英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣（陳述、疑問(wèn)、祈使、虛擬語(yǔ)氣）講義-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣表達(dá).陳述語(yǔ)氣用于陳述事實(shí)或提出看法。We are not ready.我們沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好。He did very well in the examination.他考得很好。She heard the front door shut.她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)大門(mén)給關(guān)上了。.疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣用于提出問(wèn)題。Where do you come from?你是哪里人？Why are you so nervous?你為什么這樣緊張？What did you do that for?你做這個(gè)干什么？祈使語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的建議、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令等。Open the door, please.請(qǐng)翻開(kāi)門(mén)。Come and sit

2、on the sofa.來(lái)坐在沙發(fā)上。Hurry up!趕快！3虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。If I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。May you succeed!祝您成功!If you had been here yesterday,you would have seen him.昨天你如果在這兒，你就見(jiàn)到他了。真實(shí)條件句條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去式代替過(guò)去將來(lái) 時(shí)。If it

3、rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他們說(shuō)如果他們聽(tīng)到關(guān)于他的任何消息，他們就會(huì)讓我們知道。一、非真實(shí)條件句（一）非真實(shí)條件*表示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的甚至完全不可能發(fā)生的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ) 氣。.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況從句：lf+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were）主句：ia+should/would/might/could+doIf I were you, I would take a

4、n umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。（事實(shí)：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的 號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)告訴你。（事實(shí)：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果沒(méi)有水和空氣，地球上就不會(huì)有生物。（事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水）If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我?guī)уX(qián)了，我就會(huì)借給你些。（事實(shí)：沒(méi)有帶錢(qián)）If he s

5、tudied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過(guò)考試了。（事實(shí)：沒(méi)有努力）If I were you， Id wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就會(huì)穿襯衫和領(lǐng)帶。（事實(shí)：我并不是你）.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況從句：lf+主語(yǔ)+had+done主句：4in+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了）If he had taken my adv

6、ice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他聽(tīng)我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。（事實(shí)：沒(méi)有聽(tīng)我的話）.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句：if+主語(yǔ)+were to do if+主語(yǔ)+should+doif+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞般過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/could+d。If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)?。（事?shí)：來(lái)的可能性很小，不可能）If there were a heavy snow next Sund

7、ay, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我們就去滑冰。（事實(shí)：下雪可能性很小，不可能）If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一來(lái)這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。（事實(shí)：來(lái)的可能性很小，不可能） 二、非真實(shí)條件句（二）L錯(cuò)綜條件句虛擬條件句中，如果主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作假設(shè)不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的 調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯(cuò)綜條件句。（1）從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與正在發(fā)生.的事實(shí)不符。If I had worked hard at

8、school, I would be an engineer now.如果我當(dāng)時(shí)在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在就是一個(gè)工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。（2）從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們就已經(jīng)派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定

9、會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。2.含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式 表示出來(lái)，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中，如without， butfor（要不是因?yàn)椋┑取ut for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。We didnt know his telephone number, ot

10、herwise we would have telephoned him.我們不知道他的 號(hào)碼，否那么我們就會(huì)給他打 。特別提示（1）當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可以省略,這時(shí)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序， 即把were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他容許去的話，我們就派他去了。Were she here she would agree with us.如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。（2）有時(shí)，虛擬條件語(yǔ)氣的從句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的