a03基礎英語lesson60年9月日星期四時48分43秒

1、Lesson 60 Too early and too late Objective: the usage of “clauses”. I Warm upAre you good at managing your time?Are you often punctual for appointments?II New words & Expressionspunctual adj.(1) Acting or arriving exactly at the time appointed; prompt.準時的, 守時的, 精確地在約定的時間行動或到達eg. She is always punctu

2、al, but her friend is always late. 她總是很守時，可是她的朋友總是遲到。She is always punctual for class.她總是準時去上課(2) Paid or plished at or by the appointed time 如期的, 及時的, 在約定時間或到約定時間為止償還或完成的 eg. You should be punctual in answering business letters.你應該及時回復商業(yè)信函。 II New words & Expressionspunctually adv. 按時地, 如期地 punctua

3、lity n. 嚴守時刻, 準時e.g. Please make every endeavour to arrive punctually. 請盡量準時到達。Do you think that the plane can arrive punctually? 你認為飛機會準時到嗎？Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality.老板向我們強調守時的重要性。Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs of a civilized society.準時是文明社會各項公共事務中

4、的一項必不可少的習慣。II New words & Expressionsabstruse adj. Difficult to understand; recondite 難以理解的；深奧的eg. Your statement is a bit too abstruse. 你的話很難理解。 一個難解的問題 an abstruse questionII New words & Expressionsreproach vt. To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone); To bring shame

5、 upon; disgrace. 責備, 表達對（某人）的不贊成、批評或失望; 使丟臉, 給帶來羞恥；使蒙恥;（只是表達不滿）eg. She reproached her husband for forgetting their anniversary. 她責怪丈夫忘了他們的結婚紀念日。His mother reproached him for his bad manners.他的母親責備他禮貌不周。Such doings will reproach him.這種行徑會使他丟臉。II New words & Expressionsremonstrate v. argue in protest

6、or opposition; present and urge reasons in opposition; censure severely or angrily 抗議，抱怨；告戒，規(guī)勸；（表達不滿的同時提出抗議或規(guī)勸）remonstrate with sb. remonstrate against sth. (fml) make a protest or complaint about sb. / sth. 對某人某事提出抗議，抱怨，告戒，規(guī)勸eg. I remonstrated with him about his rudeness.他粗暴無理，我給他提了意見We remonstrate

7、 against cruelty to children.我們反對虐待兒童 II New words & Expressionsreprimand vt. To reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way 譴責，嚴厲訓斥;(尤指以正式的或官方的形式)eg. The teacher reprimanded him for playing truant.他因逃學而受到老師的嚴斥。He was reprimanded for negligence of duty.他因玩忽職守受到指責。II New words & Expressi

8、onsblame vt. To find fault with; censure. To place responsibility for (something) 指責, 找的差錯；譴責; 歸咎, 把（某事）責任歸于：（表達不滿的同時強調責任歸屬）eg. Dont blame it on him, but on me.別怪他,該怪我。They blamed the failure on George. 他們把失敗歸咎于喬治。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.他們怪罪秘書造成計劃延誤。Phrase: be to blame 應

9、受譴責eg. The children were not to blame. I am to blame. 孩子們不應受到譴責。是我不好那次交通事故不應該責怪司機。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.II New words & Expressionspuncture vt. To pierce with a pointed object. To make (a hole) by piercing. To cause to collapse by piercing. To depreciate or deflate; To

10、be pierced or punctured. 用帶尖的物體穿透; 通過刺穿導致倒塌; 貶低或降低的地位; 被刺穿或被戳eg. The tire punctured a mile from home. 在離家一英里處車胎被扎破了。He is in hospital, suffering from a punctured lung.他因肺部穿孔而住院治療。I cut remarks that punctured my ego.我減掉了那些有貶我的形象的評論。II New words & Expressionspuncture n. The act or an instance of punct

11、uring; A hole or depression made by a sharp object, especially a hole in an automotive tire. 刺的行為或事例; 用尖物弄出來的尤指機動車車帶上的小孔或凹陷eg. Im sorry Im late: My car had a puncture.很抱歉我來遲了, 我的汽車車胎被扎破了。diversion n. The act or an instance of diverting or turning aside; deviation. Something that distracts the mind a

