《商務(wù)英語語法》6-Subjunctive Mood(Lecture 16)

1、Lecture 16Subjunctive MoodWhat we are going to doTask OneTask TwoTask ThreeTask One:Lead-in Questions:How do you understand “mood” in English grammar?Review of the term “mood”Mood, as a grammatical category, is a finite verb form that indicates whether an utterance expresses a fact (indicative mood陳

2、述語氣), a command or request (imperative mood祈使語氣), or a non-fact and hypothesis (subjunctive mood虛擬語氣). end task oneTask Two: Understand the Uses of subjunctive moodSubjunctive mood can be used in:I. adverbial clauses（狀語從句）II. nominal clauses（名詞從句）III. other structures（其他結(jié)構(gòu)）I. 狀語從句 if clause (conditi

3、onal) (p187)Question: What are the verb forms in if-clause? 從 句 主 句1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反past formwould, should, might, could + do2. 與過去事實相反 had + done would, should, might, could + have done3. 與將來事實可能相反past formshould + 動詞原形were to + 動詞原形would, should, might, could + do 1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 I would offer to give you a l

4、ift if I had my car here now. 2. 與過去事實相反If my girlfriend hadnt been ill last Sunday, she would have gone to the concert with me. 3. 與將來事實可能相反If you lived there for a day or two, you would change your mind about that place.If he were to have a chance, he would move to New York. If she should go away,

5、 I would be unhappy. Omission of “if”（省略if）在書面語中，條件從句中可以不用if，而將should, had, were 移至主語之前。Should any of this project cost you anything (= if any of this project should cost you anything), send me the bill. Had they not rushed Joseph to hospital (=if they hadnt rushed Joseph to hospital), he would have

6、 died. Were you in my position (= if you were in my position), you would do the same thing.錯綜時間條件句 / 混合條件句mixed conditional sentences當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表述的時間不一致時，虛擬語氣中動詞的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：If Joseph hadnt missed that bus, he 過去 could be having lunch at home now. 現(xiàn)在Self-study Section Topic: Implied conditional clause

7、(含蓄虛擬條件句 P188 ） II. Subjunctive mood in nominal clause（用于名詞性從句中的虛擬）1. wishclause (p187)Question: Whatre the verb forms in this structure?I wish I was/were as young as you.（現(xiàn)在意義: 動詞過去式）I wish she had been here yesterday.（過去意義：過去分詞）Anna wishes she could have a new dress.（將來意義：某些情態(tài)動詞+動詞）2. 表示命令，決定，建議等意

8、義的詞語之后的名詞從句：（P181182)問題：從句中的動詞使用何種形式？從句動詞形式：(should) + 動詞原形He ordered that all the books (should) be sent at once. It is necessary that he (should) come back without delay. We were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished.學(xué)習(xí)要求：牢記出現(xiàn)在此類句型中的標(biāo)志性詞匯具體內(nèi)容見教材181182 頁(a) (b) (c)中例詞III. In oth

9、er structures（其它結(jié)構(gòu)）1. It is (high/about) time (that) (P186)Question: What are the forms of the verbs in this structure?Verbs in past formIt is time (that) we left this place.It is high time (that) you made up your mind.2. would rather（寧愿）, would sooner（寧愿）, would just as soonas（也行，也行)(p186) Question

10、: What are the forms of the verbs in this structure?Im sure he is keeping something back. Id rather he told me the truth.They offered me this expensive wine, but frankly Id rather they had offered me some beer.注：would rather 后可直接跟動詞：Id rather stay at home.3. If only (p186)Question: What are the form

11、s of the verbs in this structure?要是他現(xiàn)在在這就好了！If only he were here!要是上周我沒生病該多好??！If only I had not been ill last week!注：也常用could/would do If only I could swim.4. . as if / as though Question: What are the forms of the verbs in this structure?He behaves as if he owned this place.The woman talked eloquen

12、tly about the accident as though she had witnessed the whole thing.They are staring at me as if I was / were crazy.注：此句型中也多用陳述語氣She looks as if she is going to cry.(P187)5. lest, for fear that, in case 引導(dǎo)的從句lestfor fear that + 主語 + should + 動詞原形in caseThe driver looked over the engine carefully lest

13、 it should go wrong on the way. （should可省去）They carried the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. （should可省去）注：in case 也常用于陳述語氣Take your umbrella in case it rains.Self-study SectionTopic:subjunctive mood in certain formulaic expressions（一些公式化的表達(dá)方式）P182183 Example: So be it. Far be

14、 it from me to spoil the fun. 1. Exercise 16 B (120) 2. Exercise 16 C (120) 3. Assignment SET 3 finish task twoAssignmentTask Three:TEM 4 & Subjunctive Mood1. My boss ordered that the legal documents _ to him before lunch. (2012, 54) A. be sent B. were sent C. were to sent D. must be sent1. My boss

15、ordered that the legal documents _ to him before lunch. (2012, 54) A. be sent B. were sent C. were to sent D. must be sent2. Its getting late. Id rather you _ now. (2011, 61) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave2. Its getting late. Id rather you _ now. (2011, 61) A. left B. leave C. are lea

16、ving D. will leave3. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. (2010, 60) A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in3. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. (2010, 60) A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in4. If there were no subjunctiv

17、e mood, English _ much easier to learn. (2009, 52) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been4. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. (2009, 52) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been5. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,

18、 she _ much better results now. (2008, 52) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 5. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. (2008, 52) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 6. If only the patient _ a different tre

19、atment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. (2007, 54) A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving6. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. (2007, 54) A. had received B. received C. shou

20、ld receive D. were receiving7. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties. (2007, 65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues7. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties. (2007, 65) A. wil

21、l continue B. continued C. continue D. continues8. If only I _ play the guitar as well as you! (2006, 52) A. would B. could C. should D. might 8. If only I _ play the guitar as well as you! (2006, 52) A. would B. could C. should D. might 9. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests. (2006, 54)

22、 A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop 9. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests. (2006, 54) A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop 10. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. (2006, 59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attrac

23、t D. has to 10. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. (2006, 59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to 11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (2005, 51) A. would be B. will hav

24、e been C. was D. were 11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (2005, 51) A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 12. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005, 60) A. betrayedta

25、ke B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake12. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005, 60) A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake13. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contract

26、 your dealer for advice. (2005, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had13. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contract your dealer for advice. (2005, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had14. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know befo

27、rehand? (2004, 54) A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised14. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (2004, 54) A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have be

28、en surprised15. It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. (2004, 56) A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in 15. It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. (2004, 56) A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in 16. She would just

29、 _ stay _ go. (2003, 64) A. as soon; as B. rather; as to C. prefer; to D. sooner; as16. She would just _ stay _ go.（留也行，走也行） (2003, 64) A. as soon; as B. rather; as to C. prefer; to D. sooner; as17. Whichofthefollowingsentences containssubjunctivemood? (2013, 54)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore

30、 5oclock.B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshe takes thecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthe secondtrafficlights.D.Paulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotget hisvisabyFriday.17. Whichofthefollowingsentences containssubjunctivemood? (2013, 54)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore 5oclock. B.Sheusedt

31、odrivetowork,butnowshe takes thecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthe secondtrafficlights.D.Paulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotget hisvisabyFriday.18.Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013, 63) A.wastorain B.weretorain C.wasraining D.hadrained18.Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013, 63) A.wastorain B.weretorain C.wasraining D.hadrained19. It is esse