文藝復(fù)興對英國文學(xué)的影響

1、Class: 3Name: CuixueContents TOC o 1-5 h z Abstract (in Chinese)1Abstract (in English)2Introduction3An introduction to the Renaissance3An introduction to the background4An introduction to the Humanism5A summary of the writer and the works6The brief analysis of Chaucer and his work “Canterbury Tales”

2、9The brief analysis of Spenser and “TheFairland Queen”11The brief analysis of Shakespeare and hismasterpiece13Conclusion17摘要：本文主要介紹了文藝復(fù)興對英國文學(xué)的影響。同時， 為了更好的支持這一主題，本論文進(jìn)行以下幾部分說明。第 一部分是對文藝復(fù)興的介紹，來源、背景。第二部分寫出了 文藝復(fù)興對英國文學(xué)的影響，表現(xiàn)在一些作家的作品里，繼 而分別介紹這幾位作家及其作品。第三部分是結(jié)論，對全文 進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。關(guān)鍵詞：文藝復(fù)興，影響，作家，作品AbstractThis paper m

3、ainly introduces the Renaissance of English literature. At the same time, in order to better support the theme, this thesis undertakes the following sections. The first part is the introduction of the Renaissance, origin, background. The second part writes the Renaissance of English literature, in t

4、he works of other writers, and then introduced the several writers and their works. The third part is the conclusion, summarizes.Key words: Renaissance, influence, writer, workIntroductionAn introduction to the RenaissanceRenaissance refers to the 14-17 century originated in Italy then spread throug

5、hout Europe a new bourgeoisie against the feudal ideological and cultural movement, and the church. This movement in philosophy, literature and art and Science in the field of expansion. Its ideological core of humanism. The Renaissance in Europe after the ancient Greek after the second ideological

6、and cultural peak, in Europe and the world of Humanities and Natural Science in the development of a far-reaching impactThe Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval, the end and the beginning of modern society. In general, the Renaissance period is from fourteenth Century to mid seventeenth

7、Century. Beginning in Italy, along with painting, sculpture and literature all flowers bloom together. then Renaissance wave that swept the whole of EuropeHumanism in the UK in the ideological field. Mark is the Holland scholar Erasmus successively to the University of Oxford and University of Cambr

8、idge to teach classical culture research. Thomas Moore, Christopher Marlowe and WilliamShakespeare are the representatives of the English humanists.Renaissance tide affect Britains speed is relatively slow, not only because the British from continental Europe, but also because of its domestic turbul

9、ent. In sixteenth Century, the new route discovery Hokusai foreign trade developed, the British strength gradually enriches, nationalism, 1588 beat Spain to send to the invasion of continental power armada. There is a cultural activity is frequent, the highlight of Renaissance bidding situation. Eng

10、lish literature on behalf of the European Renaissance Literatures highest achievementAn introduction to the Historical backgroundRenaissance marks the transition from medieval to modern world, from feudal to capitalist, from religious to secular society. In this period the European humanist thinkers

11、 and scholars made attempts to abolish old feudal ideas in medieval Europe (the church-centered culture which were characterized by God-centeredness, otherworldliness and asceticism.) and to introduce new ideas of the rising bourgeoisie ( humanism, the man-centered culture in which man is the measur

12、e of all things.), and to carry our religious reformationRenaissance did not begin to show its effect in England until the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547) owing to Englands separation from the Continent and its domestic unrest.Encouraged by Henry VIII, the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists in

13、troduced classical literature to England. Education was revitalized and literature became more popular. From the beginning of the 16th c, the English Renaissance witnessed the brisk development of literature: the translation of ancient English, Italian and French works, as well as classical works of

14、 Greece and Rome; books of discoveries and adventures; the flowering of sonnets; the highest glory of the English renaissance is its drama ( the Elizabethan drama). This was Englands golden age in literature. There appeared many literal giants such as Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlowe, B

15、acon and Donne.1.3An Introduction to the HumanismRenaissance literature general characteristics is a variety of literary types coexist (HUMANITIES, folk, feudal), humanist literature as the mainstream.The Renaissance was marked by the spread of humanism, the keynote (the Great Spirit) of Renaissance

16、. It sprang as a result of rediscovery and restudy of the Greek and Roman civilization which is based on the conception that the man is the measure of all things, the man-centered culture. It stands fordevotion to the humane values represented in classical literature.While the medieval Catholic teac

17、hings (the church-centered culture) were characterized by God-centeredness, otherworldliness and asceticism, the Renaissance humanists emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life; they believed human beings were glorious creatures; man can live a happy and meaningfu

18、l life on earth; man can improve his condition with effort and change the world according to his desire. Man has the right to pursue personal happiness, knowledge and wealth. Humanism helped to civilize man, to make him realize his potential powers and gifts. It contributed a great deal to the progr

