2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題一詞法篇第8講非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析外研版

1、2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題一詞法篇第8講非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析外研版2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題一詞法篇第8講非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析外研版PAGE 2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題一詞法篇第8講非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析外研版第8講非謂語動(dòng)詞單句語法填空單句寫作1。(2019全國(guó)卷)A 90。year。old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for （be） Britains oldest full。time employeestill working 40 hours a week。答案:being介詞for后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用其動(dòng)名詞形式。

2、2.（2018江蘇高考)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period， (exceed) the expected number of 12， 000 held by market analysts。答案：exceeding此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語,exceed與主語Around 13,500 new jobs之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與句子謂語動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。3。(2018北京高考） （travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding ex

3、perience.答案：Traveling此處為動(dòng)名詞作主語的用法。4.(2018天津高考）It took him a long time （acquire） the skills he needed to become a good dancer.答案：to acquire此處為It takes/took sb. 。. to do sth。固定句式。5.(2018天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph （take)。答案:taken此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法，take與賓語photograph之間為被動(dòng)

4、關(guān)系。1.（2019全國(guó)卷）我想讓我的咖啡館有一個(gè)諸如“唐朝”之類的特定主題。I a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty.答案：want my caf to have2.(2018全國(guó)卷)為提高水質(zhì)，政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而非水稻。The government encourages farmers corn instead of rice .答案：to growto improve water quality3.（2018北京高考）普通肥皂,正確使用的話，也能有效殺滅細(xì)菌。Ordinary soap, ， can deal with bacteria effe

5、ctively。答案:used correctly4。（2015全國(guó)卷）我希望我們所有人都能致力于保護(hù)熊貓，讓它們有一天能重歸野外去生存。We hope that all of us will devote our efforts pandas and let them in the wild again some day。答案:to protectinglive5。（2014全國(guó)卷）公交車站有很多人在等候，有些人看起來很擔(dān)憂和失望。There were many people at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and

6、.答案：waitingdisappointed考點(diǎn) 1 非謂語動(dòng)詞概述及非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語eq avs4al（一） 非謂語動(dòng)詞概述非謂語動(dòng)詞又叫非限定動(dòng)詞，它也是動(dòng)詞的一種，與謂語是相對(duì)的概念.非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞，包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），它除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外,是可以承擔(dān)句子其他成分的。非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式、意義及句法功能注意（1）having been done與done作狀語時(shí)沒有明顯區(qū)別，可以互換，但having been done不能作定語和賓補(bǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后，而done有時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)，如:fal

7、len leaves落葉。（3）有時(shí)過去分詞只表示被動(dòng)而不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間性。The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog。這個(gè)男孩正沿著街道上跑，后面跟著一只狗.Having eaten at the Cafeteria before， Tina didnt want to eat there again。蒂娜以前在這個(gè)自助餐廳吃過以后，再也不想去那兒吃了。eq avs4al（二) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1不定式作定語不定式作定語，通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂、動(dòng)賓或同位關(guān)系。(1）表示將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，根據(jù)

8、需要不定式可用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)形式。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下個(gè)月將要出版的第一本書是以一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事為依據(jù)寫的。I borrowed some books to read during my holiday。我借了一些假期讀的書。(2)常被不定式修飾的名詞有：chance, need， promise， ability， way, opportunity， right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位關(guān)系。He had no chance to go to s

9、chool before 1949。在1949年前他沒有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有用英語讀和寫的能力嗎？(3)名詞或代詞由序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾，一般用不定式作定語，表主謂關(guān)系。She likes to listen to Mr Lis lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主謂關(guān)系)她喜歡聽李先生的課，所以她總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)走的學(xué)生。(4）在表示有要做的事情時(shí)，通常用不定式作定語，不定式

10、與被修飾詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Do you have anything to be typed， sir？No, thanks.先生，你有東西要打印嗎?-沒有，謝謝。There is a lot of work to do。有許多活要干。注意若不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則要在該動(dòng)詞后加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。,I have no pen to write with.,我沒有寫字用的鋼筆。2現(xiàn)在分詞作定語（1）現(xiàn)在分詞形式的主動(dòng)式(doing）作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。Recently a survey comparing prices of the same go