12、nd relaxes or entertains. A maneuver that draws the attention of an opponent away from a planned point of action, especially as part of military strategy. 轉向，轉移；臨時改道；偏離; 消遣,分散注意和放松或娛樂的事; 牽制；佯攻eg. The diversion of flights is caused by fog.班機航向偏離是由大霧引起的。Sorry Im late-there was a diversion.很抱歉我來遲了, 因為改

13、道的緣故。 The magicians talk created a diversion of attention.魔術師的講話分散了人們的注意力。London offers lots of diversions for every type of person.倫敦為各種人提供許多消遣。II New words & ExpressionsII New words & Expressionstrial n. Law examination of evidence and applicable law by a competent tribunal to determine the issue

14、of specified charges or claims. The act or process of testing, trying, or putting to the proof; An effort or attempt; A state of pain or anguish that tests patience, endurance, or belief; A trying, troublesome, or annoying person or thing; A preliminary competition or test to determine qualification

15、s, as in a sport 【法律】 審判; 試驗, 檢驗、試用; 嘗試，努力; 磨難，磨煉，艱苦考驗, 耐心、承受力或信念的痛苦或苦悶的狀態(tài)： 麻煩, 惹麻煩的人（或東西），令人討厭的人（或東西）; 預賽，選拔賽eg. The man was on trial for killing somebody. 此人因殺人而受審a trial of ones faith 考驗某人的信念The child was a trial to his parents. 那孩子真讓他父母煩得夠嗆 The trial flight has succeeded. 試飛成功 預賽 a trial match人生

16、充滿著磨難。 Life is full of trials. II New words & Expressionsfraction n. A small part; a bit； 一小部分；些微eg. Could you two move a fraction closer？你們倆能不能稍微靠近一點？Only a fraction of my friends have video recorders. 我的朋友中只一小部分人有錄像機。Mothers careful with her money, and spends only a fraction of her earnings.母親用錢很審

17、慎, 只花自己收入很小的一部分。II New words & Expressionsmicroscopic adj. Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope; Exceedingly small; minute; Characterized by or done with extreme attention to detail 非用顯微鏡不可見的；微觀的; 極小的；微小的; 顯微鏡似的；任何細節(jié)都不放過的, 對細節(jié)給予極度關注的eg. microscopi

18、c examination of traces of blood用顯微鏡所作血跡檢查十分仔細的調查a microscopic investigation Its impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.他寫的字太小了，不可能看清楚。II New words & Expressionsadamant adj. Impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding 固執(zhí)的，不動搖的，堅強的，對托辭、懇求或理由無動于衷的；絕不讓步的（強調意志堅定或堅持自己的看法）eg. I

19、am adamant about it. 我堅持這一點。He was adamant in his determination to punish the corrupt officials.他下了決心,堅決懲治那些貪官污吏。Hes so adamant that however hard I tried to persuade him to join us he did not change his mind.不管我怎樣勸他跟我們一起干,他毫不動搖,不肯改變主意。II New words & Expressionsobstinate adj. Stubbornly adhering to a

20、n attitude, an opinion, or a course of action; obdurate；Difficult to manage, control, or subdue; refractory；Difficult to alleviate or cure 固執(zhí)的，頑固的，固執(zhí)地；執(zhí)迷不悟的；難于控制的，難于管理、控制或壓制的；頑皮的；倔強的；難醫(yī)治的，難于減輕或治愈的;（既可以指堅持某種態(tài)度、觀點或行為，又可以指疾病的難以治愈） eg. an obstinate resistance頑強的抵抗an obstinate child不聽話的孩子an obstinate hea

21、dache難以治愈的頭痛stubborn adj. Unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded. Firmly resolved or determined; resolute. Characterized by perseverance; persistent. Difficult to treat or deal with; resistant to treatment or effort 頑固的，不合情理的，常指執(zhí)拗的；倔強的；頑強的，有決心的；堅持不懈的；棘手的，難對付的；難于治好或克服的; （既可以指堅持某種態(tài)度、觀點或