19、ess of human society. It represented the new ideas of the rising bourgeoisie. Thomas More, Marlowe and Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists. The humanistic ideas and belief permeated the literature of this period.A summary of the writer and the worksThe brief analysis of

20、 Chaucer and his work “Canterbury Tales”Chaucer (1343 - 1400) was a British poet, was born in a middle class family in London. He had fought, made prisoner, and later worked as a diplomat, customs officer, Member of Parliament. Rich life experience, making him insight into all aspects of life, for h

21、is future creation of great help. Chaucers early creation by Italy and France literature influence. He put the French literature in the knights tale, lyrics and animal fable stories into English literature. His early works special rules and clay Germany (1385), the shaping of the characters vivid, w

22、itty humor. From the beginning of 1377, Chaucer repeatedly to continental Europe contacted Dante, Pete Rucker and Boccaccio and other works. These writers against feudalism and religious spirit and humanism, so Chaucers creation idea produced profound change, begin to realism. According to a poem Bo

23、ccaccios rewriting of the narrative poem special rules and G surface West Germany rejected the fantasy and fable tradition, instead of to the social reality of the characters and the description of details of life, this is Chaucers first realistic works. Chaucer in his life in the last fifteen years

24、 was Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) creation. This is his most outstanding works. Chaucer vision, observe the profound, writing skill variety, truly reflect the social life, created the British literature tradition of realism, to Shakespeare and Dickens effect. “The Canterbury Tales is a British write

25、r Chaucers novel. Work depicts a group of pilgrims gathered inLondon in a small hotel, going to Canter Bray city pilgrimage.The shopkeeper suggested the pilgrims in the trip every two stories, see who the best is. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories: Knight tells the

26、 tragic love story, told the story of a knight bath, sell indulgences will persuade world allegory story, clerics speak animal fable, the businessmen family disputes, farmer told stories of love and generosity the story of loyalty behavior. Works widely reflect capitalism budding period of British s

27、ociety, exposing the corruption of the church, clergy, greed and hypocrisy, has blamed the asceticism strangling human nature, has affirmedstsecular love life. “The Canterbury Taleschievteiiietaitds very high, far exceeding the previous contemporary British literature, the history of English literat

28、ure is the first example of realism. Works with humor and irony, strong sense of comedy, in which the majority of stories by double rhyme verse, on later English literature influence. Distinctive characters, be lively and vivid language. Chaucer used the full of vitality of the London dialect of cre

29、ation, but also laid the foundation for the British literary language. He pioneered the heroic couplets for later English poets are widely used, and Chaucer is known as the father of English poetry.The brief analysis of Spenser and “The FairlandQueen”Spencer (Edmund Spenser 1552? - 1599), British po

30、et. He Cambridge, 1569 into literature philosophy and natural science, graduating two years later became a noble family of hangers-on, 1580, Spencer went to live in was born in a London Mercer family, University of Ireland, the queen and give them to his castle, where his masterpiece the Fairy Queen

31、. In 1598 his house was burnt down in the Irish rebellion, he fled back to London the following year, died there, buried in Westminster Abbey. Poets Corner, next to Geoffrey Chaucer. He is called poets poet.The long poem the Faerie Queen ( 1590 1609 ) to King Arthur s pursuit of the Faerie Queen Glo

32、ria for the introduction, written in 12 days after every year held in the Palace Banquet, every day to send a knight to relieve disaster, Arthur attended each Knight adventures. It has both a humanist love of life, also has the new Platoons mystical thought, but also with the Puritan Ethics and reli

33、gious idea of strong bourgeois patriotism. “Cassiopeia is Spencers most important works, but also one of the few long poems in English poetry. The authors of the original plan to write 12 volumes, each volume 12 chapter, was only completed 6 volumes and two chapters. The first volume Red Cross knigh

34、t or holy story, written in Red Cross knight and dragon fighting adventure. The Red Cross knight George, on behalf of the Church of England, the Dragon represents falsehood; volume second gain jazz or control story, written on behalf of the Gain and represent control wanton witch battle story; volum

35、e third Briton Ma or chaste story, writes the female warrior Briton and rescue represents female chastity Elmo Wrights story; fourth volumes of Campbell and Terry Monte into the story of friendship, sing the praises of the friendship between the knight, the main plot s continued Chaucer s unfinished

36、 story; volume fifth a Gail or justice story, wrote Justice on behalf of a mention of how Gail to punish evil and cunning; volume sixth Khalid jazz or polite story, write polite voice to yield human jealousy and slander monsters symbol. Spencer writing the Faerie Queen is intended to Queen Elizabeth

37、, the queen Gloria, is actually in Queen Elizabeths avatar. The twelve Knights each symbol a virtue, they sent out by the queen adventures, in punish and eliminating traitors, justice of the heroic deeds. This epic creation to praise when the rulers of the legacy was inherited the ancient Rome poet

