新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)二Unit 3

1、Born to WinBorn to WinWork in groups to answer the following questions.A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive, both as an individual and as a member of society.What does the word “winner” mean in this article? A winner is genuine. A winner is not afraid to do his

2、own thinking and to use his own knowledge. A winner is flexible. A winner has a love for life. A winner cares about the world and its people.What are the characteristics of a winner? A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behaviors. A loser has dif

3、ficulty giving and receiving love.What are the characteristics of a loser? Each person is born with what he needs to win at life. A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive, both as an individual and as a member of a society. A loser is one who fails to respond genuin

4、ely. Introduction (Para. 1) The meanings of “winner” and “l(fā)oser” (Para. 2)Few people are winners and losers all the time. (Para. 3)Characteristics of a winner A winner is genuine. A winner is independent in thinking. A winner is flexible. A winner has a love for life. A winner cares about the world

5、and its people. Winners (Para. 47) He is afraid to try new things. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care，etc. Losers (Para. 810) Possible causesCharacteristics of a loser1. W

6、hen we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. (Line 6)When we refer to as, we dont mean當(dāng)我們將看作的時(shí)候，我們并不是說(shuō)When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose.當(dāng)我們將某人稱作勝者時(shí)，我們并非指他是一個(gè)致使他人一敗涂地的人。When

7、 we refer to the computer as the dominant machine in the future, we do not mean they will take the place of human beings. 當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)是未來(lái)的主宰機(jī)器時(shí)，我們并不是說(shuō)它們將會(huì)代替人類(lèi)。當(dāng)我把學(xué)習(xí)看作是大學(xué)期間的主要任務(wù)時(shí)，我并不是說(shuō)我們就不必和社會(huì)接觸。When I refer to _ , I do not mean _. 當(dāng)我們把互利作為發(fā)展國(guó)與國(guó)之間關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)時(shí)，我們并不是說(shuō)可以為了部分國(guó)家的利益而損害世界和平。When we refer to _ _, we d

8、o not mean that_.請(qǐng)完成下面的句子：study as the chief task in college we have no necessity to contact societymutual benefits for both sides as the base todevelop relations between nationswe shallsacrifice the world peace for benefits of only some nations當(dāng)我們把一個(gè)人稱作是成功者時(shí)，我們所指的并不是那種通過(guò)通過(guò)優(yōu)勢(shì)控制他人、令其失敗而獲得成功的人。1. When

9、 we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. (Line 6)2. Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others. (Line 30)Without he does sth. Without he does sth.沒(méi)有的時(shí)候，某人，沒(méi)有, 某人這兩句

10、話既是排比，又有對(duì)比的意思。并且因?yàn)檠侯^韻，讀起來(lái)瑯瑯上口，使文章增色不少。Without you I cannot live. Without me you feel the life is pale.沒(méi)有你，我無(wú)法生活；沒(méi)有我，你覺(jué)得生活蒼白無(wú)聊。Without money I tell myself to work hard to make more. Without time I dream to pay for freedom. 沒(méi)有錢(qián)的時(shí)候，我告誡自己努力工作掙更多的錢(qián)；沒(méi)有時(shí)間的時(shí)候，我又夢(mèng)想著用錢(qián)來(lái)買(mǎi)自由。他能享受自己的成功而不感到內(nèi)疚，他也能欣賞他人的成功而不感到妒忌。2.

11、Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others. (Line 30)3. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. (Line 36)they are born dependent on 一句中，dependent on their environment 是主語(yǔ) they 的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，通

12、常位于主語(yǔ)之前或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及分詞之后，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：1) 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前，后有逗號(hào)Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2) 有時(shí)位于主語(yǔ)之后，前后皆有逗號(hào)Chen, only 1.30 meter tall, won the first prize.3) 位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后He died young. He was found died.4) 除形容詞外，名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短 語(yǔ)、從句也可做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He came home quite changed. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)即使人們生來(lái)注定會(huì)成功，但也是生來(lái)就要完全依賴于周?chē)h(huán)境

13、的。3. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. (Line 36)4. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. (Line 38) avoid doing英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞只能帶動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，avoid 就是這樣的用法。avoid 后只能跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，而不能跟不定式。跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate,

14、advocate, suggest, delay, quit, forgive, admit, tolerate, escape, consider, give up, be capable of doing, have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing, succeed in doing, keep/prevent.from doing, cannot help/cannot help but do, keep(on), spend+n.+doing, be skilled/skillful at/in doingYou must avoid givin

