杭州專版2022年中考英語第24講介詞與數(shù)詞精講本課件

1、 名 詞考情分析預(yù)測介詞考點(diǎn)20212020201920182017介詞的用法與辨析60題(語法填空)53題(語法填空)42題(完形填空)53題(語法填空)介詞的固定搭配38題(完形填空)39、42題(完形填空)46、49題(完形填空)；59題(語法填空)44、46題(完形填空)37、42題(完形填空) 分析近幾年的杭州中考真題可知，介詞是每年必考的重中之重。其考查主要在完形填空和語法填空題中。完形填空主要結(jié)合語境，考查同類介詞(短語)辨析；而語法填空主要考查固定搭配。 近五年介詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)分布如下：介詞Aabout(2020.53)Ffrom(2018.53)Oof(2021.60)ov

2、er(2019.42)Tto(2018.53)than(2018.53)【中考要求】1.掌握表示方位、時間、方式等的常用介詞及介詞短語的用法。2.掌握介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞等常用搭配的用法。介詞考點(diǎn)1：時間介詞A)in，on與at考點(diǎn)探究突破介詞用法示例in用于月、年、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上前。in Marchin 2017in the 21st centuryin spring/summer/autumn/winterin the morning/afternoon/evening考點(diǎn)探究突破注意：在this，last，next，every等詞前面不能再加介詞。如：this

3、 afternoon 今天下午last Friday 上周五 next Sunday 下周日every Monday 每周一on用于具體的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前，也用于星期或節(jié)日前。on June 29th,2011on the evening of May 1ston a cold winter afternoonon that morningon Monday/Tuesdayon Childrens Dayat用于具體的時間點(diǎn)前或黎明、正午、黃昏、午夜前。at 6：30at dawnat noonat nightB)其他常考時間介詞考點(diǎn)探究突破介詞意義與用法例句before“在之前”

4、。Wash hands before dinner.飯前要洗手。after“在之后”，后跟具體時刻用于將來時。 Hell come back after two oclock.他兩點(diǎn)后將回來。 “在之后”，后跟時間段用于過去時。They finished the work after two years.他們兩年后完成了這項工作。 考點(diǎn)探究突破duringduring時間段，表示“在期間”，與延續(xù)性動詞連用表示一段時間段內(nèi)的動作。I enjoyed myself during the summer vacation.我在暑假期間玩得很開心。forfor時間段，指動作延續(xù)貫穿整個過程，謂語動詞須

5、用延續(xù)性動詞。We have known each other for ten years.我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識十年了。考點(diǎn)探究突破from“從開始”，說明開始的時間，謂語可使用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的某種時態(tài)。My family lived in Beijing from 1980 to 2017.我們自1980至2017年一直住在北京。since“自從”，后跟時間點(diǎn)或過去時態(tài)的短語，用于完成時。He has lived here since two years ago.他兩年前就住在這里。until用于否定句中，表示“直到才”，謂語動詞用瞬間性動詞。She doesnt go to bed until

6、11 oclock.直到十一點(diǎn)，她才上床睡覺。用于肯定句中，表示“直到為止”，謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。You must wait until 11 oclock.你必須等到十一點(diǎn)。考點(diǎn)探究突破byby時間點(diǎn)，表示“到為止”，謂語動詞用完成時。We had learnt 1,000 English words by the end of last term.到上學(xué)期期末，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個英語單詞。1.After 202-day flight in space， Tianwen-1 probe successfully entered Mars orbit _ Feb. 10.2.My gra

7、ndfather always gets up six oclock _the morning and plays Tai Chi _an hour.3._ the Spring Festival in 2020， many people didnt return to their hometowns in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19.4.The students usually have their first class _ eight oclock _ the morning.5.The old mans garden is so be

8、autiful _ spring that kids like to play there.on at forinDuring/Inininat考點(diǎn)探究突破介詞意義與用法示例on與表面相接觸。on the floor 在地板上 在任何廣闊的面上。on the farm/moon 在農(nóng)場/月球 接近某地，意為“緊鄰、緊挨”。Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River.武漢緊鄰長江。 考點(diǎn)2：方位介詞A)on，in，at與to考點(diǎn)探究突破in在周圍的環(huán)境是立體(即四面八方都有東西環(huán)繞)的地方。in the city 在城市中in China 在中國 在較大的地方(國家、城市

