動詞不定式高考總復習用

1、關于動詞不定式高考總復習用第1頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四一、不定式結構作主語 To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. To persevere means victory! 注：在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置： Its a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 注：這種后置不定式的結構也適用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞的句子，如： It took us

2、 five hours to get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.第2頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四注：不定式結構的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯觯部梢杂伞?for + 名詞詞組” 來表示，如： It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for me to do the work.注：某些形容詞在上述結構中作表語時，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名詞詞組” 來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況，如：

3、 Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its very nice of you to be so considerate. Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal. It was careless of her to make such a mistake. 第3頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四二、不定式結構作表語1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the peopl

4、e. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以 what 引導的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. My suggestion is to start wo

5、rk at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注：在某些句型中，當主語部分有動作動詞do 時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號 “to”，如： All we have to do is push the button. The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. All I could do was send him a telegram. 第4頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四三、不定式結構作動詞賓語1“動詞 + 帶 to 的不定式結構”。這類動詞常見

6、的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如： Ive arranged to meet him at ten oclock. I didnt expect to find you here.2“動詞 + 疑問詞 +

7、帶 to 的不定式結構”。（這種不定式結構接近一個名詞從句）。這類動詞常見的有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。 疑問詞（也稱連接代/副詞）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如： I dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / wh

8、en to stop / how to get there. I havent decided whether to sell it or not. We must find out what to do next / where to put it.第5頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四注 ：如果作賓語的不定式結構有自己的補語，則應使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如： I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her. They found it impossible

9、to get everything ready in time.注 ：不定式結構一般不可作介詞賓語, 只有在個別場合, 即在含有否定意義的帶有介詞 except 或 but (=except) 的結構中才能這樣用，例如： He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. The child did nothing except weep. She can do anything but sing. He will do anything for you except lend you money. They could do nothing but

10、wait for the doctors to arrive. 注意不定式符號的省略問題！ 第6頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四四、不定式結構作定語1不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后，如： Its time to go to bed. He is not a man to bow before difficulties. Have you anything to declare? She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening. I want to get something to read

11、 during the vocation.2能帶不定式結構作賓語的動詞，轉化成名詞時往往也能帶不定式結構作定語，如： I dont wish to quarrel with you. I have no wish to quarrel with you. They will attempt to cross the river tonight. They will make another attempt to cross the river tonight. She promised not to do that again. She made a promise not to do tha

12、t again.第7頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四3某些能帶不定式結構作狀語的形容詞，轉化成名詞時，也能帶不定式結構作定語，如： He was obviously anxious to go. His anxiety to go was obvious.4不定式結構與所修飾的名詞，有時意義上有著主謂關系或動賓關系，如： He has a large family to support (= that he must support).注：處于動賓關系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面應加上必要的介詞，如： She has a lot of things to

13、attend to. The nurse has five children to look after. Lets first find a room to put the things in.5有時為了明確不定式結構的邏輯關系，可以在不定式之前加上for + 名詞詞組，如： Heres a book for you to read. He gave orders for the visitors to be shown in. 第8頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四五、不定式結構作狀語 不定式結構可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結果、條件等。1

14、表示目的： They ran over to welcome the delegates. He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. He went home to see his mother.注：不定式結構表示目的時，通常句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語(參見以上三句)，但也有例外的情況，例如： I stopped for him to speak to me. He opened the door for the children to come in. He brought a porter to carry the boxes / ba

15、gs. They sent a man to mend the window. He stood up to be seen better.第9頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四注：為了強調(diào)表示目的的不定式結構，特別是在不定式結構前有否定詞 not 時，通常可以在不定式符號 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as，如： He came here in order to see Charlie. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. He went early in order not to miss the tra

16、in. I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him.注：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，這也是區(qū)別于其他功能的標志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但卻不可以加上so as ，如： To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. (In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.) To get the best results, use clean water. 第10頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20

17、日，12點45分，星期四2. 表示結果：What have I said to make you so angry?He came round to find himself in hospital.不定式結構表示結果更常見于下列句型： so as to Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? such () as to Im not such a fool as to believe that. enough to The boy is old enough to go to school. to

18、o to His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 注意：下列句子中的不表示結果，也無否定含義： Im only too glad to go. (= Im very glad to go.) I shall be only too pleased to get home. (= I shall be very pleased to get home.) only too (adv.) 極; 非常; 太;很 第11頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四 有時，不定式結構還能表示一個隨后發(fā)生的動作，相當于一個并列

