英文文獻及翻譯供配電系統

1、供配電系統摘要：電力系統的基本功能是向用戶輸送電能。10炒配電網是連接供電電源與工業(yè)、商業(yè)及生活用電 的樞紐，其網絡龐大及復雜。對于所有用戶都期望以最低的價格買到具有高度可靠性的電能。然而， 經濟性與可靠性這兩個因素是互相矛盾的。要提高供電網絡的可靠性就必須增加網絡建設投資成本。 但是，如果提高可靠性使用戶停電損失的降低小于用于提高可靠性所增加的投資，那么這種建設投資 就沒有價值了。通過計算電網的投資和用戶停電的損失，最終可找到一個平衡點，使投資和損失的綜 合經濟性最優(yōu)。關鍵詞：供配電，供電可靠性，無功補償，負荷分配1引言電力體制的改革引發(fā)了新一輪大規(guī)模的電力建設熱潮從而極大地推動了電力技術革

2、命新技術新設 備的開發(fā)與應用日新月異特別是信息技術與電力技術的結合在很大程度上提高了電能質量和電力供應 的可靠性由于技術的發(fā)展又降低了電力建設的成本進而推動了電網設備的更新換代本文就是以此為契 機以國內外配電自動化中一些前沿問題為內容以配電自動化建設為背景對當前電力系統的熱點技術進 行一些較深入的探討和研究主要完成了如下工作提出了配電自動化建設的兩個典型模式即一體化模式和分立化模式側重分析了分立模式下的 配電自動化系統體系結構給出了軟硬件配置主站選擇管理模式最佳通訊方式等是本文研究的前提和實 現平臺.針對配電自動化中故障測量定位與隔離以及供電恢復這一關鍵問題分析了線路故障中電壓電 流等電量的變

3、化導出了相間短路工況下故障定位的數學描述方程并給出了方程的解以及故障情況下幾 個重要參麴U& s I& e I&選擇表通過對故障的自動診斷與分析得出了優(yōu)化的隔離和恢復供電方案自 動實現故障快速隔離與網絡重構減少了用戶停電范圍和時間有效提高配網供電可靠性文中還給出了故 障分段判斷以及網絡快速重構的軟件流程和使用方法狀態(tài)估計是實現配電自動化中關鍵技術之一本文在闡述狀態(tài)估計方法基礎上給出了不良測量 數據的識別和結構性錯誤的識別方法針對狀態(tài)估計中數據對基于殘差的壞數據檢測和異常以及狀態(tài)量 中壞數據對狀態(tài)估計的影響及存在的問題提出了狀態(tài)估計中拓撲錯誤的一種實用化檢測和辯識方法針 對竊電漏計電費問題獨創(chuàng)性

4、提出一種通過電量突變和異常分析防止竊電的新方法并在濰坊城區(qū)配電得 到驗證.(4 )針對配電網負荷預測建模困難參數離散度大以及相關因素多等問題本文在分析常規(guī)負荷預測 模型及方法基礎上引入了氣象因素日期類型社會環(huán)境影響等參數給出了基于神經網絡的電力負荷預測 方法實例驗證了方法的正確性針對無源濾波在抑制諧波和無功補償方面的不足以及補償度的不連續(xù)性本文提出了5 主電路拓樸結構和基于無功功率理論的有源濾波方案建立了基SBber Designer仿真平臺仿真分析 證明了方案的可行性同時結合配電自動化技術對配電網動態(tài)無功優(yōu)化補償和降低線損的方法進行了設 計分析通過實例計算驗證了其客觀的經濟效益針對中國電力市

5、場未來的發(fā)展趨勢以及政府監(jiān)管下的電力市場公平交易設計了一種適合我國 電力市場現狀按照電價分組電量協調分組競價的短期電力交易模式給出了基于邊際電價的機組組合算 法制訂交易計劃的數學模型以及安全經濟約束等在競爭比例逐步提高的情況下能夠較好地解決原有中 長期合同電價和短期競爭電價的矛盾減少電廠不公平的收益差異同時也可在電力市場全網的負荷曲線 上對所有電廠進行限量優(yōu)化減少總的系統購電費用2配電網分析配電網是電力系統中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，配電網接地方式和安全運行直接關系到電力系統的安全和 穩(wěn)定。而接地方式的選擇，是與本國國情、自然環(huán)境、設備制造和運行水平等有關的，例如，雷電的 活動情況、絕緣結構的設計、對周

