(北京專用)2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題七閱讀補(bǔ)全(七選五)課件

1、(北京專用)2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題七閱讀補(bǔ)全(七選五)課件(北京專用)2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題七閱讀補(bǔ)全(七選五A組自主命題北京卷題組五年高考Group 1Passage 1(2019北京)Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 1Companies spend millions

2、 hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?2They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, t

3、he teams performance begins to decline. In-terestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.A組自主命題北京卷題組五年高考Group 1To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires i

4、ts members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)) their actions.3In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team

5、performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the teams performance. Young children learn-ing to play team sports are often

6、 told,“There is no I in TEAM.”4Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less ef-fort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比賽),whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.To explain this phenomenon, th5An A-team may require

7、a balancenot just A players, but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow th

8、is basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.5An A-team may require a 答案語篇解讀本文

9、為議論文,主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容為體育精神。本文主要討論了一個團(tuán)隊(duì)是否需要很多有天賦的個人加入。文章有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)。1.B細(xì)節(jié)句。設(shè)空處后的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.”與本空為并列關(guān)系,故答案為B項(xiàng)(體育團(tuán)隊(duì)的老板們花數(shù)百萬美元吸引頂尖人才)。2.E主旨句。根據(jù)下文尤其是“They focused on football, basketball and baseball.”以及“The results”可知,答案為E項(xiàng)。句意:最近的幾項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了人才在體育世界中的作用。3.G過渡句。本段主要說明

10、了任務(wù)互依性在不同的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目中的作用以及對團(tuán)隊(duì)表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生的影響,與G項(xiàng)中的task interdependence相對應(yīng),故答案為G項(xiàng)。4.D細(xì)節(jié)句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的If a basketball star is, for example,.Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.”可知答案為D項(xiàng)(明星們顯然不愿遵循體育精神的這個基本的原則)。5.F主旨句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的“An A-team may require a balancenot just A players.”

11、可知答案為F項(xiàng)(建立一個理想的團(tuán)隊(duì)比僅僅雇用最好的人才更復(fù)雜)。答案長難句Interestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.有趣的是,這一趨勢在棒球運(yùn)動中并不明顯,在棒球運(yùn)動中,增加的個體天才持續(xù)不斷地提高球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)。本句為主從復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為baseball。長難句Interestingly, this trend Passage 2 (2018北京)Why Do

12、 We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(觸發(fā))events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.1Triggering ev

13、ents for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples:being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.2The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones per

14、sonal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.3Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condi

15、tion, but rather a tempo-rary state before a triggering event has occurred.4Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Some-times ignorance and negative(消極的)outlooks on situations can create anger.Passage 2 (2018北京)5However, anger can easily turn violent, and it

16、 is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feel-ings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can creat

17、e anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel

18、 an-gry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is wh

19、y what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.5However, anger can easil答案語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章從三個方面向讀者介紹了引起憤怒的原因,以幫助減少憤怒的出現(xiàn)。1.F本句是總結(jié)句?？崭裎挥诙挝?作者在該空之前先給出引起人們發(fā)怒的三個主要原因:triggering events(觸發(fā)事件)、personality traits(個人性格特征)、assessment of situations(對形勢的評估),然后就自然地引出總結(jié)句:了解這些原因有什么用,故選擇F項(xiàng)。2.G本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。第二段主要針

20、對“triggering events(觸發(fā)事件)”來展開?？崭袂白髡呦攘信e出幾個生活中的事件,通常人們在遇到這些事之后的反應(yīng)都是發(fā)怒;空格后作者介紹說“因?yàn)閭€人經(jīng)歷和心理特點(diǎn)的不同,所以面對某些事時,有人發(fā)怒但也有人不生氣”。因此該空應(yīng)該承上啟下,應(yīng)該說的是“人們對這些事件的反應(yīng)是不盡相同的”,與G項(xiàng)一致。3.E本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。第三段主要的關(guān)鍵詞是“personality traits(個人性格特征)”?？崭袂耙痪湓捥岬綘帍?qiáng)好勝的人及忍耐度低的人更容易發(fā)怒;空格后介紹pre-anger(生氣前兆)的特點(diǎn),與E項(xiàng)的these personality traits和pre-anger形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),

21、故選E項(xiàng)。答案4.A本句為主題句。通讀本段內(nèi)容可知該段主要圍繞“our assessment of situations”展開?？蘸蟮诙湓捴械膐utlooks on situations的意思是“對局勢的判斷”,與A項(xiàng)“Our attitude and viewpoint on situations”意思相近,故選A項(xiàng)。5.D本句為過渡句。由銜接詞“However”可知,設(shè)空處內(nèi)容與后文內(nèi)容相反,故D項(xiàng)“發(fā)怒是一種特別強(qiáng)烈的情感,或許人們認(rèn)為憤怒是情有可原的”放在此處最合適,因此選D項(xiàng)。高考熱詞1.imbalance n. 不平衡;失調(diào)2.tolerance n. 忍耐力3.temporar