11、ods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens。近來，一個(gè)把兩家不同超市里的相同商品的價(jià)格做比較的調(diào)查引發(fā)了市民的激烈討論。(2）現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式(being done)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。The houses being built are for the teachers。正在建的那些房子是給老師們的。(3）現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。單個(gè)詞通常要前置，短語要后置。John has really got the

12、 job because he showed me the official letter offering him it。（定語從句John .。 the official letter which/that offers him it。）約翰的確得到了這份工作,因?yàn)樗o我看了提供他工作的正式信函。3過去分詞作定語過去分詞（短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。Tsinghua University， founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures。建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是無

13、數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。The question discussed （which was discussed) yesterday is important.昨天討論的問題是重要的。注意作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式：doing和done.doing表示正在進(jìn)行;done表示已經(jīng)完成.boiling water 正在沸騰的水boiled water 開水developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家4動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)常置于被修飾詞之前，用于說明事物的用途或性能。a walking stick a stick （which is used

14、) for walking拐杖a washing machinea machine (which is used) for washing 洗衣機(jī)a reading rooma room (which is used) for reading 閱覽室考點(diǎn) 2 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1常見的非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu):“動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)”，而在考查過程中，經(jīng)常見到的一種結(jié)構(gòu)是其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“be done to do”My mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.(主動(dòng)語態(tài)）I was allowed to

15、watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening。 （被動(dòng)語態(tài)）我媽媽允許我晚上做完作業(yè)后看電視。因此，在熟練掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下，更要注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)中補(bǔ)語的結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的動(dòng)詞有：ask, want， invite, get, force, expect， allow， persuade, order, warn， remind, prefer, cause, permit， forbid, advise， teach等.2感官動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)感官動(dòng)詞(短語）see， watch, observe， look at， notice, hear,

16、 listen to， feel的賓語補(bǔ)足語主要有三種形式,試比較(以see為例）：eq avs4al(see,賓語)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(blc rc(avs4alco1(doing sth?？匆?正在做某事,do sth。 看見，做了某事）avs4alco1（賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語，之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系），done看見被做賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之，間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系)I heard her sing an English song just now.（主動(dòng)，完成)剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed b

17、y her room yesterday.(主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行)昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她正在唱一首英文歌.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被動(dòng)，無時(shí)間性）為了學(xué)好英語，我們應(yīng)該找機(jī)會(huì)盡可能多地聽英語。3使役動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)eq avs4al(1make,賓語)eq blcrc （avs4alco1(do sth。 讓做某事，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,done讓被做,賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系）eq avs4al(2have，賓語)e

18、q blcrc （avs4alco1(blc rc(avs4alco1(do sth。 使做某事，doing sth。 使持續(xù)，做某事)） avs4alco1（賓語與賓語,補(bǔ)足語之間,存在主動(dòng)關(guān),系)，done使被做/遭受賓語與賓語，補(bǔ)足語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系)注意1在以上省去to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，若變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，需將省去的不定式符號(hào)to補(bǔ)出來。He made his workers work 12 hours a day.主動(dòng)His workers were made to work 12 hours a day。被動(dòng)他讓他的工人們每天工作12個(gè)小時(shí)。2have還可以用于“have sth

19、. to do/to be done”結(jié)構(gòu)中,其中have作“有”講，用不定式作定語。I have something urgent to inform you。我有很緊急的事要通知你們。eq avs4alco1（3get賓語)eq blcrc （avs4alco1(blc rc（avs4alco1(to do sth。 使做某事，doing sth. 使開始做,某事）) avs4alco1（賓語與賓語，補(bǔ)足語之間存,在主動(dòng)關(guān)系）,done使被做賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語，之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系）He got me to post the letter for him.他讓我替他寄信。Alexander tr

20、ied to get his work recognized in the medical circles。亞歷山大努力使他的工作被醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)可。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)。eq avs4alco1（4keep/，leave) eq blcrc (avs4alco1（sb./sth。 doing sth。使某人/物一直做某事，sb./sth. done 使某人/物被表示,被動(dòng)或完成,或表示狀態(tài))）Im sorry to have kept

21、 you waiting for so long.對(duì)不起讓你久等了.4表示“知道”或“認(rèn)為”的動(dòng)詞believe， consider， feel, know, think, suppose, understand， imagine等的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞賓語to do/to have done/to be doing以及其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語be以上動(dòng)詞的過去分詞to do/to have done/to be doing和主語besaid/reported 。 to do/to have done/to be doing。其中，to do表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；to have done表動(dòng)