9、、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、水域等)。in the forest 在森林里in the classroom 在教室里 at用于較小的場所(建筑物、機(jī)關(guān)等)。at home 在家at the station 在車站to表示兩地點(diǎn)隔海相望。Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中國東邊方向。B)over，under，on，below與above(表“上下”)考點(diǎn)探究突破介詞意義與用法例句over“在正上方”，表示兩者不接觸。We can build a bridge over the river.我們可以在這條河上建一座橋。under“在正下方”，表示兩者不接觸。My cat is

10、lying under the chair.我的貓正躺在椅子下面。on“在上方”，指與物體表面接觸。Jims glasses are on his desk.吉姆的眼鏡在他的桌子上。below“在的下方”，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直。The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣蓋過膝蓋。above“在的上方”，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直。The plane is flying above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。 考點(diǎn)探究突破考點(diǎn)探究突破C)near，beside，next to，behind(表“旁邊”)介詞意義例句near在附近My home

11、is near the school.我家在學(xué)校附近。beside在旁邊Come and sit beside me.過來坐在我旁邊。next to緊靠著緊挨著The supermarket is next to the post office.超市緊挨著郵局。behind在后面Li Lei is behind the door.李雷在門后面?？键c(diǎn)探究突破D)between與among介詞用法between用于兩者之間。among用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之中?？键c(diǎn)探究突破E)from，for，to與towards(表“方向”)介詞意義例句from從地點(diǎn)起，常與to連用。How far is

12、 it from our school to the hospital？從我們學(xué)校到醫(yī)院有多遠(yuǎn)？for表示目的地“向”，一般用于固定搭配，如：leave for動身去；start for出發(fā)去。Ill leave for America next week.下周我將動身去美國。to到達(dá)地點(diǎn)(目的地)或方向。He came to Korea in 1980.他1980年來到韓國。towards朝方向、朝向，而不是目的地。He walked towards the gate of the park.他朝著公園大門走去。(大門不是目的地)考點(diǎn)探究突破F)across，over與through介詞用法

13、across表示從表面上橫跨過，常與street，river，playground，bridge等詞連用。over表示從某物表面上或空間范圍之上“通過、越過”。through表示從內(nèi)部空間穿過。6.Eight members of a Chinese team arrived _ the top of Mount Qomolangma successfully.7.Shanghai is _ the east of China. Its one of the busiest cities in the world.8.At last， she found her ID card _ the b

14、ooks on the desk.9. Dont use your mobile phone when you go _ the road. Its dangerous.atinamong across 考點(diǎn)探究突破考點(diǎn)3：方式介詞介詞用法示例byby表示交通工具的名詞。He goes to school by bike.他騎自行車去上學(xué)。 byv.-ing形式，表示“通過方式”。He learns English by listening to the radio.他通過聽收音機(jī)學(xué)英語。 inin語言類或顏色類名詞或工具的具體類型。Please say it in Chinese.請用漢語說

15、它。Dont write in pencil.不要用鉛筆寫。 in.way表示“用的方式”。in this way用這種方式in different ways用不同的方式 考點(diǎn)探究突破on后跟電子產(chǎn)品或通訊工具，表示“通過”。onTV/the radio/the phone通過電視/收音機(jī)/電話。with表示“用”某種工具；身體的某一部位或器官；和一起。Cut the apple with the knife.用刀子切這個蘋果。without表示“沒有”。Without their help，I couldnt finish the task.沒有他們的幫助，我完成不了這個任務(wù)。10.More

16、 and more people in Zhengzhou go to work _ subway now.11.Its popular to send digital red packets _ the Internet during the Spring Festival.12.This story is _ simple English. My little sister can read it.byonin考點(diǎn)探究突破考點(diǎn)4：其他常用介詞介詞用法例句except不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除去”，作“只有除外”講。Everyone is very happy except him.除了