38、Virgil. We simply cannot take this kind of tendency as to curry favor with the ruling groups, fawn upon the rich and powerful persons. Queen Elizabeth under the control of the British was a thriving on the country, the situation with Virgil writing Enid for Octaves nervous when the Empire of Rome is

39、 very similar to some. If Virgil Octaves has praised the spirit of patriotism, then, we can say the same Spencer for Queen Elizabeth praise is essentially for the British national praise, reflects the author s patriotic ideas. Moreover, life in Renaissance Spencer on the spirit of adventure, human p

40、ower, optimistic attitude toward life praise for themselves to establish a noble the image of humanism, this in an objective appraisal of his work ideological content is also worthy of attention. “The Fairy Queen is an allegorical works; the poems image has a symbolic meaning, the Faerie Queen. Shes

41、 glory, a symbol of Queen Elizabeth. “The Fairy Queen “expression of humanistic moral ideal, sing the praises of the spirit of adventure and the conquest of happiness, the love for the real life. The poet in The Fairy Queen in the creation of the poem is called Spencer stanzaThe brief analysis of Sh

42、akespeare and his masterpieceShakespeare, A famous English playwright and poet. Shakespeare is the second half of sixteenth Century to the beginning of the seventeenth Centurys most famous British writer, he wrote a total of 37 plays, 154 poems of 14 lines, two long poems and other poems. The Jones

43、called him the soul of the times, Marx said he and the ancient Greek of Aeschylus and Ross as the greatest drama of the gifted. Although Shakespeares writing in English only, but he is a world famous writer. Most of his works have been translated into many languages, the plays are also staged in man

44、y countries is also the European Renaissance humanism literature synthesizer.In general, Shakespeares drama creation can be divided into the following 3 periods:The first period (1590 1600)His works are mainly historical drama, comedy, a 9 historical drama, 10 comedies and 2 tragedies. Among them fo

45、ur comedies are the most famous, including A Midsummer Nights dream Twelfth Night The Merchant of Venice ” “As You Like It” . Love, friendship, mostly in the marriage as the theme, the protagonist is some humanistic wisdom and virtue of young men and women, through their freedom, happiness, beautifu

46、l struggle, sing the praises of progress of new fresh air, but also gently to expose and ridicule the old decrepit and ugly, such as virtual straightening, Puritan asceticism hypocrisy and usurers avaricious and mean. Shakespeare of this period drama , the basic mood is optimistic, bright, full of h

47、umanistic ideal to solve social contradictions, confidence, that is written in this period the tragicomedy Romeo and Juliet, was filled with the comedy atmosphere. Although the hero died sentimentalism, but the ideals of love over death, in exchange for a reconciliation of feudal. However, this one

48、period later mature comedy the merchant of Venice, with the blue color and the tragic factors, advocating love, friendship and sincere love at the same time, reflects the law of the jungle in Christian society of class oppression, racial discrimination, that the author has gradually realized between

49、 the ideal and the reality are difficult to solve contradiction.The second period (1601 1607)In tragedy, written 3 Department of the Rome opera, 5 tragedies and 3 dark comedy or problem plays, thinking, strive to create the new era of tragic hero: from the Middle Ages to the imprisonment and ignoran

50、t they wake up, in the dawn shines next, aspiring to develop or improve themselves, but could not overcome the times and their limitations, finally in the same environment and inner opposing forces of great disparity in strength in the fight, was inevitable failure and sacrifice. Hamlet avenged the

51、death of his father and found that the whole time out of joint, decided to take up the responsibility of reforming of heaven and earth, the result is just great, too late. Othello honest, trust and vengeful, in communication at the mercy of the suicide, for the pursuit of its perfection itself. Inst

52、ead by evil. King Lear in the power to bring him glory, pride, loss of confidence in nature, when the king to be a common person, also can be the same or greater, and suffered a painful ordeal. Macbeth is a real hero, disposition has the goodness and beauty side, just because of the temptation and a

53、mbition, reduced to a “from the bloody to bloody. These characters, tragedy, announced deeply in the period of capital primitive accumulation has begun to appear the social evils and bourgeois egoism, the performance of the humanist ideal and reality the irreconcilable contradiction between, highly

54、summarized significance.The third period (1608 1613)Inclined to compromise and the illusion of tragedy and comedy or drama. The main work is a 4 comedy and tragedy or melodrama crown prince Chris , winters tale, the storm. Many of these works were written, reunion, framing, Although still adhere to

55、the ideals of humanism, the dark reality has been exposed, but contradictory settlement mainly rely on magic, fantasy, the lucky chance coincidence and accident, and to promote forgiveness, tolerance, compromise, and talkConclusionLooking back to the Renaissance period will be found; in this period is the key of modern British history. Science broke free from religion began to cut a striking figure, the thought of people got huge