22、作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前；to be doing表動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。The famous artist was said to have bought birds kept in the cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.據(jù)說那個(gè)著名的藝術(shù)家為了體驗(yàn)/享受放飛鳥的快樂,買了被困在籠子里的鳥。5with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語)作狀語，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，關(guān)鍵是看賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間的關(guān)系With time passing by, he almost f

23、orgot everything in the past.隨著時(shí)間的流逝,他幾乎忘記了過去所有的事情。（time和pass by之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系）He sat on the chair， with his hands tied behind his back.他坐在椅子上,雙手在背后捆著。（hands和tie之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)注意“with賓語to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如with譯為“有”的意思，不定式表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作且與賓語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此時(shí)用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。With a lot of problems to solve, the newlyelected president will

24、 have a hard time.有許多問題要解決，這個(gè)新選出的總統(tǒng)將有一段艱難的時(shí)期.考點(diǎn) 3 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是句子主語。兩者不一致時(shí)，則要補(bǔ)出其邏輯主語，即構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1不定式作狀語（1)作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用“in order to/so as to動(dòng)詞原形”，但so as to不用于句首.He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus。In order to catch the first bus, he

25、 got up early。為了趕上第一班公共汽車，他起床很早。（2)作結(jié)果狀語a不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。作結(jié)果狀語的不定式通常用一般式，為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)可在不定式前加上only。I rushed to the station， only to find the train had already gone.我匆忙趕到火車站,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了.b不定式作結(jié)果狀語還常用于so 。. as to 。., such 。.。 as to .。.， enough to .。, too .。 to .。等結(jié)構(gòu)中.She was so late as to mis

26、s half of the lecture.她來得如此晚以至于錯(cuò)過了一半的演講。She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students。她是個(gè)如此好的老師，以至于受到她所有學(xué)生的尊敬。The house is large enough to hold two hundred people。這座房子足夠大，可以容納兩百人。（3）作原因狀語不定式與情感類形容詞連用時(shí)，大多表示原因，用來作原因狀語。這類形容詞主要有：happy， kind， surprised， frightened， shocked， glad， deli

27、ghted， disappointed等。They were surprised to be informed of the news.被告知這一消息他們感到吃驚。She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted。得知兒子升職了，她很高興。注意不定式作目的狀語在句子后面時(shí),不用逗號(hào)隔開，位于句子前面時(shí)可以用逗號(hào)隔開。英語中只用不定式作目的狀語，因此，考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，首先考慮是否是不定式作目的狀語，然后再判斷其他情況。（4）動(dòng)詞不定式也可以跟在一些作表語的形容詞easy, hard， difficult, pleasant

28、， good， fit， comfortable等后面作狀語,構(gòu)成“主語be形容詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，在該結(jié)構(gòu)中構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞和句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。另外需注意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞，若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語.This book is difficult to understand.這本書很難懂.The picture is pleasant to look at。這張畫很好看。2現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式,即doing表示動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,與句子的主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系.

29、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式即having done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note。（主動(dòng)意義,非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生）看到?jīng)]人在家，她決定給他們留個(gè)便條。Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.（主動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前）等了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，他意識(shí)到他把錢包落在了家中.Having been asked to work

30、overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film。（被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前）我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影.3過去分詞作狀語(1）過去分詞（短語)作狀語時(shí)可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨和結(jié)果等，也可以改為相應(yīng)的從句或并列句.Given enough money, Id buy that car at once。If I am given enough money， Id buy that car at once.如果有足夠的錢,我會(huì)馬上買下那輛車.注意在when， while， if, as

31、if， though， as， until， once， whether， unless， where等連詞連接的狀語從句中，常省略跟主句主語相同的主語和be動(dòng)詞，形成“連詞分詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)。When treated with kindness， he was very lovely。當(dāng)友好地對(duì)待他時(shí)，他很可愛。（2）部分過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated (坐著的）， hidden （躲著的）， lost/absorbed in (沉溺于）, born in (出身于）， dressed in （穿著)， tired