6、邊的干擾等因素，都會影響中性點接地方式的選擇反過來，中性點 接地方式對電力系統的設計、運行、調試以及發(fā)展都有很大影響。一般在電壓等級較高的系統中，絕 緣費用在設備總價格中占相當大的比重，降低絕緣水平帶來的經濟效益很顯著，通常就采用中性點直 接接地的方式，而采用自動重合閘來保證供電可靠性相反，在電壓等級較低的系統中，通常都采用中 性點不接地的方式來提高供電可靠性。因此，在綜合考慮供電可靠性、安全因素、過電壓因素、繼電 保護的選擇、投資費用等各方面因素的情況下，來論證正確選擇配電網接地方式的重要性，以及如何 不斷開發(fā)，利用新型接地裝置來應用在配電網接地系統中是當今配電網接地方式的一個重要課題。本文

7、主要工作是MLQkV配電網接地方式進行研究和比較選擇。分別論述各類接地方式的優(yōu)缺點， 主要有國內外比較常用的中性點不接地方式、中性點經消弧線圈接地方他稱諧振接地方式、中性 點電阻接地方式、中性點直接接地方式。通過技術比較確定最優(yōu)接地方式，還利用一種近幾年研究開 發(fā)的，應用在諧振接地方式中的自動跟蹤補償裝置，再配以靈敏的小電流接地選線保護，能夠有效限 制電網的故障接地電弧，更有利于電網的安全運行。本文首先對配電網各類接地方式做深入的研究。 全面介紹國內外幾種常用的中性點接地方式的運行特性，通過技術經濟比較對不同的接地方式進行綜 合評價，再結合不同的接地方式的發(fā)展前景得出結論優(yōu)化了的諧振接地方式表

8、現出很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。然后，本文對LQkV配電網中性點諧振接地方式的運行特性進行了研究和介紹從限制故障接地電 弧的危害出發(fā)，重點論述如何利用電流諧振原理，有效熄滅故障接地電弧等。接著，本文結合國內外 科技的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新成果，對諧振接地優(yōu)化方式中的微機接地保護性和自動跟蹤補償裝置進行全面的分 析與論述，說明諧振接地優(yōu)化方式在供電可靠性、人身安全、設備安全和通信干擾等方面，具有較好 的運行特性，既解決了小電流接地系統接地保護的選擇性，又實現了自動調諧，使此種接地方式成為 配電網比較理想的中性點接地方式。本文同時還對諧振接地方式實施技術進行了研究，包括消弧線圈 的參數選擇、安裝、調整、運行與維護等內容。

9、最后，本文總結了本課題研究的內容。諧振接地籍助微機技術的支持，近些年來國內外均在進行 優(yōu)化，優(yōu)化諧振接地技術是提高供電可靠性、保護人身安全、設備安全和電磁環(huán)境等的一項合理的重 要技術手段，而諧振接地實施技術更充分發(fā)揮諧振接地方式的功能，使諧振接地方式具有更好的技術 經濟指標。隨著電網的不斷發(fā)展和豐富的實踐結果表明，以諧振接地方式為代表的小電流接地方式優(yōu) 于其他接地方式，這是配電網的中性點接地方式發(fā)展的總趨勢，在今后的配電網接地方式中應推廣應 用。本論文提出的思路、方案和結論不僅對于炒配電網中性點接地方式選擇研究、實際工程應用具 有實際的參考作用，對于其他電壓等級中性點接地方式選擇同樣具有借鑒的

