寫作素材中華傳統(tǒng)文化成語故事

1、優(yōu)選文檔優(yōu)選文檔PAGEPAGE6優(yōu)選文檔PAGE一、介紹漢語成語典故1假如你是李華，你的美國筆友Mike來信向你咨詢漢語成語“揠苗滋生”的含義。請你依照下面的漢語提示用英語給Mike寫封回信，向其講解該成語的由來和意義。宋人有閔其苗之不長而揠之者，芒芒然歸，謂其人曰，“今日病矣，予助苗長矣。”其子趨而往視之，苗則槁矣。注意：詞數(shù)100左右；可以合適增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連結(jié)；開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。【參照答案】Onepossibleversion:DearMike,Itsgreattohearfromyou.IfeelproudknowingyourinterestinChineseli

2、terature.Thesetphraseyouaskedmemeanstryingtohelpseedlingsgrowbypullingthemup.Thereisastorybehindit.AmanintheSongStatewasanxiousabouttheslowgrowthofhisseedlings.Oneday,hewenttothefieldandpulledthemupwardonebyone.Hecamebacktiredandsaidtohisfamily,“Imexhaustedtoday,forIhavehelpedtheseedlingsgrowmuchtal

3、lerallatonce.Hearing”this,hissonrantolookattheseedlings.Tohishorror,allofthemhaddriedupanddied.第1頁Thissetphrasemeansthatgrowingagainstthelawofdevelopmentinthingsandbeingoveranxiousforquickresultswillmakethingsworse.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua二、介紹漢語成語典故2假如你是李華，你的美國網(wǎng)友Peter對你博客里的一幅漫畫很感興趣

4、，給你留言咨詢其含義。請你依照以下提示給他回貼。1、成語“聞雞起舞”的典故；、成語寓意。注意：1、詞數(shù)100左右；、可以合適增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連結(jié)；、開頭語已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。參照詞匯：patriotic愛國的；crow啼叫，報曉【參照范文】DearPeter,ThepictureisaboutaChineseidiom“wenjiqiwuThis”idiom.originatedfromawell-knownstoryhappenedinXiJinDynasty.Inordertoservetheircountrywell,twopatrioticyoungmen,namedZuTiand

5、LiuKun,bothgotupandpractisedswordplayingthemomenttheyheardthecockcrow.Daybydayandyearin,yearout,theyneverstopped.Later,theyallmadegreatcontributionstoprotectingtheircountry.第2頁Nowadays,peopleusuallyusethephrase“risingupuponhearingthecrowofaroostertopractiseswordplayingto”signifythatsomeoneisexerting

6、himselftodosomethingworthwhile.Itisalsousedtodescribethatapersonofnobleaspirationsexertshimeselfintime.Ifyouhaveanyotherquestionsaboutthisidiom,pleasetellme.Yours,LiHuaChengyu(simplifiedChinese:成語;traditionalChinese:成;pinyin:chngy;literally:setphrases)areatypeoftraditionalChineseidiomaticexpression,

7、mostofwhichconsistoffourcharacters.ChengyuwerewidelyusedinClassicalChineseandarestillcommoninvernacularChinesewritingandinthespokenlanguagetoday.Accordingtothemoststringentdefinition,thereareabout5,000chengyuintheChineselanguage,thoughsomedictionarieslistover20,000.TheyareoftenreferredtoasChineseidi

8、omsorfour-characteridioms;however,theyarenottheonlyidiomsinChinese.附：BackgroundofChengyuChengyuaremostlyderivedfromancientliterature.Themeaningofachengyuusuallysurpassesthesumofthemeaningscarriedbythefourcharacters,aschengyuareoftenintimatelylinkedwiththemyth,storyorhistoricalfactfromwhichtheywerede

9、rived.Assuch,chengyudonotfollowtheusualgrammaticalstructureandsyntaxofthemodernChinesespokenlanguage,andareinsteadhighlycompactandsynthetic.Chengyuinisolationareoftenunintelligiblewithoutexplanation,andwhenstudentsinChinalearnchengyuinschoolaspartoftheclassicalcurriculum,theyalsoneedtostudythecontex

10、tfromwhichthechengyuwasborn.Oftenthefourcharactersreflectthemoralbehindthestoryratherthanthestoryitself.Forexample,thephrasebreakthewoks,sinktheboats(背水一戰(zhàn),pfchnzhu)isbasedonahistoricalaccountwherethegeneralXiangYuorderedhistroopstodestroyallcookingutensilsandboatsaftercrossingariverintotheenemysterr

11、itory.Hewonthebattlebecauseofthisno-retreatstrategy.Similarphrasesare第3頁knownintheWest,suchasburningbridgesorCrossingtheRubicon.Thisparticularidiomcannotbeusedinalosingscenariobecausethestorybehinditdoesnotdescribeafailure.Anotherexampleis瓜田李下(gutinlxi,lit.melonfield,beneaththeplums).Itisanidiomthat

12、hasadeepermeaningthatimpliessuspicioussituations.ItisderivedfromanexcerptfromaHanerapoem(樂府詩君子行,YufShJnzXng).Thepoemincludesthelines,Dontadjustyourshoesinamelonfieldanddonttidyyourhatundertheplumtrees(瓜田不納履，李下不整冠,gatinbnl,lxibzhnggun),admonishingthereaderto:avoidsituationswhere,howeverinnocent,hemig

13、htbesuspectedofdoingwrong.Theliteralmeaningoftheidiomisimpossibletounderstandwithoutthebackgroundknowledgeoftheoriginofthephrase.However,someidiomssuchaswindfromanemptycave(空穴來風(fēng),kngxulifng,viz.hotair)andbare-facedfacingtheemperor(素面朝天,sminchotin,viz.withoutmakeup)aresowidelymisunderstoodthattheirlit

14、eralmeaningshaveovertakentheiroriginalones.windfromanemptycaveisnowcurrentlymistakenlyusedtodescriberumorswithoutsourcewhentheactualmeaningistheopposite.Itusedtodescriberumorswithactual,solidsourcesorreasons.Bare-facedfacingtheemperorisnowmisusedtodescribebeautythatdoesntrequiremake-up,e.g.,whenente

15、ringcourt.Itsoriginalmeaningistobeconfidentinonestruelook.However,thatisnottosaythatallchengyuarebornofanoften-toldfable.Indeed,chengyuwhicharefreeofmetaphoricalnuancespervadeamidsttheotherwisecontextuallydrivenaspectofwrittenvernacularChinese.Anexampleofthisisspeaking,yetwithouttrust(言而無信,ynrwxn),r

16、eferringtoanindividualwhocannotbetrusteddespitewhathesays,anessentiallydeceitfulperson.Theidiomitselfisnotderivedfromaspecificoccurrencefromwhichamoralmaybeexplicitlydrawn;instead,itissuccinctinitsoriginalmeaningandwouldlikelybeintelligibletoanindividuallearnedinformalwrittenChinese.Itsarchaicnature

17、isonlybetrayedbythenow-unusualuseofthecharacteryn(言)asaverb.SomeChineseidiomshaveEnglishequivalents.Forexample,冰山一角andthetipoftheicebergshareboththeirliteralandidiomaticmeanings,while言不由衷andtospeakwithonestongueinonescheekshareidiomaticmeanings.ChineseidiomscanalsoserveasaguidethroughChineseculture.Chengyuteachaboutmotifsthatwerepreviously