22、行為，又可以指疾病的難以治愈） eg. as stubborn as a mule象騾子一樣頑固; 非常固執(zhí)的a stubborn resistance 頑強的抵抗a stubborn illness 頑疾a stubborn problem 棘手的問題These nails are stubborn.這些釘子不易拔出來。The lock s rather stubborn, it needs oiling.這鎖相當難打開, 要加點油了。III Text StudyPlease close your text books. Listen to the tape of the text care

23、fully and try to answer the following question: Why did the young girl miss the train?(Because her father had made a mistake and the train he wanted her to take was a mail train, not a passenger train.)Read the text by yourselves and pay attention to the usage of “clauses”.III Text StudyExplain the

24、text: Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it.Paraphrase: It is possible to disregard punctuality only in a remote country where there are few people. Structure: “Only” is put at the beginning of the sentence and the auxiliary verb “is” is put before the subject.

25、（部分倒裝）. III Text StudyExplain the text: People are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine.Paraphrase: Many people plan their time without leaving any space. When they are late because of this, they are often blamed.Structure: “when” introduces an adverbial cl

26、ause of time. “when”引導時間狀語從句。III Text StudyExplain the text: (3) Phrases: cut/run things fine, cut/run (it) fine 口(時間, 金錢等)扣得很緊, 幾乎不留余地eg. You might manage to get to the station in five minutes, but you are cutting it fine.五分鐘之內你有可能趕到車站，但時間確實太緊了。I intended to buy all these things, but I cut it a bit

27、 fine.我本打算全都買下來的，但我計劃時把錢算得太緊了。III Text StudyExplain the text: Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing ou

28、t of the station and being unable to get on it. Structure: “Although” introduces an adverbial clause of concession; the main clause is made of a compound statement connected by the second “and”. “If” introduces a conditional clause. “when” introduces an attributive clause to modify “the very moment”

29、.III Text StudyExplain the text: An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Phrase: in good time: early; in time; after a reasonable or appropriate space of time, but not immediately 及早地；準時地; 不消多久的（但并非立刻）eg. There wasnt much tra

30、ffic, so we got there in very good time. 路上車不多，所以我們早早地到了那兒。You will not be in good time for the class if you dont hurry up. 你不抓緊時間的話上課就遲到啦。- Can we have lunch now-Im hungry.”-All in good time.” -我們現(xiàn)在能吃午飯了嗎我餓了?！?很快就好了?！盩he Very person thatIII Text StudyExplain the text: She entered the station twenty

31、 minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her.Structure: “Since” introduces an adverbial clause of reason. In the main clause before introduce

32、s an adverbial clause of time; The adverbial clause of reason contains an objective clause introduced by “that”. Again the objective clause is made of a compound statement connected by “and”. Then in the second clause of the compound statement “whom” introduces an attributive clause to modify “the f

33、riends”. III Text StudyExplain the text: He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers.Paraphrase: He agreed that a train really came into the station at the time on the paper and that it really stopped, but i

34、t only stopped to load mail, not to pick up passengers.Structure: After verb “agree” is an objective clause introduced by two “that” s. And the objective clause is made of a compound statement connected by “and”. Then in the second clause of the compound statement, “but” connects another compound st

35、atement. The two “did” s are used to stress the predicative verbs “come” and “stop”.III Text StudyExplain the text: He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers.(3) Phrase: take sb./sth. on: (of a bus, plane,

36、 train, ship, etc.) allow sb./sth. to enter, take sb./sth. on board 接受(乘客); 裝載（貨物）eg. The bus stopped to take on more passengers.公共汽車停下來讓乘客上車。The ship stopped at the port and took on cargoes.輪船在港口?？恳匝b載貨物。III Text StudyThe literary type/genre of this text: an essay (a short literary composition on a

37、single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author)小品文，隨筆 (內容通常論及一個主題的短小文章，通常表達作者個人的觀點)Thesis(主題）: Both too early and two late are not so good in social communications.IV Drills & ExercisesRead the text after the tape. Pay attention to the stress and intonation and where to stop.Look for t