新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題指導(dǎo)備考策略

1、2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略在2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空類題目中的考綱的要求以下：在一篇200詞左右的語(yǔ)言資猜中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白的后邊給出單詞的基本形式要求考生依據(jù)上下文填寫空白地方需的內(nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或所供給單詞的正確形式。備考思路語(yǔ)法填空題設(shè)空設(shè)空大概有以下特色：無提示詞一般察看：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動(dòng)詞、固定搭配等有提示詞一般察看：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。詳細(xì)策略：(一)、給出動(dòng)詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)變(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語(yǔ)部分，或是填寫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；(二)、給出詞語(yǔ)，詞性的變化，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)

2、變，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級(jí)、最高等，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；(三)、給出副詞，填寫比較級(jí)、最高等，或是填寫反義詞；(四)、不給詞語(yǔ)填寫限制詞的時(shí)候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限制詞；有的名詞前有限制詞，比方：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高等等，其前用定冠詞。高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空不給提示字典范：例：2015課標(biāo)II】TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmire

3、dbyeven_mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.答案與分析：the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高等修飾，所以用定冠詞。例：2015廣東】Heowned_farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.答案與分析：a。名詞farm前應(yīng)當(dāng)有冠詞，由于在文章中第一次出現(xiàn)，所以用不定冠詞。例：2010廣東】Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_studenttastethewater.答案與分析：another。上文談到一個(gè)學(xué)生讓老師品味他從荒漠里帶了來的泉水，當(dāng)那個(gè)學(xué)生走開后，老師讓另一個(gè)學(xué)生品味這泉水的滋味。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境這里

4、填寫限制詞another。例：2014廣東】Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid_wasawonderfulholidaydestination.答案與分析：it。第二個(gè)句子中的賓語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，這里it代替前文提到過的Miami。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,itsonlyanhourawaycar_andoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.答案與分析：by。這里的car不作主

5、語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，可以看出其前面應(yīng)當(dāng)填寫介詞，這里的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。例：2014課標(biāo)II】Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,_someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.答案與分析：and?！癟hereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop是個(gè)完”整的句子，“someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed也.是個(gè)圓滿的”句子，兩句之間是并列關(guān)系。例：2012廣東】_hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysitti

6、ngattheback,hewaswrong.答案與分析：Although/Though。這里有兩個(gè)句子，“_hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback和“hewaswrong”，.且”兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，依據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)句子是退步狀語(yǔ)從句。例：2015課標(biāo)II】Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案與分析：how。由于“.thePueblo

7、Indiansfiguredout和“.theadobe”wallsneededtobe.是兩套”主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必然是填連詞；依據(jù)句意，確立填寫連詞how。例：2014廣東】Ididntunderstand_thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.答案與分析：why?！癐didntunderstand和“this”wouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation是.兩套主謂關(guān)系”，

8、即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必然是填連詞；依據(jù)句意，確立填寫連詞why。例：2015課標(biāo)I】IdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.答案與分析：that/which。這里有兩套主謂關(guān)系，“IdskippednearbyGuilin.和”“arepictured.，兩句”之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必然是填連詞或關(guān)系詞；依據(jù)句子構(gòu)造，第

9、二個(gè)句子少主語(yǔ)，先行詞是Guilin，依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則，這里填寫that/which。例：【2013廣東】Hissonlookedsurprised,“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldnpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,notsaveabitofmoney?”答案與分析：why。上文談到父親讓兒子去買鹽，告訴兒子付錢的時(shí)候不可以夠多付。也不可以夠少付。兒子不解地問：“假如我能少付錢的話，為何我不省點(diǎn)錢呢？”例：2014課標(biāo)II】Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,_anyone“l(fā)oseasuitcasea

10、tthelaststop?”答案與分析：Did。依據(jù)本句中l(wèi)aststop可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)當(dāng)是過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以一般疑問句的助動(dòng)詞是did?？傊?，以上解說了語(yǔ)法填空題的部分微技術(shù)，例題都來自于高考真題，具有代表性。不論試題怎樣變化，萬變不離其宗，只需堅(jiān)固掌握英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)，就必然能做好語(yǔ)法填空題中的純空格填空題。無提示詞語(yǔ)練習(xí)1.Inthebeginning,therewasonly_24_verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld.分析：空格處應(yīng)為冠詞a。2Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960