17、他每個人都很開心。besides表示“包括”，相當(dāng)于as well as，作“除了外，還有”講。Besides reading，I also like listening to music.除了讀書，我也喜歡聽音樂?？键c(diǎn)探究突破including包括，包含。Ten people were killed in the traffic accident，including a baby.在這次交通事故中有10個人喪生，其中包括一個嬰兒。as 意為“作為；以身份”，表示事實(shí)。Let me speak to you as a father.作為一位父親讓我跟你談?wù)劇?作連詞時，可表示“照方式”。Whe

18、n in Rome，do as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 考點(diǎn)探究突破like意為“像一樣”，其實(shí)不是事實(shí)。Let me speak to you like a father.讓我像一位父親一樣和你說話。for“給；就(而言)；為了”。Let me do it for you.讓我為你做吧。against“與相反；對不利；緊靠”。Our team played against yours and we won.我們隊和你們隊比賽，我們隊贏了。13.Youd better not hang out after school _ telling your parents. They

19、may worry about you.14.Its a miracle that China has completely won the war _ poverty(貧窮).15.Dont look for excuses for your mistakes. What you should do is to learn _ your mistakes.16.My dream is to become a doctor _ Zhong Nanshan when I grow up.17._ running after success， we have many other meaningf

20、ul things to do in the life.without against from like Besides 考點(diǎn)探究突破考點(diǎn)5：介詞搭配A)介詞與動詞的搭配(即：動詞短語)listen to聽 get on/off上車/下車 hear from收到的來信 look after照顧，照料 do with對付，處置 turn on/off打開/關(guān)掉pay for付款 laugh at嘲笑 look for尋找 worry about擔(dān)心 spend.on花費(fèi) depend on依靠turn up/down調(diào)大/調(diào)小 knock at敲 get to到達(dá) belong to屬于 wa

21、it for等待 think of想起，認(rèn)為agree with同意 talk about談?wù)?regard.as把當(dāng)作ask for請求，向要B)介詞與形容詞的搭配(即：形容詞短語)考點(diǎn)探究突破be good at擅長 be interested in對感興趣be proud of為驕傲；感到自豪 be afraid of害怕 be ready for為做準(zhǔn)備 be late for遲到 be angry with生的氣 be friendly to對友好 be similar to與相似 be absent from缺席 be different from與不同 be famous for

22、因而著名 be harmful to對有害考點(diǎn)探究突破C)介詞與名詞的搭配by bike/bus/train騎自行車/乘公共汽車/乘火車on ones way to在某人去的路上to ones surprise使某人驚奇的是at the end of在盡頭，末尾with/without ones help在有/沒有某人的幫助下on time準(zhǔn)時 on foot步行at the foot of在的腳下 in a mess一塌糊涂 in person親自 in trouble處于困境中 in public公共地考點(diǎn)探究突破D)固定句型make it possible for sb.to do st

23、h.使得某人有可能做某事Its time for sth.做某事的時間到了It isadj.for sb.to do sth.對于某人來說做某事是What does sb.think of. 某人認(rèn)為怎么樣？What/How about. 怎么樣？Thank you for. 謝謝你(的)18.Pollution is a serious problem， so everyone should try to fight _it.19.Andy has bought a dictionary which looks different _ mine.20.Lily is only six yea

24、rs old， but she is very good _ cooking.21.Miss Yang helped her neighbor buy two kilos _ sugar on her way home.22.(2021昆明)Since 1921， the Communist Party of China(中國共產(chǎn)黨) has been leading the Chinese people _ a better life.against from at of to 分析近五年杭州中考真題可知，近四年均有對數(shù)詞的考查，主要在單詞拼寫題中考查基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的拼寫。預(yù)計2022年中考

25、仍以此為主?！局锌家蟆?.理解基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的基本用法。 2.掌握日期、鐘點(diǎn)、年齡、價格、距離、高度和重量的表示方法。數(shù)詞考情分析預(yù)測考點(diǎn)20212020201920182017數(shù)詞67題(單詞拼寫)64題(單詞拼寫)69題(單詞拼寫)68題(單詞拼寫)考點(diǎn)1：基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的拼寫(2020.50)考點(diǎn)探究突破100以下的數(shù)字 100及以上基數(shù)詞表達(dá) 110111920293090(整十)100a/one hundred(一百)1,000a/one thousand(一千)1,000,000a/one million(一百萬)1,000,000,000a/one billion(十億)one

26、firsteleveneleventhtwentytwentieththirtythirtiethtwosecondtwelvetwelfthtwenty-one-firstfortyfortieththreethirdthirteenthtwenty-two-secondfiftyfiftiethfourfourthfourteenthtwenty-three-thirdsixtysixtiethfivefifthfifteenthtwenty-four-fourthseventyseventiethsixsixthsixteenthtwenty-five-fiftheightyeighti

27、ethsevenseventhseventeenthtwenty-six-sixthninetyninetietheighteightheighteenthtwenty-seven-seventh/nineninthnineteenthtwenty-eight-eighth/tententh/twenty-nine-ninth/【巧學(xué)妙記】 一、二、三特殊記，詞尾各是t，d，d； 八去t，九去e，ve變f，再加th； 整十基變序，y變ie再加th； 若遇幾十幾，只變個位就可以?？键c(diǎn)探究突破考點(diǎn)探究突破【拓展】1.21到100之間的非整十?dāng)?shù)詞，要在十位和個位之間加連字符“-”，讀法：先說“幾十”

28、再說“幾”。如：26twenty-six,31thirty-one,95ninety-five2.百位以上的數(shù)詞，在百位和十位之間加and，讀法：先說“幾百”再加“and”，再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。如：102one hundred and two234two hundred and thirty-four考點(diǎn)探究突破3.英語中的數(shù)詞每三位數(shù)是一個單位，從個位向前，每三位加一個“，”，第一個“，”前是thousand(千)，第二個“，”前是million(百萬)，讀法：只在百位之后加“and”，而千位、萬位以上的數(shù)后面不加，只按順序讀。如：1,324one thousand three hundr

29、ed and twenty-four55,342fifty-five thousand three hundred and forty-two4,864,339four million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and thirty-nine考點(diǎn)探究突破4.序數(shù)詞前常加定冠詞the，以下情況不用the或省略the：(1)表示“又一，再一”時。如：Youd better try a second time.你最好再試一次。(2)序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞時。如：This is my tenth birthday.這是我

30、的第10個生日。一、根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示完成句子。1.The _ school culture festival is coming.Yeah. We are supposed to take part in _ activities.(ten)2.Wednesday is the _(four) day of a week in Western countries.3.The students all felt tired after _(fifth) hours walk in the forest.4.The old professor is still working hard though

31、 he is in his _ (seventy).5.Her first two books came out last year and now she has finished writing a _(three) one.tenth ten fourthfiveseventiesthird6.The story happened in the _(nineteen) century， so few people know about it.7.Toms birthday is on June _ (twenty-four).8.My sister has _(twelfth) good

32、 friends.9.I think the _(nine) picture is good.10.Today is March the _(twenty).11.There are _ (1,652) students in my school.12.Im the _(one) to get to school today.nineteenth twenty-fourthtwelve ninth twentieth one thousand six hundred and fifty-twofirst 考點(diǎn)2：數(shù)詞的常見用法考點(diǎn)探究突破用法示例 句法功能主語It is said that t

33、hirteen is an unlucky number.據(jù)說13是一個不吉利的數(shù)字。The first day of May is International Labour Day.五月一日是國際勞動節(jié)。賓語It is worth three hundred yuan.它值300元。He was the first to arrive.他是第一個到的。定語There are only three boys in the class.教室里只有三個男孩。April is the fourth month of a year.四月是一年的第四個月?？键c(diǎn)探究突破表示分?jǐn)?shù)一般情況下，分子是基數(shù)詞，分

34、母是序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于一，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1/2讀作：one half，a half；1/4讀作：one fourth或one/a quarter；3 讀作：three and two fifths時刻表示法在表示時刻時，都用基數(shù)詞。分以下情況：1.表整點(diǎn)2.半小時以內(nèi)(包括半小時)3.超過半小時(到下一個鐘點(diǎn))4.一刻(15分鐘)常用a quarter表示注意：半小時以內(nèi)的表達(dá)用介詞past，表達(dá)“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”之意；超過半小時要用介詞to，表示“到下一鐘點(diǎn)還有幾分”(即“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”)。12：00 twelve oclock11：30 eleven thirty(鐘點(diǎn)分鐘) half pas