15、g any unnecessary information. 你應(yīng)該盡量避免提供不必要的信息。China is to avoid experiencing big ups and downs in economy in the coming year.中國(guó)將在未來(lái)的一年里避免經(jīng)濟(jì)有大的起伏。Professors should _ repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook.A) refuse B) prohibit C) prevent D) avoidTryon was extremely angry, but cool-he

16、aded enough to _ storming into the bosss office. A) prevent B) prohibit C) turn D) avoid DD在這一過(guò)程的某個(gè)時(shí)候，失敗者開(kāi)始逃避獨(dú)立。4. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. (Line 38) 1. unique (Line 1, Para. 1)adj. being the only one of its type 唯一的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的；獨(dú)特的，無(wú)雙的完成下面的句子。Drug abuse is by n

17、o means _. （這個(gè)地區(qū)所獨(dú)有的問(wèn)題）_ because all the others like it were destroyed. （那座建筑很獨(dú)特）That building is uniquea unique problem to this regionunique opportunity 千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)unique ability 獨(dú)有的能力unique work of art 獨(dú)一無(wú)二的藝術(shù)作品unique talent 無(wú)與倫比的才能unique wish 唯一的愿望1. unique (Line 1, Para. 1)adj. being the only one of

18、 its type 唯一的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的；獨(dú)特的，無(wú)雙的常用搭配名詞形式：uniqueness (Line 14, Para. 4) 唯一；獨(dú)一無(wú)二It is the _for which he will be long time remembered. 貓王(Elvis Presley)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的演唱風(fēng)格會(huì)讓他被（世人）長(zhǎng)久地記住。uniqueness of Elvis Presleys singing style 2. potential (Line 3, Para. 1)n. possibility for developing or being developed 潛力；潛能Athens

19、 Olympic gold medalists Li Ting and Sun Tiantian are_. Taiwanese pop queen Amei Chang (Zhang Huimei) _ when she was very young. 雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌得主李婷和孫甜甜是擁有巨大潛力的年輕網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。young tennis players with great potential臺(tái)灣流行天后張惠妹在很小的時(shí)候就顯示出了成為歌手的潛力。showed potential for becoming a singeradj. that may happen or become so,

20、 although not actually existing at present 潛在的；可能的 那款能聽(tīng)MP3音樂(lè)的手機(jī)擁有巨大的潛在市場(chǎng)。That type of MP3-capable mobile phone _. Solar power is a potential source of energy. 太陽(yáng)能是潛在的能量來(lái)源。has a large potential market3. refer to as (Line 6, Para. 2)mention or speak about someone or something 把稱作演講人把他稱為一位正在崛起的政界人物。The

21、 speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician.Chinese pop music fans _ Hong Kong veteran singers Liu Dehua, Zhang Xueyou, Li Ming and Guo Fucheng _. 中國(guó)的流行樂(lè)迷把香港資深歌手劉德華、張學(xué)友、黎明和郭富城稱為“四大天王”。refer toas “Four Heavenly Kings”有能力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人能以人格的力量支配他人。Capable leaders can dominate others by force of chara

22、cter.With remarkable skills and great confidence, Swiss Roger Federer can _ . 因?yàn)閾碛谐錾那蚣己蛷?qiáng)大的信心，瑞士人羅杰 費(fèi)德勒成了當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)異常激烈的男子網(wǎng)壇的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)者。4. dominate (Line 7, Para. 2)v. have or exercise control or power over 支配；統(tǒng)治；控制名詞形式：dominationdominate todays ultra-competitive mens tennis world 她對(duì)他所說(shuō)的確實(shí)感到吃驚。 She was genuinely

23、 surprised about what he said. The governments new higher taxes are genuinely beginning to bite.政府提高稅收的新措施真正地開(kāi)始引起不滿了。5. genuinely (Line 8, Para. 2) adv. sincerely, truly, honestly 真誠(chéng)地；確實(shí)，真正地 形容詞形式：genuine adj. real, not false; sincere; frank 1)真的，名副其實(shí)的; 2)真誠(chéng)的，真實(shí)的那件夾克是用真皮制成的。 That jacket is made of g

24、enuine leather. 他真誠(chéng)的演講感動(dòng)了所有的聽(tīng)眾。 His genuine speaking touched all the listeners. genuine gold/friend/support/painting 真正的 genuine passion / affection / pride / desire / hatred / love / regret / enthusiasm 真實(shí)的6. capacity (Line 12, Para. 3) n. 1) the ability to do a particular thing 能力，才智她的接受能力很強(qiáng)。 She

25、has a mind of great capacity.He is a man with a prodigious (大得驚人) capacity of alcohol. 他是個(gè)酒量很大的人。 那本英文原版小說(shuō)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了那些非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生的（理解）能力。 That original novel in English is far beyond the capacity of those non-English major students. 2) the amount that something can hold or contain 容量，容積，容納力The assembly hall

26、 was filled to capacity. That multimedia classroom _ . 那間多媒體教室能夠容納100名學(xué)生（同時(shí)上課）。大會(huì)堂里擠滿了人。 has a seating capacity of 1007. capability (Line 4, Para. 1) n. the fact or quality of being able to do something 能力，才能ability, capability與capacity ability 指某一方面的才能，后通常接不定式。 e.g. That boy has the ability to writ

27、e novels. 那個(gè)男孩有寫(xiě)小說(shuō)的能力。 capability著重強(qiáng)調(diào)人的才干，其后可與of/for doing連 用。復(fù)數(shù)形式capabilities表示潛在的能力或尚未開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái) 的能力。e.g. As an excellent table tennis player, Chinese Wang Hao has the capability of winning the gold medal in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 作為一名優(yōu)秀的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，中國(guó)的王皓有能力在2008年 北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上奪取金牌。 capacity 常指學(xué)習(xí)、理解能力或較全面的

28、才能，其后可接to do / of doing / for doing。e.g. I appreciated his capacity of/for making friends. 我欣賞他的交友能力。請(qǐng)選擇 “ability”、“capability”、“capacity”的適當(dāng)形式填空。 That kid shows an unbelievable _ for learning chemistry. I believe you have the _ to finish the task. That cartoon book goes beyond the _ of preschool re

29、aders. Those psychologists compared the _ of two teenagers and concluded that the first was smarter. But the second one still had some _ for improvement. capacityabilitycapacitycapabilitiescapability8. evaluate (Line 25, Para. 5) v. calculate or judge the value or degree of 評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估，估計(jì)_ , all the conno

30、isseurs drew the same conclusion that the pottery was an antique of Ming Dynasty. 經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的鑒定，所有鑒定家的結(jié)論都是那件陶器是一件明代的古物。The head coach will _ before deciding which player could take part in the upcoming Olympic Games. 主教練在決定由哪名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加即將到來(lái)的奧運(yùn)會(huì)之前會(huì)充分地估計(jì)各方面的重要因素。After careful evaluatingevaluate all the key facto

31、rs very carefully9. flexible (Line 28, Para. 6) adj. 1) that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs 靈活的，可變通的It is really necessary for that Oscar-winning actress to _ to handle all kinds of social intercourses. 那位奧斯卡獲獎(jiǎng)女演員非常有必要設(shè)計(jì)一份靈活的時(shí)間表來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)各種社會(huì)應(yīng)酬。 A wise political leader should be flex

32、ible in dealing with various economic issues.有智慧的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)該采取靈活變通的政策解決各種經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。 design a flexible schedule2) that can bend or be bent easily 有彈性的，柔韌的 跳舞的人的身體需要柔軟。 彈性塑料管 靈活的計(jì)劃/安排 柔順的性格 軟繩 彈性工作時(shí)間 靈活型的工作/原則 靈活機(jī)動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)術(shù) 靈活的決策體系Dancers need to be flexible.flexible plastic tubingflexible plans/arrangements a flexi

33、ble character flexible cord flexible working hours flexible rules/principles flexible strategy flexible decision-making systems10. call for (Line 29, Para.6) need or deserve 需要，值得To become an excellent golfer as Tiger Woods _. 想成為一個(gè)像老虎伍茲那樣優(yōu)秀的高爾夫球選手需要天賦與悟性。West Point, the most famous military academy

34、 of the United States, _ _. 美國(guó)最著名的軍事學(xué)府西點(diǎn)軍校需要具備使命感的年輕人的加入。calls for talent and savvycalls for those young peoplewith a true vocation11. contribute (Line 41, Para.8) v. help in causing a situation, event, or condition 有助于，促成 提示詞造句：psychological pressure, failure Great psychological pressure contribute

35、d to his failure in the English Speaking Competition. international matches, the maturity of ones skills and state of mindTaking part in international matches regularly will contribute to the maturity of young players skills and state of mind. Both of the two candidates made use of various means to

36、_. 兩位候選人使用各種手段來(lái)影響選民的意志。一些政治人物在幕后(behind the curtain)間接操縱股票市場(chǎng)。 Some political figures indirectly manipulated the stock market behind the curtain.manipulate voter s will12. manipulate (Line 47, Para.10 ) v. control or influence for ones own purposes 操縱，控制，影響名詞形式：manipulation 每個(gè)人天生就是獨(dú)特的。 一般人 一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的并富有

37、成效的人 它是個(gè)程度的問(wèn)題。 他的機(jī)會(huì)更大。 Each human being is born as something unique. a normal person a creatively productive personIts a matter of degree. His chances are greater for 他是靈活多變的。 他熱愛(ài)生活。 不斷的失望 他的低能阻礙了他。 He is flexible. He has a love for life. continuing disappointmentsHe was held back by his low capacit

38、y. Born to Win 以下介紹省略譯法中的非人稱代詞或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中代詞it的譯法。Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。（非人稱代詞） He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.他一看表，七點(diǎn)一刻了。（非人稱代詞） It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told. 只是在這個(gè)時(shí)候，我才開(kāi)始懷疑，我的經(jīng)歷究竟能不能公諸于眾呢？（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）英語(yǔ)句子中

39、有一些短語(yǔ)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，從修辭角度考慮，可按情況作適當(dāng)省略。 And that was the terrible thing that happened. 這事真是要命。There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of October.一年之中，大自然的美景莫過(guò)于十月金秋。And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed there.耶穌說(shuō)

40、完這些比喻，就離開(kāi)了那里。Born to Win 語(yǔ)篇連貫(一)學(xué)生作文反映出的語(yǔ)篇連貫錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型:語(yǔ)義不連貫。思路脫軌，或時(shí)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)軌，東拉西扯寫(xiě)得很散，致使主題不突出。生拉硬扯、語(yǔ)義不明的句子使讀者難以把握作者應(yīng)有的思路。 3. 缺乏必要的邏輯連貫。內(nèi)容排列雜亂無(wú)章，顯得前言不搭后語(yǔ)，令人十分費(fèi)解。 2. 銜接不合理。段與段或句與句之間過(guò)渡不自然，呆板生 硬，使人難以了解學(xué)生真正的寫(xiě)作意圖。 1. 利用提供的提綱、提示理清思路，確定段落間的 連貫?？窟m當(dāng)選擇與合理淘汰素材，緊扣中心思 想或主題句，使語(yǔ)義具有整體一致性。 2. 在英語(yǔ)提綱適當(dāng)位置標(biāo)明可以使用的銜接手段， 如正確的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，使句與句、

41、層次與層次、段落 與段落之間的銜接合理。 3. 辨明邏輯關(guān)系，分清內(nèi)容層次。用過(guò)程、因果、 綜述、對(duì)比和比較等組織方法，也可以利用時(shí)間、 空間順序等寫(xiě)作技巧。 在寫(xiě)下面這篇作文時(shí)，你怎樣注意連貫與銜接？ Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Definition of Success. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chine

42、se: 1. 我對(duì)成功的定義； 2. 對(duì)成功定義的詳細(xì)闡述； 3. 小結(jié)。 Success is a magic word, and everyone is in constant pursuit of (不斷追求) success. But what exactly is success? Generally, success is the realization of ones hopes and justified (正當(dāng)?shù)? ideals. Under such a general notion (概念，定義), however, people have different under

43、standings of success because the hopes and ideals they appreciate (欣賞，珍惜) vary from individual to individual (因人而異). In my point of view, the definition of success includes four steps: 1) a goal to set; 2) challenges to be met; 3) the process of surmounting (克服) difficulties, and 4) the reward of su

44、ccess. My Definition of Success In the first step, one should set a goal that is worthy of pursuing and attainable with effort. Then success begins the moment one starts to pursue the goal. Following the goal-setting, there should be challenges and the process of surmounting difficulties in the purs

45、uit of the goal. These two steps are essential because success acquires its value in accepting challenges, in overcoming difficulties and in enduring hardships. For instance, a person who inherits (繼承) a huge amount of money from his parents cannot be called a successful person because there are no

46、difficulties or hardships involved in his achieving wealth. The reward of success the final step is inseparable from the process of surmounting frustrations (挫折). This is my definition of success. However, success is just like a multi-faceted (多面的) diamond. Others may define it from other aspects. I

47、 will stick to my own definition, following the four-step path and holding the belief that I will become a potentially successful person in the near future. I. TOEFL作文題目 Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on