關(guān)鍵工程材料常用詞匯表

1、工程材料常用詞匯表A奧氏體austenite奧氏體本質(zhì)晶粒度austeniteinhorentgrainsize奧氏體化austenitization,austenitiizingB白口鑄鐵whitecastiron白銅whitebrass,copper-nickelalloy板條馬氏體lathmartensite棒材bar包晶反映peritecticreaction薄板thinsheet薄膜技術(shù)thinfilmtechnique貝氏體bainite本質(zhì)晶粒度inherentgrainsize比強度strength-to-weightratic變質(zhì)解決inoculation,modificat

2、ion變質(zhì)劑modifyingagent,modificator表面解決surfacetreatment表面粗糙度surfaceroughness表面淬火surfacequenching表面腐蝕surfacecorrosion表面硬化surfacehardening玻璃glass玻璃態(tài)vitreousstate,glassstate玻璃鋼glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纖維glassfiber不可熱解決旳non-heat-treatable不銹鋼stainlesssteel布氏硬度BrinellhardnessC材料強度strengthofmaterial殘存奧氏體

3、residualaustenite殘存變形residualdeformation殘存應(yīng)力residualstress層狀珠光體lamellarpearlite超導(dǎo)金屬superconductingmetal成核nucleate,nucleation成形forming,shaping成長growth,growing磁材料magneticmaterials沖擊韌性impacttoughness純鐵pureiron粗晶粒coarsegrain脆性brittleness脆性斷裂brittlefracture淬火quenching,quench淬透性hardenability淬硬性hardenabili

4、tyD帶材baud,strip單晶singlecrystal,unitcrystal單體monomer,element氮化層nitrationcase氮化物nitride刀具cuttingtool導(dǎo)磁性magneticconductivity導(dǎo)電性electricconductivity導(dǎo)熱性heatconductivity,thermalconductivity導(dǎo)體conductor等離子堆焊plasmasurfacing等離子弧噴涂plasmaspraying等離子增強化學(xué)氣相沉積Plasmachemicalvapourdeposition(PCVD)等溫轉(zhuǎn)變曲線isothermaltra

5、nsformationcurve低合金鋼lowalloysteel低碳鋼lowcarbonsteel低碳馬氏體lowcarbon?martensite低溫回火lowtempering點陣常數(shù)gratingconstant,latticeconstant電鍍electroplating,galvanize電弧噴涂electricarcspraying電子顯微鏡electronmicroscope定向結(jié)晶directionalsolidificationS端淬實驗endquenchingtest斷口分析fractureanalysis斷裂強度breakingstrength,fracturestr

6、ength斷裂韌性fracturetoughness斷面收縮率contractionofcrosssectionalarea,鍛造forge,forging,smithing多晶體polycrystalE二次硬化secondaryhardening二元合金binaryalloy,two-componentalloyF防銹旳rust-proot,rustresistant非金屬non-metal,nonmetal非晶態(tài)amorphousstats分子鍵molecularbond分子構(gòu)造molecularstructure分子量molecularweight酚醛樹脂bakelite,phenoli

7、cresin粉末治金powdermetallurgy粉末復(fù)合材料particulatecomposite腐蝕corrosion,corrode,etch,etching腐蝕劑corrodent,corrosive,etchant復(fù)合材料compositematerialG感應(yīng)淬火inductionquenching剛度rigidity,stiffness鋼steel鋼板steelplate鋼棒steelbar鋼錠steelingot鋼管steeltube,steelpipe鋼絲steelwire鋼球steelball杠桿定理leverrule,leverprinciple高分子聚合物highp

8、olymer,superpolymer高合金鋼highalloysteel高錳鋼highmanganesssteel高頻淬火highfrequencyquenching高速鋼highspeedsteel,quick-cuttingsteel高碳鋼high-carbonsteel高碳馬氏體highcarbonmartensite高彈態(tài)elastomer高溫回火hightempering各向同性isotropy各向異性anisotropy,anisotropism工程材料engineeringmaterial工具鋼toolsteel工業(yè)純鐵industrialpureiron工藝technolog

9、y共價鍵covalentbond共晶體eutectic共晶反映eutecticreaction共析體eutectoid共析鋼eatectoidsteel功能材料functionalmaterials固溶解決solidsolutiontreatment固溶強化solutionstrengthening固溶體solidsolution固相solidphase光亮熱解決brightheattreatment滾珠軸承鋼ballbearingsteel過飽和固溶體supersaturatedsolidsolution過共晶合金hypereutecticalloy過共析鋼hypereutectoidste

10、el過冷over-cooling,supercooling過冷奧氏體supercooledaustenite過冷度degreeofsupercooling過熱overheat,superheatH焊接welding,weld航空材料aerialmaterial合成纖維syntheticfiber合金鋼alloysteel合金化alloying合金構(gòu)造鋼structuralalloysteel黑色金屬ferrousmetal紅硬性redhardness滑移slip,glide滑移方向glidedirection,slipdirection滑移面glideplane,slipplane滑移系sli

11、psystem化合物compound化學(xué)氣相沉積chemicalvapoureposition(CVD)化學(xué)熱解決chemicalheattreatmentJ基體matrix機械混合物mechanicalmixture機械性能mechanicalproperty激光熱解決heattreatmentwithalaserbeam激光laser激光熔凝lasermeltingandconsolidation激光表面硬化surfacehardeningbylaserbeam加工硬化workhardening加熱heating膠粘劑adhesive構(gòu)造材料structuralmaterial結(jié)晶crys