10、作用。電力系統的基本功能是向用戶輸送電能。質炒配電網是連接供電電源與工業(yè)、商業(yè)及生活用電的 樞紐，其網絡龐大及復雜。對于所有用戶都期望以最低的價格買到具有高度可靠性的電能。然而，經 濟性與可靠性這兩個因素是互相矛盾的。要提高供電網絡的可靠性就必須增加網絡建設投資成本。但 是，如果提高可靠性使用戶停電損失的降低小于用于提高可靠性所增加的投資，那么這種建設投資就 沒有價值了。通過計算電網的投資和用戶停電的損失，最終可找到一個平衡點，使投資和損失的綜合 經濟性最優(yōu)。論文針對配電網各種接線模式的特點，就各種接線模式的經濟性和可靠性進行了分析。3小結論文首先介紹質炒配電網各種典型的接線模式和國外幾個國家

11、的典型接線模式，然后確定配電網 接線模式分析的思路，明確進行分析的必要性和重要性。再提出最優(yōu)分段數計算的必要性，闡述最優(yōu) 分段數對經濟性和可靠性的影響，然后建立最優(yōu)分段數計算模型，并簡單介紹各種接線模式的供電方 案。而后對配電網各種接線模式的可靠性和經濟性進行了計算和分析，通過計算并描繪的各種圖表。 并對最優(yōu)分段數作了分析和討論。文章最后對各種接線模式的經濟性和可靠性進行總結，分析了各種 接線模式各自的優(yōu)點和缺點，其適用情況。并結合實際情況針對炒配電網的規(guī)劃和建設提出有益的 建議。為lOkV配電網的規(guī)劃設計及為建成網架堅實、布局合理、管理科學、能夠安全、優(yōu)質、高效運 行的配電網提供理論的依據和

12、有益的指引。參考文獻蘇文成工廠供電M.機械工業(yè)出版社1999.9劉介才.工廠供電設計指導:M.機械工業(yè)出版社1999.12供配電系統設計規(guī)范S.中國計劃出版社1996低壓配電設計規(guī)桐S.中國計劃出版社1996.6Power Supply and Distribution SystemABSTRACT: The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key po

13、int that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but dont consider that its self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improv

14、e the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is le

15、ss than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off.KEYWORDS: power supply and distribution, power distribution re

16、liability, reactive compensation, load distributionThe revolution of electric power system has brought a new big round construction,which is pushing the greater revolution of electric power technique along with the application of new technique and advanced equipment. Especially, the combination of t

17、he information technique and electric power technique, to great ex- tent, has improved reliability on electric quality and electric supply. The technical development decreases the cost on electric construction and drives innovation of electric network. On the basis of national and internatio- nal ad

18、vanced electric knowledge, the dissertation introduces the research hotspot for present electric power sy- etem as following.Firstly, This dissertation introduces the building condition of distribution automation(DA), andbrings forward two typical construction modes on DA construction, integrative m

19、ode and fission mode .It emphasize the DA structure under the condition of the fission mode and presents the system configuration, the main station scheme, the feeder scheme, the optimized communication scheme etc., which is for DA research reference.Secondly, as for the (DA) trouble measurement, po

20、sition, isolation and resume, This dissertation analyzes the changes of pressure and current for line problem, gets math equation by educing phase short circuit and problem position under the condition of single-phase and works out equation and several parameter s U& , s I& and e I& table on problem

21、 . It brings out optimized isolation and resume plan, realizes auto isolation and network reconstruction, reduces the power off range and time and improves the reliability of electric power supply through problem self- diagnoses and self-analysis. It also introduces software flow and use for problem

22、 judgement and sets a model on network reconstruction and computer flow.Thirdly, electricity system state is estimated to be one of the key techniques in DA realization. The dissertation recommends the resolvent of bad measurement data and structure mistake on the ground of describing state estimate

23、 way. It also advances a practical test and judging way on topology mistake in state estimate about bad data test and abnormity in state estimate as well as the problem and effect on bad data from state measure to state estimate .As for real time monitor and control problem, the dissertation introdu

24、ces a new way to solve them by electricity break and exceptional analysis, and the way has been tested in Weifang DA.Fourthly, about the difficulty for building the model of load forecasting, big parameter scatter limit and something concerned, the dissertation introduces some parameters, eg. weathe