19、限定動詞詞組，這種不定式結構也表示結果，如： She woke early to find it was raining. He got home to learn that his father was ill. 這種表示結果的不定式結構具有下列幾個特點： 不定式所表示的動作是隨后發(fā)生的，相當于一個限定動詞詞組，如： He arrived late to find the others had gone home. He arrived late and found the others had gone home. 不定式根據(jù)是否需要停頓而決定與主句是否用逗號隔開。 He left his

20、 native country (,) never to return. He returned home (,) to find his father lying sick in bed. 不定式所表示的結果往往含有“令人意想不到”的意味，其中以“使人不愉快的結果”較為常見。（有時也可以表示令人愉快、驚喜的結果），如： He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.第12頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四 不定式之前有時可以加上only或but only，以加強語氣，如： He got to th

21、e station only to be told the train had gone. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.注：不定式結構表示結果或表示目的，往往形式相似，這時，須根據(jù)詞匯意義認真加以區(qū)別，試比較： He arrived late to find the others had gone home. ( = He arrived late and found the others had gone home.) He arrived late to avoid meeting Robert. ( = He

22、arrived late in order to avoid meeting Robert.) He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. He went to the station to inquire about the times of trains. ( = He went to the station in order to inquire about the times of trains.)3. 表示原因：（不定式所表示的動作先于謂語動詞的動作） She wept to hear the news. I p

23、retend to be happy to know him. He laughed to see such fun. She seemed surprised to meet us.第13頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四六、不定式結構作賓語補足語 Dont force yourself to write when you have nothing to say. He believed the earth to be a globe. Did you see a young man enter the house?1只能用不定式結構作賓語補足語的動詞： 表示“希望”

24、“愿望”等心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。 What do you desire me to do? The director preferred her to act the old lady. 含有“讓”“允許”“促使”“致使”等祈使意義的動詞，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。 We mustnt let this happen again. His father put him to

25、mind the sheep. 帶有“請求”“懇求”等感情色彩的動詞，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。 He begged me not to tell his father about it. She was always worrying her father to take her to Paris.第14頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四含有“建議”“勸告”等意義的動詞，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。 He urged us to accept the compr

26、omise. The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out.含有“命令”“強迫”“禁止”等意義的動詞，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。 He required us to keep it a secret. The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days. I warn you not to do that again.其他還有：help

27、, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。 He promised to teach me to swim. We should train them to make use of reference books. We are waiting for the train to stop.第15頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四2既能用不定式結構又能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞： see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, obser

28、ve, feel, have; imagine, find, discover, like, want, understand, hate, bring, get, leave, set Did you see anyone enter the house? Dont imagine yourself to be always correct. We find him to be dishonest. He set the boys to carry water. Ill leave him to solve the problem for himself.注：有些動詞用不定式與用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓

29、語補足語，所表達的意義是有差別的。一般說來，用不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成（即全過程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作正在進行，即：謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進行，如： Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song. She heard Mr. White singing in the next room.第16頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四注：使用不定式作賓語補足語時

30、，在有些動詞后面，不定式符號to 應當省略。 下列動詞用不定式作賓語補足語時，必須省去不定式符號to：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, hear, listen to He observed someone open the door. I watched them get into the car. Did you notice him leave the room?feel 一詞在使用 to do 型不定式作賓語補足語時，不帶 to；在使用 to be 型不定式時，要帶 to，如： He felt them to

31、be right. Did you feel the earth shake? help 一詞在使用不定式作賓語補足語時，可以帶 to，也可以不帶 to，如： Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework?使用不定式作賓語補足語的句子，改為被動結構以后，賓語補足語就成了主語補足語，這時，“to”不可以省略，如： The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night.第17頁，共23頁，2022年，5月

32、20日，12點45分，星期四不定式的一般式所表示的動作，通常與主要謂語所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或者是在它之后發(fā)生例如：Who heard him say that? They invited us to go there this summer. 如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個不定式就要用完成式，如： Im glad to have seen your mother. (cf. Im glad to see you. )七、不定式的完成式有下列用法1構成復合謂語，如： He is said to have written a new book ab

33、out workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.) The enemy was reported to have surrendered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.) She seemed to have heard about it already.(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)第18頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四2在某些作表語用的形容詞后作

34、狀語，如： You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.) Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.) She was very glad to have done something for the people.3在某些動詞后作賓語，如： He pretended not to have

35、seen me. I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.4有時還可以作主語、定語或構成復合賓語，如： It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village.（主語） So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms.（定語） They thought it a pity not to have invited her.（復合賓語） She felt it an honour to have taken part in the work. （復合賓語） 第19頁，共23頁，2022年，5月20日，12點45分，星期四如果主要謂語所表示的動作（或情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行，這時，不定式就