22、y adj. 暫時的4.occurrence n. 發(fā)生的事情prehend v. 理解高級語塊be likely to 可能長難句With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. 考慮到這些主要因素,我們可以評估我們一整天的憤怒程度,并通過理解我們情緒爆發(fā)的因素避免這些情況的發(fā)生。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語;and連

23、接兩個并列的謂語動詞。4.A本句為主題句。通讀本段內(nèi)容可知該段主要圍繞“our Passage 3 (2017北京)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorde

24、d by reinforcing(加強(qiáng)) connections between brain cells, but the memory pro-cesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神經(jīng)元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form

25、the next day. 3Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would e

26、xplain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Passage 3 (2017北京)Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The

27、 team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5“You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, th

28、ey get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of thes

29、e connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.Their research also suggests h答案語篇解讀本文為說明文。研究表明,睡眠期間腦細(xì)胞之間的關(guān)聯(lián)會減弱,從而使大腦為新的記憶騰出空間,但是對于重要的記憶,大腦則會對其加以保護(hù)。1.C細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出,當(dāng)不允許實(shí)驗(yàn)室的老鼠睡覺時,它們在一個月之內(nèi)就死去了。本句是上句的延伸,由動物轉(zhuǎn)移到了人類。C項(xiàng)符合語境,意為“同樣,人幾天不睡覺的話也會生病”。2.E細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出睡眠有助于加強(qiáng)新的記憶,下文對此進(jìn)行了解釋。本句應(yīng)該是對這個觀點(diǎn)的回應(yīng),E項(xiàng)“那也就是為什么學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)

30、之后如果有機(jī)會睡覺的話,他們就會考得更好”符合語境。3.F過渡句。下段首句指出“現(xiàn)在我們有最直接的證據(jù)證明他是正確的”,由此可知本句應(yīng)指出某人的觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)合本段提出的“睡覺期間神經(jīng)元之間的關(guān)聯(lián)減弱,從而為第二天要形成的新記憶騰出空間”,可以判斷F項(xiàng)符合語境。4.G過渡句。下句的synapses以及the mice為關(guān)鍵線索。下文指出了老鼠在睡完一覺后和睡覺前“synapses”的不同,所以本句應(yīng)該指出本次試驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容,故G項(xiàng)符合語境。答案5.B細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某些神經(jīng)突觸似乎得到了保護(hù),并未發(fā)生變化,這正是對某些重要記憶的保護(hù),故B項(xiàng)正確。高考熱詞1.strengthen v. 增強(qiáng)

31、2.evolve v. 進(jìn)化形成3.synapse n. (神經(jīng)元的)突觸4.matter v. 重要;要緊;有關(guān)系高級語塊make room for為騰出空間長難句We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing connections be-tween brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.我們知道,在醒著的時候,通過加強(qiáng)腦細(xì)胞之間的關(guān)聯(lián),新的記憶被記住,但在我們睡覺

32、時發(fā)生的記憶過程還不清楚。連詞but連接了兩個并列分句,在前一分句中,謂語動詞know后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,while awake作狀語;在后一分句中,that為關(guān)系代詞,代指先行詞the memory processes,while we sleep為時間狀語從句。5.B細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某些神經(jīng)突觸似乎得到了Group 2Passage 1 (2016北京)The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we w

33、eigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.1Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better a

34、t hunting, fighting, or exploring.2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed.

35、A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.3No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to tak

36、e risksGroup 2 increases during your teenage years.4To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tol-erance for risk as well.5For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes ac

37、tive, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C

38、.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and r

39、ewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. increases during your teenage答案語篇解讀本文為說明文。人類是否喜歡冒險可能與大腦的工作方式有關(guān)。1.F上句提到值得冒險,而下句說有一些活動讓一些人感到享受,卻讓另一些人害怕,故此處是說衡量風(fēng)險和回報(bào)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同,所以選F項(xiàng)。2.C上句提到冒險者更擅長捕獵等。C項(xiàng)中的Being better at是上句中的 were better at的復(fù)現(xiàn),故選C項(xiàng)。3.A由本段可知人類

40、形成了各種各樣的性格類型。你或者喜歡某項(xiàng)冒險活動或者不喜歡。這都是取決于你的性格特點(diǎn)的。最后一句總結(jié)本段得出主旨。4.E上句提到:對冒險活動的熱愛在青少年時期有所增長。設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是對青少年時期的說明,故選E項(xiàng)。5.G由下句中的a part of the brain可知選G。答案高考熱詞1.daring adj. 大膽的;勇敢的2.character n. 性格;特點(diǎn)3.willingness n. 樂意高級語塊relate to 和相關(guān)長難句For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,