25、r factor, date type and social environment effect based on analysis of routine load forecasting and means. It presents the way for electricity load forecasting founded on neura network(ANN),which has been tested its validity by example and made t be good practical effect.Fifthly, concerning the lack

26、 of concordant wave on preve nting concordant wave and non-power compensation and non-continuity on compensation, there is a topology structure of PWM main circuit and nonpower theory on active filter the waves technique and builds flat proof on the ground of Saber Designer and proves to be practica

27、l. Meanwhile, it analyzes and designs the way of non-power need of electric network tre- nds and decreasing line loss combined with DA, which have been tested its objective economic benefit throu- gh counting example.Sixthly, not only do the dissertation design a way founded on the magrginal electri

28、c price fitted to our present national electric power market with regards to future trends of electric power market in China and fair trade under the government surveillance, that is group competitio n in short-term trade under the way of grouped price and quantity harmony, but also puts forward com

29、bination arithmetic, math model of trading plan and safty economical restriction. It can solve the original contradiction between medium and long term contract price and short term competitive price with improvement on competitive percentage and cut down the unfair income difference of electric fact

30、ory, at the same time, it can optimize the electric limit for all electric factories and reduce the total purchase charge of electric power from burthen curve of whole electric market network.The distribution network is an important link among the power system. Its neutral grounding mode and operati

31、on connects security and stability of the power system directly. At the same time, the problem about neutral grounding is associated with national conditions, natural environment, device fabrication and operation. For example, the activity situation of the thunder and lightning, insulating structure

32、 and the peripheral interference will influence the choice of neutral grounding mode Conversely, neutral grounding mode affects design, operation, debugs and developing. Generally in the system higher in grade in the voltage, the insulating expenses account for more sizable proportion at the total p

33、rice of the equipment. It is very remarkable to bring the economic benefits by reducing the insulating level. Usually such system adopt the neutral directly grounding and adopt the autoreclosing to guarantee power supply reliability. On the contrary, the system which is lower in the voltage adopts n

34、eutral none grounding to raise power supply reliability. So it is an important subject to make use of new- type earth device to apply to the distribution network under considering the situation in such factors of various fields as power supply reliability, safety factor, over-voltage factor, the cho

35、ice of relay protection, investment cost, etc.The main work of this paper is to research and choice the neutral grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. The neutral grounding mode of the l0kV network mainly adopts none grounding, grounding by arc suppressing coil, grounding by reactance grou

36、nding and directly grounding. The best grounding mode is confirmed through the technology comparison. It can help the network run in safety and limit the earth electric arc by using auto-tracking compensate device and using the line protection with the detection of the sensitive small ground current

37、. The paper introduces and analyzes the characteristic of all kind of grounding modes about l0kV network at first. With the comparison with technological and economy, the conclusion is drawn that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode shows a very big development potential.Then, this paper

38、 researches and introduces some operation characteristics of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. And then the paper put emphasis on how to extinguish the earth electric arc effectively by utilizing the resonance principle. This paper combines the development of

39、domestic and international technology and innovative achievement, and introduces the computer earth protection and autotracking compensate device. It proves that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode have better operation characteristics in power supply reliability, personal security, sec

40、urity of equipment and interference of communication. The application of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode is also researched in this paper.Finally, the paper summarizes this topic research. As a result of the domination of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode, it should be more popularized

41、 and applied in the distribution network in the future.The way of thinking, project and conclusions in this thesis have effect on the research to choose the neutral grounding mode not only in I0kV distribution network but also in other power system.The basic function of the electric power system is

42、to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, all costumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, b

43、ut dont consider that its self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable. To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network con- struction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the inve

44、stment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic, between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power

45、net and the loss brought from power-off. The thesis analyses on the economic and the reliable of the various line modes, according to the characteristics various line modes existed in the electric distribution net in foshan.First, the thesis introduces as the different line modes in the l0kV electric distribution net and in some foreign countries. Making it clear tow to conduct analyzing on the line mode of the electric distribution net, and telling us how impor