35、t eleven(分鐘past鐘點(diǎn))1：58 one fifty-eight(鐘點(diǎn)分鐘)two to two(分鐘to下一個鐘點(diǎn))6：45 a quarter to seven(七點(diǎn)差一刻)25考點(diǎn)探究突破年、月、日表示法通常英式英語表達(dá)順序為“日，月，年”，而美式英語表達(dá)為“月，日，年”。一般“年份”用基數(shù)詞(可簡寫)，“日期”用序數(shù)詞，讀時前面加定冠詞the。two and a half months兩個半月one and a half years一年半on May 5th,2015 在2015年5月5日注意：在使用年、月、日表示法時，要特別注意介詞的搭配。其基本原則是：有“日”用“on”

36、，否則用“in”。計量表示法“基數(shù)詞度量單位形容詞(long/wide/deep/high.)”Actually，Liu Guoliang is only 1.68 metres tall.事實(shí)上，劉國梁只有1米68。考點(diǎn)探究突破其他“基數(shù)詞連字符名詞”(形容詞)作定語，名詞用單數(shù)形式；“ another基數(shù)詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞more名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，表示在一定基礎(chǔ)上增加一定的數(shù)量。a five-year plan一個五年計劃a ten-minute walkten minutes walk步行10分鐘的路程We need another two chairs.We need two more cha

37、irs.我們還需要兩把椅子?？键c(diǎn)探究突破表示年齡用基數(shù)詞直接表示。She is 16 years old.她16歲。Mr Steven is sixty(years old) this year.斯蒂芬先生今年60歲了?！就卣埂俊耙粋€8歲的男孩”的多種表達(dá)：an eight-year-old boy，a boy of eight，a boy who is eight，a boy who is eight years old，a boy aged eight表示編號小序號可使用基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞來表達(dá)：名詞(前無冠詞，且大寫首字母)基數(shù)詞；the序數(shù)詞名詞Chapter Fifteen(the fi

38、fteenth chapter) 第15章；Lesson Eight(the eighth lesson)第八課；Page 20(the twentieth page) 第二十頁大序號通常只用“名詞數(shù)詞”來表達(dá)。Room 202202 房間Bus 112112路公交車Class Five 五班注意：1.表示年、月、日時，年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。如：July 5th,19891989年7月5日(讀為July the fifth，nineteen，eighty-nine)August 1st,20052005年8月1日(讀為August the first，two thousand and fiv

39、e)2.表示年代時，在年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后面加-s或s。如：1730s/1730s/the seventeen thirties 十八世紀(jì)三十年代1960s/1960s/the nineteen sixties二十世紀(jì)六十年代the late nineties九十年代末期 the early eighties八十年代初期the mid 1960s/1960s/the mid nineteen sixties二十世紀(jì)六十年代中期考點(diǎn)探究突破3.表示某人約幾十歲時，在表示十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的后面加-s。如：Tom went to New York in his twenties.湯姆在二十多歲時去了紐約

40、?？键c(diǎn)探究突破13.第12課 _14.304號房間 _15.半小時 _16.每日三次 _17.第25頁 _18.20世紀(jì)90年代 _19.4路公共汽車 _20.第15中學(xué) _21.21世紀(jì) _Lesson Twelve/the twelfth lessonRoom 304half an hourthree times a dayPage 25/the twenty-fifth page1990s/the nineteen nineties/1990sthe No.4 bus/Bus 4The No.15 Middle Schoolthe 21st/twenty-first century一、漢

41、譯英。22.2.5千克 _23.差一刻三點(diǎn) _24.第二冊 _25.在他五十幾歲時 _26.二年級八班 _27.10:45 _28.第15單元 _29.第三冊第十三課 _30.三分之一 _two and a half kilos/two kilos and a halfa quarter to threeBook Twoin his fiftiesClass Eight，Grade Twoten forty-five/a quarter to elevenUnit 15Lesson 13，Book 3a/one third31.三百美金 _32.1994年3月22日 _33.10:29 _34.11:05 _35.6:45 _36.1:58 _three hundred dollarsMarch 22nd,1994ten twenty-nine/twenty-nine past teneleven five/five past elevensix forty-five/a qua