32、of (厭煩了）， faced with (面對(duì))以及表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.如：interested， surprised， satisfied， moved等。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room。專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。Faced with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.面對(duì)海水不斷上漲（的情況），有些位于太平洋的國(guó)家正考慮在不久的將來搬遷.注意1

33、以上這類的過去分詞，從漢語理解方面,邏輯主語與該動(dòng)詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,但應(yīng)使用過去分詞.此類詞后往往緊跟一個(gè)介詞,故在不能理解其用法時(shí),若空格后緊跟一個(gè)介詞，且填非謂語動(dòng)詞，則可填過去分詞.2選擇分詞作狀語時(shí)，主要分辨該動(dòng)詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系：如果兩者間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果兩者間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過去分詞；兼顧注意動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系。區(qū)別下面的句子：Seen from the top of the hill， the park looks even more beautiful.see與主語the park之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系從山頂上看，這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。Seeing from the t

34、op of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.see與主語we之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。4獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”又稱“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，是帶有自己主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞分句和無動(dòng)詞分句。它在語法上有自己的邏輯主語，結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系.其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句。有時(shí)也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語）作狀語.（1)名詞/主格代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.The girl staring at him (As the girl stared at him）， he d

35、idnt know what to say.那個(gè)女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好.(2）名詞/主格代詞過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The problems solved (As the problems were solved）, the quality of the products has improved a lot。隨著問題的解決，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了許多。(3)名詞/主格代詞不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He is going to make a plane model, some old parts to h

36、elp。借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個(gè)飛機(jī)模型?？键c(diǎn) 4 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、賓語和表語1動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞（短語）作主語不定式(短語)作主語,表示某一具體的,尤其是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞(短語)作主語，表示抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作,尤其是一般行為傾向.兩者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主語，而把不定式或動(dòng)名詞(短語)置于后面。動(dòng)名詞(短語）用it作形式主語代替時(shí)，常用于“It is no use/good doing sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中。不定式和動(dòng)名詞（短語）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Its not easy to learn English well。Reading as much as possible

37、 is necessary.學(xué)好英語不容易,廣泛閱讀是有必要的。It is no good learning without practice。只學(xué)習(xí)不實(shí)踐沒有好處.Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.對(duì)數(shù)字進(jìn)行定期更新很重要。2動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞可用作賓語(1)afford， agree, ask, decide, desire， expect, fail, hope, manage, promise， pretend, plan， intend, refuse, wish等動(dòng)詞后要接不定式作賓語.We cannot a

38、fford to ignore this warning.我們對(duì)這個(gè)警告不能等閑視之。(2)come, get, grow后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，意為“逐漸地”.She has a hot temper， but you will grow to like her。她脾氣很急,但你會(huì)漸漸喜歡她的。（3）admit, appreciate, avoid， consider, delay， dislike, enjoy, escape， excuse, finish， imagine, keep, mind， miss， practise, risk， resist， suggest等動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)名詞

39、作賓語。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation。比爾建議召開一個(gè)關(guān)于在假期為世博會(huì)做些什么的會(huì)議。(4）give up， feel like， keep on， insist on, look forward to， put off, devote .。 to, object to， be busy （in)， get down to， have difficulty/trouble (in)， have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)， ha

40、ve fun等短語后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant。在那個(gè)餐館,我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物.（5）動(dòng)詞like, love, prefer， hate等后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語均可。但表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作要用動(dòng)名詞,表示具體的行為要用不定式.I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon。我喜歡游泳，但今天下午不想去。（6)動(dòng)詞need, require， want作“需要”講時(shí)

41、，其后要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語。且句子的主語通常為表示事物的名詞。與此有相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有deserve “值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦了。(7)介詞后一般要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，如前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式就要省略to。Upon arriving at the airport， he delivered an important speech。一到機(jī)場(chǎng)，他就發(fā)表了重要演講。He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.無事

42、可做,他只能躺下睡覺.(8）動(dòng)詞,如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等常用于“。 itadj。/n。to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式賓語，to do為真正的賓語，形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語.He found it difficult to work out the problem.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解決這一問題.（9)既可用動(dòng)名詞,又可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動(dòng)詞：例詞后接動(dòng)名詞后接不定式remember/forget/regretremember/forget/regret doing表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生remember/forget/regret

43、to do表示動(dòng)作未發(fā)生trytry doing 試著做try to do 努力做stopstop doing停止正在做的事stop to do停下來做別的事I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there。我仍記得別人帶我去過法門寺,并記得在那里所看到的事物.-I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.Not successful? I performed pretty well in my intervie

44、w!-我很遺憾地通知你，你的申請(qǐng)沒有成功.沒成功？在面試中我表現(xiàn)得很出色呀!3動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞。ing形式和過去分詞可用作表語(1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞.ing形式或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的，而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞。The story sounds interesting。這個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。She is interested in the story。她對(duì)那個(gè)故事感興趣。(2)表示一般的概念時(shí),不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式可以互換，而表示具體的、個(gè)別的動(dòng)作或有將來含義時(shí),一般用不定式.What she likes is watching/to watch children play

45、.她喜歡的事情就是看孩子們玩耍。My wish is to become a good teacher。我的愿望就是要當(dāng)個(gè)好老師。注意下列情況下不定式作表語通常省略to：1主語是all其后有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句或what引導(dǎo)的從句，且從句中含有do的某種形式時(shí).2主語是the only， the first， the last，形容詞最高級(jí)或被這些詞修飾，主語后有定語從句,且定語從句中含有do的某種形式時(shí)。All you need to do now is complete the form.你現(xiàn)在要做的是把這張表填好。What I want to do most in senior hig

46、h school is improve my English。我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。The only thing to do now is go on。前進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。（3）“特殊疑問詞/whether不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)不定式用法的一個(gè)擴(kuò)展。其用法為：eq blcrc （avs4alco1(a.語法功能：作主語、賓語、表語等,b。常見特殊疑問詞：疑問代詞who， what， which等，和疑問副詞how, when， where等，c?！疤厥庖蓡栐~/whether不定式”相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，性從句，所以常常可以用對(duì)應(yīng)的從句來代替)）The teacher taugh

47、t the students how to do the experiment.(作賓語)老師教學(xué)生們?nèi)绾巫鲞@個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn).When to start （When we shall start) has not been decided.(作主語)何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。The problem is where to put this computer。(作表語)問題是該把這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)放在哪兒。注意1“特殊疑問詞/whether不定式通常用在tell，show, understand， explain, teach， learn， discuss等詞后作賓語.2“特殊疑問詞/whether不定式”作主語時(shí),

48、謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。3“特殊疑問詞/whether不定式中，用特殊疑問副詞和whether時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式;用疑問代詞，且構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞與疑問代詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,且不定式后一般不能再加賓語。誤區(qū)eq avs4al(一)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用（1)【誤】The lady walked around the shops， kept an eye out for bargains.【正】The lady walked around the shops， keeping an eye out for bargains.分析句子主語lady和keep之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系,

49、而且walk和keep所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。(2）【誤】Today there are more airplanes carry more people than ever before in the skies。【正】Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.【正】Today there are more airplanes which/that carry more people than ever before in the skies。分析此

50、句是there be結(jié)構(gòu),故carry應(yīng)用非謂語形式。因airplanes和carry之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞carrying作后置定語，相當(dāng)于which/that carry.誤區(qū)eq avs4al（二）非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的誤用（1)【誤】Seeing from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees?！菊縎een from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.分析此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作

51、狀語,邏輯主語the south foot of the mountain與see之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。(2）【誤】I am awfully tiring， but I know Ill never fall asleep。【正】I am awfully tired， but I know Ill never fall asleep。分析描述人的心理狀態(tài),應(yīng)用過去分詞,tired表示“勞累的，疲勞的”。(3)【誤】We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall?！菊縒e dont allow smoking in the lecture hal

52、l。分析allow要接v.。ing形式作賓語;用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,要用allow sb。 to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(4）【誤】Passengers are permitted carrying only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane?！菊縋assengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane。分析permit要接v.ing形式作賓語;接主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用be permitted to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(5)【誤】Ive been

53、looking forward to hear from you.【正】Ive been looking forward to hearing from you。分析短語look forward to中的to為介詞，故接動(dòng)名詞作賓語.(6)【誤】This boy was seen come late this morning?！菊縏his boy was seen to come late this morning。分析感官動(dòng)詞see， watch, notice等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后不定式需要帶to。(7)【誤】I looked up and noticed a snake wind its w