2022年住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)英語試題

1、住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)英語試題姓名： 成績第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分?jǐn)M定1個(gè)意義最為接近旳選項(xiàng)。 1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A unclear B obvious C major D minor 2 The sea turtles natural habitat has been considerably reduced. A greatly B suddenly C generally D sligh

2、tly 3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting 4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A raise B pose C experience D handle 5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A ignored B organized C caused D received 6 J

3、ane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. A spend B take C last D stand 7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic B happy C alone D busy 8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage. A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting 9 A young man is being hailed a hero t

4、onight after rescuing two children. A reported B proved C praised D caught 10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A anxious B sure C sad D afraid 11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A give B attach C lose D understand 12 Anderson l

5、eft the table, remarking that he had some work to do. Adoubting B saying C thinking D knowing 13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged 14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college student

6、s taking science courses. A relative B general C continuous D sharp 15 She always finds fault with everything. A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines 第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分) 下面旳短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供旳是對旳信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句旳信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。 Relieving the Pain Exerci

7、se may be the best treatment of chronic pain, say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising.The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that

8、this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumber (腰部旳)pains are partly the price humans pay for takin

9、g their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不動旳) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽) , the bodys fee

10、l-good chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body. Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercis

11、e. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or series of different drugs. Its crazy, says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for th

12、e Study of Pain. Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. Ive just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names. A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patient

13、s have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity. In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercise, followed by an

14、hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi(太極) self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a half hours physiotherapy(理療) a week in a traditional hospital program. The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confid

15、ence, explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner that those subjected to more conservative treatment. 16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around. A Right B Wrong C Not mentio

16、ned 17 Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Backache sufferers

17、often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Exercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部

18、分：概括大意與完畢句子(第2330題，每題1分，共8分) 下面旳短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第2730題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子擬定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Owls and Larks(貓頭鷹與云雀) 1 In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first p

19、lace? We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damag

20、ing is it? The truth is that its difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion. 2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to

21、 do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following mor

22、ning. 3 The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where th

23、ey can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning-an owls or a larks lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring ma

24、ximum refreshment is probably the secret. 4 As for naps, experts on insomnia(失眠)argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert i

25、n evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, its not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁), do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking co

26、ffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicki

27、ng in. 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ A What should we avoid? B How much sleep do we need? C Which is better, being an owl or a lark? D Why do we need sleep? E What makes people owls or larks? F What helps us fall asleep? 27 Sleep helps brain to _. 28 Parents wit

28、h very young children tend to _ 29 A good lifestyle means one can _. 30 It is good advice for most people to _. A sleep enough to bring most refreshment B keep away from coffee in the evening C stay up till the early hours of the morning D get up quite early E store memories in the brain F rebuild m

29、emories stored during the day 第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l45題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題擬定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular

30、with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may s

31、uffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some

32、 medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt re

33、member even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree. What is it that mak

34、es mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety contin

35、ues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning l

36、abel that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often 31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A theyre popular B theyre useful C theyre convenient D theyre cheap 32 The world detected in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

37、A cured B removed C discovered D caused 33 The salesman retired young because A he couldnt remember simple tasks B he disliked using mobile phones C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone D his employers doctor persuaded him to 34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing compani

38、es A hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health 35 The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people A

39、 to buy mobile phones B to use mobile phones less often C to update regular phones D to stop using mobile phones 第二篇 Immune Functions The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on

40、 a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune respons

41、e that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (

42、入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The bodys immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immun

43、e system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗體)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so calle

44、d immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules an

45、d cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (過敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate a

46、nd harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes trans

47、planted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes

48、(抗原表位), which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations do

49、es the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack. 36 What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system? A The immune systems memory. B Bees flying around a hive. C Immune troops eliminating intruders. D A sea of m

50、icrobes. 37 The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as A balance. B harmony. C tolerance. D self-tolerance. 38 How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as foreign or nonself? A Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface. B Through an allergic res

51、ponse. C Through blood type. D Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface. 39 Which of the following statements is true? A Allergens are usually harmful substances. B Antigens can trigger an immune response. C People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses. D There is no diffe

52、rence between an antigen and an allergen. 40 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself. B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response. C One of the immune systems primary

53、functions is the allergic response. D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes. 第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物旳）Resistance The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global publi

54、c health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics (抗生素) normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing

55、and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains (菌株) and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant b

56、acteria. An article published in 7he Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awa

57、reness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.

58、 Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical (制藥旳) industry, and international agencies. WHO strongly recommends that governments focus con

59、trol and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiot

60、ics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities. Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-kn