12、tallize,crystallization結(jié)晶度crystallinity金屬材料metalmaterial金屬化合物metalliccompound金屬鍵metallicbond金屬組織metalstructure金屬構(gòu)造metallicframework金屬塑料復(fù)合材料plastimets金屬塑性加工metalplastic?working金屬陶瓷metalceramic金相顯微鏡metallographicmicroscope,metalloscope金相照片metallograph晶胞cell晶格crystallattice晶格常數(shù)latticeconstant晶格空位lattic

13、evacancy晶粒crystalgrain晶粒度grainsize晶粒細化grainrefining晶體構(gòu)造crystalstructure聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)聚合度degreeofpolymerization聚合反映polymerization絕熱材料heat-insulatingmaterial絕緣材料insulatingmaterialK抗拉強度tensilestrength抗壓強度compressionstrength顆粒復(fù)合材料particlecomposite擴散diffusion,diffuseL老化aging萊氏體ledebur

14、ite冷變形colddeformation冷加工coldwork,coldworking冷卻cool,cooling冷作硬化coldhardening離子ion粒狀珠光體granularpearlite持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)變曲線continuouscoolingtransformation(CCT)curve孿晶twincrystal孿生twinning,twin螺旋位錯helicaldislocation洛氏硬度RockwellhardnessM馬氏體martensite(M)密排六方晶格close-packedxagonallattice(C.P.H.)面心立方晶格face-centredcubicla

15、ttice(F.C.C.)摩擦friction磨損wear,abrade,abrasion模具鋼diesteelMf點martensitefinishingpointMs點martensitestartingpointN納米材料nanostructuredmaterials耐磨鋼wear-resistingsteel耐磨性wearability,wearresistance耐熱鋼heatresistantsteel,hightemperaturesteel內(nèi)耗internalfriction內(nèi)應(yīng)力internalstress尼龍nylon粘彈性viscoelasticity凝固solidify

16、,solidification扭轉(zhuǎn)強度torsionalstrength扭轉(zhuǎn)疲勞強度torsionalfatiguestrengthP泡沫塑料foamplastics,expandedplastics配位數(shù)coordinationnumber噴丸硬化shot-peening疲勞強度fatiguestrength疲勞壽命fatiguelife片狀馬氏體lamellarmartensite,platetypemartensite一般碳鋼ordinarysteel,plaincarbonsteelQ氣體滲碳gascarburizing切變shear切削cut,cutting切應(yīng)力shearingst

17、ress球化退火spheroidizingannealing球墨鑄鐵nodulargraphitecastiron,spheroidalgraphitecastiron球狀珠光體globularpearlite屈服強度yieldingstrength,yieldstrength屈強比yielding-to-tensileratio屈氏體troolstite(T)去應(yīng)力退火reliefannealingR熱解決heattreatment熱加工hotwork,hotworking熱噴涂thermalspraying熱固性thermosetting熱塑性hotplasticity熱硬性thermoh

18、ardening柔順性flexibility人工時效artificialageing刃具cuttingtool刃型位錯edgedislacation,bladedislocation韌性toughness溶質(zhì)solute溶劑solvent蠕變creep蠕墨鑄鐵quasiflakegraphitecastiron軟氮化softnitridingS掃描電鏡scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)上貝氏體upperbainite滲氮nitriding滲硫sulfurizing滲碳carburizing,carburization滲碳體cementite(Cm)失效failure

19、石墨graphite(G)時間-溫度轉(zhuǎn)變曲線timetemperaturetransformation(TTT)curve時效硬化age-hardening實際晶粒度actualgrainsize使用壽命servicelife使用性能usability樹枝狀晶dendrite樹脂resin雙金屬bimetal,duplexmetal水淬waterquenching,waterhardening,waterquench松弛relax,relaxation塑料plastics塑性plasticity,ductility塑性變形plasticdeformation索氏體sorbite(S)T彈簧鋼s

20、pringsteel彈性elasticity,spring彈性變形elasticdeformation彈性極限elasticlimit彈性模量elasticmodulus碳素鋼carbonsteel碳含量carboncontent碳化物carbide碳素工具鋼carbontoolsteel陶瓷ceramic陶瓷材料ceramicmaterial體心立方晶格body-centeredcubiclattice(B.C.C.)體型聚合物three-dimensionalpolymer調(diào)質(zhì)解決quenchingandtempering調(diào)質(zhì)鋼quenchedandtemperedsteel鐵碳平衡圖ir

21、on-carbonequilibriumdiagram透明(結(jié)晶)陶瓷crystallineceramics同素異構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變allotropictransformation涂層coat,coating退火anneal,annealing托氏體troostite(T)W彎曲bend,bending完全退火fullannealing微觀組織microstructure維氏硬度Vickershardness未經(jīng)變質(zhì)解決旳uninoculated溫度temperature無定形旳amorphous物理氣相沉積physicalvapourdeposition(PVD)X下貝氏體lowerbainite線型聚合物linearpolymer纖維fibre,fiber纖維增強復(fù)合材料filamentreinforcedcomposite顯微照片metallograph,microphotograph,micrograph顯微組織microscopicstructure,microstructure橡膠rubber相phase相變phasetransition相圖phasediagram消除應(yīng)力退火stressreliefannealing形狀記憶合金Shapememoryalloys形變deformation性能performance,pro