41、 while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.對于尋求刺激的人來說,大腦中與快樂相關(guān)的部分變得活躍起來,而對于我們剩下的人來說,大腦中與恐懼相關(guān)的部分變得活躍起來。while連接兩個并列分句, 兩個分句中的related to pleasure和related to fear都是過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾a part of the brain。高考熱詞高級語塊relate to 和相關(guān)長難Passage 2 (2015北京)This Way to DreamlandDaydreami

42、ng means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them for-get what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.1They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the im

43、portant things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.2Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inven-tions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise loo

44、king like a fool?First,understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.3And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another

45、 taskpreferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.Passage 2 (2015北京)Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to con-centrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling as

46、leep.4Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.5Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.W

47、ithout wandering minds,we wouldnt have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes.D.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlik

48、e sleep dreams,which may be hard to un-derstand.G.Therefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the day-dream zone.Its also important to know ho答案語篇解讀文章介紹了做白日夢的人有時健忘、笨拙,但是偉大的思想和成就是和白日夢分不開的。1.B由前句和后句可知該句在描述做白日夢的人的情況。故選B項(xiàng)。2.C由前句的表述可知在人類歷史上一些偉大的想法和輝煌的成就是由那些愛做白日夢的人帶

49、來的。C項(xiàng)中的relativity(相對論),Coke和Post-it notes是列舉的一些偉大想法和成就,故C項(xiàng)符合此處語境。3.A由前文可知本段在講述如何做巧妙的白日夢,故選A項(xiàng)。4.E第五段敘述了在人們需要集中注意力時,如何避免做白日夢。由E項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞attentive(專注的)可知選E項(xiàng)。5.G文章第六段第一句與G項(xiàng)為因果關(guān)系。答案高考熱詞1.reputation n. 名聲2.ignore v. 忽視3.achievement n. 成績;成就4.mindfulness n. 留意,關(guān)注5.strike v. 突然出現(xiàn)(在腦子里)高級語塊slip into滑進(jìn),進(jìn)入長難句Dayd

50、reaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.做白日夢是指人們想一些愉快的事情,尤其指那些能讓他們忘記他們應(yīng)該做什么的事情。本句話主句的主語是Daydreaming;means是謂語動詞;means后是賓語從句,省略了that。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句中forget后接what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。高考熱詞高級語塊slip into滑進(jìn),進(jìn)入長難句Passage 3(2014北京)Evaluating So

51、urces(來源)of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bet-tering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information,h

52、ow to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.1Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported,and determine whether it was based

53、 on good science.Think about the type of study.2Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome;this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain re-sult.3Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully

54、understand it.Passage 3(2014北京)Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true,probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.4Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully,and be aware of quackery(江湖騙術(shù)).5Friends and family members can be a great source of i

55、deas and inspiration,but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A.Make choices that are right for you.B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C.

56、Be sure to work through the critical questions.D.And examine the findings of the original research.E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.G.The following suggestions can help you sort t

57、hrough the health information you receive from common sources.Use your common sense.If a rep答案語篇解讀本文為說明文,題材為科普知識。作者針對如何識別正確的健康信息提供了一些建議。1.G根據(jù)文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建議,因此本空引出了下文的多個建議,故選擇G項(xiàng)。2.D根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Go to the original source.”可以看出D選項(xiàng)“And examine the findings of the original research.”與第二段內(nèi)容匹配。

58、3.F根據(jù)第三段第一句“Watch for misleading language.”可以看出F項(xiàng)“Be aware that in-formation may also be incorrectly explained.”與本段內(nèi)容匹配。4.B空格處前一句中出現(xiàn)的advertisements與B項(xiàng)中的ad對應(yīng),因此選擇B項(xiàng)。5.A空格后的“.that works for us.”與A項(xiàng)“Make choices that are right for you.”對應(yīng),故選擇A項(xiàng)。答案高考熱詞1.reasonable adj. 合理的2.relevant adj. 相關(guān)的3.analyze v.

59、 分析4.reliability n. 可靠性5.misleading adj. 使人產(chǎn)生誤解的,誤導(dǎo)人的高級語塊1.contribute to 促成,造成2.be associated with 與有關(guān)長難句Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science.親自找出一項(xiàng)研究真正闡明的內(nèi)容,并且判斷它是否基于真正的科學(xué)。and連接的兩個分句均為祈使句,Find out.后接what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,determine后接whether引導(dǎo)的賓

60、語從句。高考熱詞高級語塊1.contribute to 促Group 3Passage 1(2013北京)UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.1In fact,nearly every-one lived on farms or in tiny rural(鄉(xiāng)村的)villag