information pool信息庫Iterative approach迭代方法Database recove

7、ry數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)Programmi ng Ian guage程序設(shè)計(jì)語言Declarative Ian guage說明性語言Imperative Ian guage命令式語言Algorithm算法Functional Ian guage函數(shù)（式）語言Toke n令牌Dataflow Ian guage數(shù)據(jù)流語言Logic or con stra in t-based Ian guage邏輯或基于約束的語言Prepositi onal logic前置邏輯Goal-directed目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的Stateme nt語句Expressi on表達(dá)式assig nment賦值Von n euma nn Ia

8、n guage馮諾依曼語言O(shè)bject-orie nted Ian guage面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z言Con curre nt la nguage并發(fā)式語言In structi on指令Operati on code操作碼Oprrand操作數(shù)Mnemon ic助記的Symbolic address符號地址Assembler匯編程序，匯編器Source program源程序Object program目標(biāo)程序High-level la nguage咼級語言Macroin structi on宏命令complier編譯程序Program flowchart程序流程圖Module模塊Macrochart宏流程

9、圖Microchart微流程圖Subrouti ne子例程Programmi ng con trol structure編程控制結(jié)構(gòu)Seque nee structure順序結(jié)構(gòu)Selectio n structure選擇結(jié)構(gòu)Loop structure循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)Structured program ming結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計(jì)Reusability可重用性Even t-drive n program ming事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的程序設(shè)計(jì)Object-orie nted program ming面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)Procedure過程ide ntity標(biāo)示，身份En capsulati on包裝，封裝Data

10、hidi ng數(shù)據(jù)隱藏In herita nee繼承性Polymorphism多態(tài)性Portable可移植的ANSI美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)會(huì)Excepti on異常Breakpo int斷點(diǎn)Watch point查看斷點(diǎn)Debugger調(diào)試程序，排錯(cuò)程序robust魯棒，穩(wěn)健，健壯Job man ageme nt作業(yè)管理Resource man ageme nt資源管理Job queue作業(yè)隊(duì)列Input/output control system(IOCS)輸入輸出控制系統(tǒng)Batch system批處理系統(tǒng)Time-shared operati ng system分時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)Offline oper

11、ati on脫機(jī)操作Real-time system實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)Bufferi ng緩沖技術(shù)Spooli ng system假脫機(jī)系統(tǒng)Multiprogram ming多道程序設(shè)計(jì)File文件Sin gle-level directory單級目錄File system文件系統(tǒng)Acyclic graph directory非循環(huán)圖目錄Lin ked allocati on鏈接分配In dexed allocati on索引式分配Tree-structure directory樹結(jié)構(gòu)目錄Logic record邏輯記錄Volume卷Con tiguous allocati on接續(xù)分配Two-leve

12、l directory樹結(jié)構(gòu)目錄Desktop operati ng system桌面操作系統(tǒng)Loadi ng bala ncing負(fù)載均衡Symmetric multi process in g(SMP)對稱式多處理Encrypting file system(EFS)加密文件系統(tǒng)Virtual private network(VPN)虛擬專用網(wǎng)Quality of service(QoS)服務(wù)質(zhì)量New tech no logy file system(NTFS)NT文件系統(tǒng)Public key(PK)公鑰Dyn amic doma in n ame system(DDNS)動(dòng)態(tài)域名系統(tǒng)T

13、otal cost of own ership(TCO)總擁有成本Con curre ntly并發(fā)地System call系統(tǒng)調(diào)用Tape drive磁帶機(jī)In terpreter解釋程序Modem調(diào)制解調(diào)器File文件Termi nal終端Directory目錄Multiuser多用戶Subdirectory子目錄Multitask多任務(wù)Redirect ion重定向Divice-i ndepe ndent（與）設(shè)備無關(guān)的Source code源代碼Kernel內(nèi)核In formati ong process ing信息處理Hardware硬件Main memory主存儲器Cen tral

14、process ing un it(CPU)中央處理器bus總線Gen eral-purpose mach ine通用（計(jì)算）機(jī)Microcomputer微型計(jì)算機(jī)Special-purpose mach ine專用（計(jì)算）機(jī)In structi on指令Mai nframe主機(jī)，特大型機(jī)Set of in structi ong指令集，指令系統(tǒng)Even-parity偶校驗(yàn)Odd-parity奇校驗(yàn)Parity check ing奇偶校驗(yàn)Con trol unit控制器，控制部件Arithmetic and logic un it(ALU)算術(shù)/邏輯部件register寄存器Mach ine

15、Ian guage機(jī)器語言Cache高速緩沖存儲器，高速緩存Magn etic disk磁盤Main memory主存儲器Paged virtual memory頁式虛擬存儲器Ran dom-access memory(RAM)隨即（訪問）存儲器Read-o nly memory(ROM)只讀存儲器Compace disk ROM(CD-ROM)只讀光盤Disk drive磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器Floppy disk軟磁盤Magn etic tape磁帶Register file寄存器組Real memory(storage)實(shí)存儲器Late ncy等待時(shí)間Hard disk硬（磁）盤Code con v

16、ers ion代碼轉(zhuǎn)換Memory-mapped I/O存儲器映射I/OIn errupt中斷Path通路，路徑Multiprocessor多處理器Direct memory access(DMA)直接存儲器存取Channel信道，通道Bufferi ng緩沖Accumulator累加器Peripheral外圍，外圍設(shè)備Load裝入，加載synchronous同步的asynchronous異步的Adapter適配器Distributed分布式（的）Timi ng定時(shí)，同步Chip-H- LJL 心片polli ng輪詢Un io n并Set algebra集合代數(shù)In tersect ion交

17、Vertex頂點(diǎn)Edge邊Graph圖loop環(huán)Gen eralizati on概括，推廣In duct ion歸納法An alogy類比Recurs ion遞歸Matchi ng匹配Algorithm算法Reduced in structi on set computer(RISC)精簡指令系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)Pipeli ne流水線Complex in struct ion set computer(CISC)復(fù)雜指令系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)Mach ine cycle機(jī)器周期Microprocessor微處理器In tegrated circuit(IC)集成電路Prototype原型un iprocess i

18、ng單處理（技術(shù)）parallelism并行性throughput吞葉量Resource shari ng資源共享Thread線程Symmetric對稱的Asymmetric非對稱的Master processor主處理器Slave processor從處理器Computer performa nee計(jì)算機(jī)性能Ben chmark program基準(zhǔn)程序CAD(computer-aided desig n)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)CAM(computer-aided manu facturi ng)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造CAE(computer-aided engin eeri ng)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程Product cycle產(chǎn)品周期Feasibility可行性Qualitative定性的Iterati on迭代Data redu ndancy數(shù)據(jù)冗余ERP(e nterprise resource pla nning)企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃feedback反饋Video game視頻游戲Render渲染Resolutio n分辨率Pattern模式Vector矢量，向量Template模板Dummy虛化Laser prin ter激光打印機(jī)Pen plotter筆繪儀Compressi o