被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)講解英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者， 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。 關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)變化請(qǐng)看下表：動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)變化* 語(yǔ)態(tài)情況主動(dòng)唐態(tài)械勃籬態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者強(qiáng)調(diào)主諾是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)態(tài)_堿曲Many people speak English in the worid.English is spoken by many people in the world.一般過(guò)去時(shí)He wrote this book in 1991.This book was mttm by him eh 1994.一鍛將來(lái)時(shí)

2、We will hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting will be held by us tomorrow.瞬將衲He said that they would build a bndgeiHe said that a bridgewoiiJd be bui】L現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)They mt discusfing this question naw.This question is being scussed now.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)He was fixing my car at sim yesteniay.My car was being fixed by him at

3、sis yesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)We have already deantd ourOur dassroom has already b&en cleaned by us.過(guò)去完成時(shí)I had finished my conasitiDn before supper.My conpositiwi had been finished before supper.句 型主+謂+賓I parked my car outside the park.My car vvas parked cuts de the paifc by me.主+槽+艱賓She told us an inlereing J

4、lotyWe were told an interesting story by her./ An inleresling stoty was told to us by her.主+調(diào)+賓+補(bǔ)We chose Jackmonitw.Jad? was chosen mortitor by u$.短爵珀伺She took good care of the children.The children were taken good care ofby ha-.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞We can change ger into vapour.Water cante changed into vapour.一

5、.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變法：口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done ,時(shí)不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。注：1.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的句式要一致。變成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于以下幾種情況不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many new buildings are built in our city.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如：The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有比較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)。如：The person was supported by those who wished to have a c

6、hance to make friends with him.出于禮貌，不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：You are requested to attend the party被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法：（1）使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。帶雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變 為主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語(yǔ)，要在間接賓語(yǔ)之前加上 介詞to或for.如：We are taught English by her.或 English is taught to us by her.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要加上不定式符號(hào)to。如：T

7、he boss made him work over twelve hours a day.He was made to work over twelve hours a day.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)作為一個(gè)整體，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如： The meeting has been put off.有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（多表示“靜態(tài)”）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的 有 have， cost， lack， last， own， hold， fit， agree with 等。有些不及物動(dòng)詞以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，常見(jiàn)的有cut，wash，write， sell 等。如：The shirt

8、 washes well.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和 be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better 等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為 say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、 report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作 主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表 示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart

9、boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.類(lèi)似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、 mean、last、look like、consist to 等。表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belong to等。

10、表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)是同位賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有 sell、write、wash、open、lock 等。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng) cut、read、sell、wear、write ride drive 等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)； 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞 表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。This kind of

11、 cloth washes easily .這種布易洗。These novels wont sell well.這些小說(shuō)不暢銷(xiāo)。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。The door wont lock .門(mén)鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚(yú)聞起來(lái)香。當(dāng) break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā) 生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require,

12、need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。在“be +形容詞+ to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代 被動(dòng)。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame（受譴責(zé)），be to rent （出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。（4）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著He is seated on a bench. （He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be

13、 hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏在 門(mén)后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿著The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.四、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別（現(xiàn)在如不能理解，可暫緩）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞是表示主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)；而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)則是表示主語(yǔ) 是動(dòng)作的承受者。試比較：Our building is surrounded with the trees.（系表）The film is usually showed

14、 on Sunday.（被動(dòng)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)；而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)引出 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。試比較：The book is well written. （系表）The book was written by Lu Xun.（被動(dòng)）初中教材中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考察最多的句型有：be made of由制作（看得出原材料）be made from由制作（看不出原材料或由多種材料制作）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造be used for 被用來(lái)be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來(lái)使用be used to do sth .被用來(lái)做某事It is said

15、 that.據(jù)說(shuō)It is hoped that.希望It is well known that. .眾所周知be covered with 被覆蓋被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、選擇題()1.a new libraryin our school last year?A.Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build()2. An accident _ on this roadlast week.A.has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened()3.Cotton (棉花) in t

16、he southeast of China.A.is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow()4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited()5.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees this

17、year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been planted D.planted()7.A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being done C. has been done D. will bedone()8.-When this kind of computers? -Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; used D. are; used()9.The Great Wall all over

18、 the world.A. knows B. knewC. is known D. was known()10.Who this book?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ()11.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us()12.The monkey was seenoff the tree.A.jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump()1

19、3.The school bagbehindthe chair.A.putsB. can be putC. can be putted D. can put()14.Older peoplewell.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ()15.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)

20、和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢)Its said(據(jù)說(shuō))that the long bridge(build)in two months.Where to have the meeting(discuss) now.Which language the most widely(speak) in the world?The lost boy(not find) so far.Last year a large number of trees(cut) down.The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.The old m

21、an is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.What knives(make) of ?They(make) of metal (金屬)and wood.Can the magazine (take) out of the library?The room(clean) by me every day.The stars can t(see) in the daytime.Some flowers(water) by Li Ming already.This k

22、ind of shoes(sell) well.How long your uncle(be) in the city?The food(smell) delicious.Look! Someone(dance).三、按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子，一空一詞。1.Is tea grown in South China? (改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) people tea in South China?2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) A birthday present by my parents everyyearThe work is going to be finished in two days.(對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))How the work going to be finished ?The children will sing an English song.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))An English song by the children.You neednt do it now.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))It by you now.People use metal for making m