11、1279)wasveryanxioustohelp_ricecropgrowupquickly.分析：故填形容詞性物主代詞his。Thenewboylookedattheteacher_23_afewseconds.分析：afewseconds前是空格，且afewseconds不作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。表示某個(gè)動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)連續(xù)了多久，用“for時(shí)間段”。故本題應(yīng)填介詞for。3.whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_aguestintheirhouse.分析：由于aguest在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，前面必然是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語(yǔ)；又由句

12、意可知，他們“把我看作客人”來招待，表示“看作”，用介詞as。4.Thenhetook_25_off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“Thatscool.”分析：代替前面的thoseglasses，作tookoff的賓語(yǔ)，用人稱代詞的賓格them。IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and_getstherealmostinasecond.分析：and連結(jié)前后兩個(gè)句子，and后邊的句子缺主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；聯(lián)合前一分句，不難推知，“立刻可抵達(dá)那里”的是themessage，代替themessage用代詞it。6._20_hethought

13、hecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.分析：由于hethought.與hewaswrong是兩個(gè)句子，且二者之間沒相關(guān)系詞，必定是填關(guān)系詞；依據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填表示假定的If“假如”。7.Nicksguests,_20_hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhythey.分析：who指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子。高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空有提示字典范：例：2015課標(biāo)I】IdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimesto

14、nemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_(painting).答案與分析：paintings。該詞前面有限制詞many，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：2014課標(biāo)I】Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe_(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.答案與分析：changes。該詞后邊的動(dòng)

15、詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以change用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：2015課標(biāo)I】Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_(clean)thanever.答案與分析：cleaner。依據(jù)后邊比較級(jí)的標(biāo)記詞than，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)使用比較級(jí)。例：2015課標(biāo)II】Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithelectricequipment.答案與分析：ability。their后接名詞。例

16、：2015課標(biāo)II】As_(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案與分析：natural。名詞前用形容詞修飾。例：2015課標(biāo)II】Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat_(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.答案與分析：slowly。這里需要副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)giveo

17、ut。例.2014課標(biāo)I】Justbe_(patience).答案與分析：patient。這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是形容詞作表語(yǔ)。例：2015課標(biāo)II】Thiscycle_(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.答案與分析：goes。依據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)dayafterday和后邊的句子中使用的時(shí)態(tài)，可以確立該動(dòng)詞用一般此刻時(shí)態(tài)形式，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，所以動(dòng)詞用數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)形式。例：2015課標(biāo)I】Itwasr

18、aininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.答案與分析：arrived。所給動(dòng)詞arrive前是代詞I，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由于主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以這里用過去時(shí)態(tài)。例：2015課標(biāo)II】Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.答案與分析：tocool。句子“thewallshaveivengupth

19、eirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”havegivenup和are并列，所給動(dòng)詞前面沒有其余連詞，cool表示結(jié)果，所以用tocool。例：2015課標(biāo)I】Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.答案與分析：living。live與前面的people不可以形成主謂關(guān)系，又由于live與people的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)

20、關(guān)系，所以用此刻分詞living作定語(yǔ)，修飾中心詞people。例：2015課標(biāo)I】Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.答案與分析：conducted。由于這個(gè)句子里有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞names，所給動(dòng)詞不是names的并列謂語(yǔ)，它與前面名詞的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。例：2010廣東】Hespititout,_(say)itwasawful.答案與分析：saying。在這里say前沒有并列連詞，所以可以推測(cè)不是并列謂語(yǔ)，是非

21、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又由于say與主語(yǔ)he的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。參照練習(xí)一、察看詞形變換1.Hemustbe(mental)disabled.2.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.3.Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight.4.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointmen

22、t(late)thatday.5.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir(nature)course.6.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.7.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.8.“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours

23、,”Nicksaid.destroyavillage.9.“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn(possible)t”參照答案1.mentally2.warmly3.merrily6.choice7.pleased8.reasonable9.possibly4.later5.natural二、察看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.Hespititout,(say)itwasawful.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,(we

24、ar)sunglasses.4.“Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnesintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”5.Whileshewasgettingme(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmal

25、ltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.(help)itgrow”,is6.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacropbasedonthefollowingstory.(please)ashermother,whowas7.Shewishedthathewasaseasyalwaysdelightedwithperfume.參照答案1-7sayingsittingwearingthinkingsettledtohelptoplease三、察看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Thesunwassettingwhenmyc

26、ar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.3.Hewalkedinasifhe(buy)theschool.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_(inform).5.Sudd

27、enly,he(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.參照答案1-5brokenpushedhadboughtwasinformedfound四、察看形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).”Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“gr

28、ow”(high).3.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidntstopthekidsintheclass.參照答案1-3sweeterhigherharder（2015年新課標(biāo)I卷語(yǔ)法填空真題）閱讀下邊資料,用不多于1個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空。Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61._(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidncaret.Afewhours62._,Idbeenat

29、homeinHongKong,with63._(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.IskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64._arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65._(painting).Instead,IdheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,itsonly

30、anhouraway66._carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo67._(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68._(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHong

31、Kong,saysit69._(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70._(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.2015年新課標(biāo)I卷語(yǔ)法填空答案61.arrived62.before/earlier66.by67.is68.conducted63.its64.that/which69.regularly70.living65.paintings（2015年新課標(biāo)II卷語(yǔ)法填空真題2015全國(guó)二卷）閱讀下邊資料，在空白處填入適合的內(nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房）_61_(bui

32、ld)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven_62_mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_63_(able)to“aircondition”ahouse64without（use_）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthathea

33、t_65_（slow）duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_66_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:_67_thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle_68_(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)f

34、ortheoutsidetemperatures.As_69_(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_70_thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.2015年新課標(biāo)II卷語(yǔ)法填空真題語(yǔ)法填空參照答案built參照分析：過去分詞做定語(yǔ)the參照分析：最高等前加the63.ability參照分析：their后接名詞，able名詞形式ability.64.using參照分析：介詞后接動(dòng)名詞65.slowly參照分析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞giveout.66.tocool

35、參照分析：形容詞加enough后接不定式。67.at參照分析：atthesametime68.goes參照分析：依據(jù)上下文，此處用一般此刻時(shí)態(tài)。69.natural參照分析：形容詞做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。70.how參照分析：依據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用how連結(jié)賓語(yǔ)從句。2014年最新真題（2014年新課標(biāo)I卷）第二節(jié)閱讀以下資料，在空白處填入適合的內(nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix？In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland

36、,Ohio.It61_(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62_(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof63_mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.64_evenafewButtheriverwasntchangedinafewdaysmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandclea

37、nthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66_(clean)thanever.67Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordontknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,dontyouwantaquickfixandsomethingt

38、ochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69_(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70_(patience).（2014年新課標(biāo)I卷參照答案）63.gone64.earlier65.61.happened62.whenmaking66.Anyway/Besides67.it68.the69.must70.mind/memory（201

39、4年新課標(biāo)II卷語(yǔ)法填空真題）第二節(jié)閱讀以下資料，在空白處填入適合的內(nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout61_(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,62_someofthemlookedveryanxiousand63_(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext64_thewindow,soIhadagoodviewoft

40、hesidewalk.Aboyonabike65_(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused66_(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept67_(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedo

41、orofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoopupandasked,“68_anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear！Itis69_（I）”.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtothelittleboy.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone.Andthepassengers70_（sudden）becamefriendlytooneanother.201

42、4年新課標(biāo)II卷語(yǔ)法填空真題參照答案：was；actually；the；or；toreduce；cleaner；that/which；amazing；changes；patient.being;and;disappointed;to;caught;tostop;riding;Did;me/mine;suddenly.學(xué)好料迎下【例1】體（2014年新全國(guó)卷考明）Mum:(puttingonhercoat)Imgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:Imnotsurewhat1(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemontheta