經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯1、General terms 一般術(shù)語(yǔ)(共27頁(yè))

1、PAGE PAGE 37經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯1、General terms 一般(ybn)術(shù)語(yǔ)economist 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家socialist economy 社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)capitalist economy 資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)collective economy 集體經(jīng)濟(jì)planned economy 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)controlled economy 管制經(jīng)濟(jì)rural economics 農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)liberal economy 自由經(jīng)濟(jì)mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟(jì)political economy 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)protectionism 保護(hù)主義autarchy 閉關(guān)自守primary sector

2、初級(jí)成分private sector 私營(yíng)成分,私營(yíng)部門(mén)public sector 公共部門(mén),公共成分economic channels 經(jīng)濟(jì)渠道economic balance 經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退economic stability 經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定economic policy 經(jīng)濟(jì)政策economic recovery 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長(zhǎng)econ

3、omic trend 經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)economic situation 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)infrastructure 基本建設(shè)standard of living 生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條(xiotio),不景氣underdevelopment 不發(fā)達(dá)underdeveloped 不發(fā)達(dá)的developing 發(fā)展中的2、Capital 資本(zbn)initial capital 創(chuàng)辦資本frozen capital 凍結(jié)資金frozen assets 凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)fixed assets 固

4、定資產(chǎn)real estate 不動(dòng)產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)circulating capital, working capital 流動(dòng)資本available capital 可用資產(chǎn)capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準(zhǔn)備金,儲(chǔ)備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻(xiàn)working capital fund 周轉(zhuǎn)基金revolving fund 循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金contingency fund 意外開(kāi)支,準(zhǔn)備金reserve fund 準(zhǔn)備金buffer fund 緩沖基

5、金,平準(zhǔn)基金sinking fund 償債基金investment 投資,資產(chǎn)investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經(jīng)費(fèi),經(jīng)費(fèi)自給bank 銀行current account 經(jīng)常帳戶 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帳戶 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無(wú)記名支票,來(lái)人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票travellers cheque 旅行支票chequeboo

6、k 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement 背書(shū)transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過(guò)戶money 貨幣issue 發(fā)行ready money 現(xiàn)錢(qián)cash 現(xiàn)金ready money business, no credit given 現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢(qián)banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付現(xiàn)金domestic currency, local currency 本國(guó)貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯

7、率,兌換率foreign exchange 外匯floating exchange rate 浮動(dòng)匯率free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場(chǎng)foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機(jī)saving 儲(chǔ)裝,存款depreciation 減價(jià),貶值devaluation (貨幣)貶值revaluation 重估價(jià)runaway inflation 無(wú)法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場(chǎng)stock excha

8、nge 股票市場(chǎng)stock exchange corporation 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所quotation 報(bào)價(jià),牌價(jià)share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現(xiàn)金配股stock investment 股票投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價(jià)證券share, common stock 普通股prefe

9、rence stock 優(yōu)先股income gain 股利收入issue 發(fā)行股票par value 股面價(jià)格, 票面價(jià)格bull 買(mǎi)手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過(guò)戶opening price 開(kāi)盤(pán)closing price 收盤(pán)hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤(pán)整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街3、Credit 信貸(xndi)short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長(zhǎng)

10、期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權(quán)人creditor 債權(quán)人debtor 債務(wù)人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還(tn hi),分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險(xiǎn)mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)funded d

11、ebt 固定債務(wù),長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)floating debt 流動(dòng)債務(wù)drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補(bǔ)貼,補(bǔ)助金,津貼4、Pruduction 生產(chǎn)(shngchn)output 產(chǎn)出,產(chǎn)量producer 生產(chǎn)者,制造者productive, producing 生產(chǎn)的products, goods 產(chǎn)品consumer goods 消費(fèi)品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,產(chǎn)成品raw product 初級(jí)產(chǎn)品semifinished goods 半成品by-produc

12、t 副產(chǎn)品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供應(yīng),補(bǔ)給input 投入productivity 生產(chǎn)率productiveness 贏利性overproduction 生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩5、Expenses 耗費(fèi)(hofi)cost 成本,費(fèi)用expenditure, outgoings 開(kāi)支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營(yíng)業(yè)(yngy)間接成本overheads 雜項(xiàng)開(kāi)支,間接成本operating costs 生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用,營(yíng)業(yè)成本operating expenses 營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用running expenses 日常費(fèi)用,經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用m

13、iscellaneous costs 雜項(xiàng)費(fèi)用overhead expenses 間接費(fèi)用,管理費(fèi)用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費(fèi)用,養(yǎng)護(hù)費(fèi)用transport costs 運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用social charges 社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費(fèi)用apportionment of expenses 分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用6、Profit 利潤(rùn)(lrn)income 收入,收益earnings 利潤(rùn),收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross b

14、enefit毛利,總利潤(rùn),利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額average income 平均收入national income 國(guó)民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤(rùn)率,贏利率yield 產(chǎn)量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 稅duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財(cái)務(wù)稅收progressive taxation 累進(jìn)稅制graduated tax 累進(jìn)稅value added tax

15、增值稅income tax 所得稅land tax 地租,地價(jià)稅excise tax 特許權(quán)稅basis of assessment 估稅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax collector 收稅員8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易組織China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)National C

16、ouncil for US-China Trade 美中貿(mào)易全國(guó)理事會(huì)Japan-China Economic Association 日中經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)會(huì)Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)會(huì)British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)International Chamber of Commerce 國(guó)際商會(huì)International Union of Marine Insurance 國(guó)際海洋運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)In

17、ternational Alumina Association 國(guó)際鋁礬土協(xié)會(huì)Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關(guān)稅合作理事會(huì)United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展理事會(huì)Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與開(kāi)發(fā)組織European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同

18、體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員會(huì)Eurogroup 歐洲集團(tuán)Group of Ten 十國(guó)集團(tuán)Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國(guó)委員會(huì)Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會(huì)Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,

19、CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場(chǎng)（加勒比自由貿(mào)易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場(chǎng)Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場(chǎng)African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場(chǎng)Central Af

20、rican Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關(guān)稅經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國(guó)組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國(guó)組織Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯(lián)邦特惠區(qū)Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, Na

21、tional Center of External Trade 法國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易中心Peoples Bank of China 中國(guó)人民銀行Bank of China 中國(guó)銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國(guó)際復(fù)興開(kāi)發(fā)銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)會(huì)International Monetary Found Agreement 國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定International Monetary Found, IMF 國(guó)

22、際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)與貨幣同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金B(yǎng)ank for International Settlements, BIS 國(guó)際結(jié)算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行Amer

23、ican Express Co. Inc. 美國(guó)萬(wàn)國(guó)寶通銀行The Chase Bank 大通銀行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美開(kāi)發(fā)銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯(lián)合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行International Finance Corporat

24、ion, IFC 國(guó)際金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)理事會(huì)United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯(lián)合國(guó)資本開(kāi)發(fā)基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯(lián)合國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展組織United Nations Conference

25、 on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會(huì)議Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織, 糧農(nóng)組織Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠(yuǎn)東經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經(jīng)濟(jì)委

26、員會(huì)Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)Overseas Chinese Investment Company 華僑投資公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所London Stock Market 倫敦股票市場(chǎng)Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業(yè)和航運(yùn)交易所經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)常用(chn yn)英語(yǔ)詞匯Aaccounting 會(huì)計(jì)accounting cost 會(huì)計(jì)成本accounting profit 會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)adverse selection 逆向選擇all

27、ocation 配置allocation of resources 資源配置(z yun pi zh)allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧彈性Arrows impossibility theorem 阿羅不可能定理Assumption 假設(shè)asymetric information 非對(duì)稱性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定價(jià)法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of ca

28、pital 資本(zbn)平均產(chǎn)量average product of labour 勞動(dòng)平均產(chǎn)量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均總成本average variable cost 平均可變成本Bbarriers to entry 進(jìn)入壁壘base year 基年bilateral monopoly 雙邊壟斷benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 極樂(lè)點(diǎn)boundary point 邊界點(diǎn)break even point 收支相抵點(diǎn)budget 預(yù)算budget constraint 預(yù)算約束budget lin

29、e 預(yù)算線budget set 預(yù)算集Ccapital 資本capital stock 資本存量capital output ratio 資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism 資本主義cardinal utility theory 基數(shù)效用論cartel 卡特爾ceteris puribus assumption “其他條件不變”的假設(shè)ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlin model 張伯倫模型change in demand 需求變化change in quantity demanded 需求量變化change in quantit

30、y supplied 供給量變化change in supply 供給變化choice 選擇closed set 閉集Coase theorem 科斯定理CobbDouglas production function 柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)cobweb model 蛛網(wǎng)模型collective bargaining 集體協(xié)議工資collusion 合謀command economy 指令經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity 商品commodity combination 商品組合commodity market 商品市場(chǎng)commodity space 商品空間common property 公用財(cái)產(chǎn)comp

31、arative static analysis 比較靜態(tài)分析compensated budget line 補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線compensated demand function 補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)compensation principles 補(bǔ)償原則compensating variation in income 收入補(bǔ)償變量competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)competitive market 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)complement goods 互補(bǔ)品complete information 完全信息completeness 完備性condition for efficiency in exchange 交換(j

32、iohun)的最優(yōu)條件condition for efficiency in production 生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave 凹concave function 凹函數(shù)concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)constant returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變constraints 約束consumer 消費(fèi)者consumer behavior 消費(fèi)者行為consumer choice 消費(fèi)者選擇consumer equilibrium 消費(fèi)者均衡consumer optimizatio

33、n 消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化consumer preference 消費(fèi)者偏好consumer surplus 消費(fèi)者剩余consumer theory 消費(fèi)者理論consumption 消費(fèi)consumption bundle 消費(fèi)束consumption combination 消費(fèi)組合consumption possibility curve 消費(fèi)可能曲線consumption possibility frontier 消費(fèi)可能性前沿consumption set 消費(fèi)集consumption space 消費(fèi)空間continuity 連續(xù)性continuous function 連續(xù)函數(shù)contra

34、ct curve 契約曲線convex 凸convex function 凸函數(shù)convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函數(shù)cost minimization 成本極小化Cournot equilihrium 古諾均衡Cournot model 古諾模型Crossprice elasticity 交叉價(jià)格彈性Ddeadweights loss 重負(fù)損失decreasing cost industry 成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasing ret

35、urns to scale 規(guī)模(gum)報(bào)酬遞減deduction 演繹法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲線demand elasticity 需求彈性demand function 需求函數(shù)demand price 需求價(jià)格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折舊derivative 導(dǎo)數(shù)derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差異商品differentiated oligoply 差異寡頭diminishin

36、g marginal substitution 邊際替代率遞減diminishing marginal return 收益遞減diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接稅discounting 貼稅、折扣diseconomies of scale 規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 勞動(dòng)分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論duoupoly 雙頭壟斷、

37、雙寡duality 對(duì)偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 動(dòng)態(tài)分析dynamic models 動(dòng)態(tài)模型EEconomic agents 經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者economic cost 經(jīng)濟(jì)成本economic efficiency 經(jīng)濟(jì)效率economic goods 經(jīng)濟(jì)物品economic man 經(jīng)濟(jì)人economic mode 經(jīng)濟(jì)模型economic profit 經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)economic region of production 生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域economic regulation 經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economic rent 經(jīng)濟(jì)租金exchange 交換econ

38、omics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)exchange efficiency 交換效率economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)exchange contract curve 交換契約曲線economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思圖exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率參數(shù)elasticity 彈性elasticity of substitution 替代彈性endogenous variable 內(nèi)生變

39、量endowment 稟賦endowment of resources 資源稟賦Engel curve 恩格爾曲線entrepreneur 企業(yè)家entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家才能entry barriers 進(jìn)入壁壘entry/exit decision 進(jìn)出決策envolope curve 包絡(luò)線equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡條件equilibrium price 均衡價(jià)格equilibrium quantity 均衡產(chǎn)量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等價(jià)變量excesscapaci

40、ty theorem 過(guò)度生產(chǎn)能力定理excess supply 過(guò)度供給exchange 交換exchange contract curve 交換契約曲線exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原則existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 總體均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生變量expansion paths 擴(kuò)展(kuzhn)徑expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit

41、cost 顯性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部經(jīng)濟(jì)external diseconomy 外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市場(chǎng)factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供給fallacy of composition 合成謬誤final goods 最終產(chǎn)品firm 企業(yè)firmsdemand curve for lab

42、or 企業(yè)勞動(dòng)需求曲線firm supply curve 企業(yè)供給曲線first-degree price discrimination 第一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視firstorder condition 一階條件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow 流量(liling)fluctuation 波動(dòng)for whom to produce 為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)free entry 自由進(jìn)入free goods 自由品，免費(fèi)品free mobility of resources 資源自由流動(dòng)f

43、ree rider 搭便車，免費(fèi)搭車function 函數(shù)future value 未來(lái)值Ggame theory 對(duì)策論、博弈論general equilibrium 總體(zngt)均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶 收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線Giffens Paradox 吉芬之謎Gini coefficient 吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule 黃金規(guī)則goods 貨物government failure 政府失敗government regulation 政府調(diào)控grand utility possibility curve 總效用可能曲線grand util

44、ity possibility frontier 總效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品(chnpn)Hickskaldor welfare criterion ?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡?biāo)準(zhǔn)homogeneity 齊次性homogeneous demand function 齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneous product 同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneous production function 齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生產(chǎn)human capital 人力資本hypothesi

45、s 假說(shuō)Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)implicitcost 隱性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入約束income consumption curve 收入消費(fèi)曲線income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效應(yīng)income elasticity of demand 需求收入彈性increasing cost industry 成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增ineffic

46、iency 缺乏效率index number 指數(shù)indifference 無(wú)差異indifference curve 無(wú)差異曲線indifference map 無(wú)差異族indifference relation 無(wú)差異關(guān)系indifference set 無(wú)差異集indirect approach 間接法individual analysis 個(gè)量分析individual demand curve 個(gè)人需求曲線individual demand function 個(gè)人需求函數(shù)induced variable 引致變量induction 歸納法industry 產(chǎn)業(yè)industry equi

47、librium 產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industry supply curve 產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic 缺乏彈性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐點(diǎn)information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始條件initial endowment 初始稟賦innovation 創(chuàng)新input 投入inputoutput 投入產(chǎn)出institution 制度institutional economics 制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)insurance 保險(xiǎn)intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利

48、息率intermediate goods 中間產(chǎn)品internatization of externalities 外部性內(nèi)部化invention 發(fā)明inverse demand function 逆需求函數(shù)investment 投資invisible hand 看不見(jiàn)的手isocost line 等成本線，isoprofit curve 等利潤(rùn)曲線isoquant curve 等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquant map 等產(chǎn)量族Kkindeddemand curve 彎折的需求(xqi)曲線Llabour 勞動(dòng)labour demand 勞動(dòng)需求labour supply 勞動(dòng)供給labour t

49、heory of value 勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論labour unions 工會(huì)laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘數(shù)，land 土地(td)law 法則law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 邊際替代率遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of technical

50、 substitution 邊際技術(shù)替代率law of increasing cost 成本遞增法則law of one price 單一價(jià)格法則leaderfollower model 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者-跟隨者模型leastcost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入組合leisure 閑暇Leontief production function 列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses 許可證linear demand function 線性需求函數(shù)linear homogeneity 線性齊次性linear homogeneous production function 線性齊次生

51、產(chǎn)函數(shù)long run長(zhǎng)期long run average cost 長(zhǎng)期平均成本long run equilibrium 長(zhǎng)期均衡long run industry supply curve 長(zhǎng)期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線long run marginal cost 長(zhǎng)期邊際成本long run total cost 長(zhǎng)期總成本Lorenz curve 洛倫茲曲線loss minimization 損失極小化1ump sum tax 一次性征稅luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)marginal 邊際的marginal benefit 邊際收益marginal cost 邊際成本

52、marginal cost pricing 邊際成本定價(jià)marginal cost of factor 邊際要素成本marginal period 市場(chǎng)期marginal physical productivity 實(shí)際實(shí)物(shw)生產(chǎn)率marginal product 邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of capital 資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of 1abour 勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率marginal rate of substitution 邊替代率marginal rate of transformati

53、on 邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginal returns 邊際回報(bào)marginal revenue 邊際收益marginal revenue product 邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revolution 邊際革命marginal social benefit 社會(huì)邊際收益marginal social cost 社會(huì)邊際成本marginal utility 邊際效用marginal value products 邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品market 市場(chǎng)market clearance 市場(chǎng)結(jié)清，市場(chǎng)洗清market demand 市場(chǎng)需求market economy 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)market equilibr

54、ium 市場(chǎng)均衡market failure 市場(chǎng)失敗market mechanism 市場(chǎng)機(jī)制market structure 市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)market separation 市場(chǎng)分割market regulation 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)market share 市場(chǎng)份額markup pricing 加減定價(jià)法Marshallian demand function 馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization 極大化microeconomics 微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)minimum wage 最低工資misallocation of resources 資源誤置mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟(jì)model 模型(mxng

55、)money 貨幣monopolistic competition 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)monopolistic exploitation 壟斷剝削monopoly 壟斷，賣方壟斷monopoly equilibrium 壟斷均衡monopoly pricing 壟斷定價(jià)monopoly regulation 壟斷調(diào)控monopoly rents 壟斷租金monopsony 買(mǎi)方壟斷NNash equilibrium 納什均衡Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Natural resources 自然資源Necessary condition 必要條件necessities 必需品net deman

56、d 凈需求(xqi)nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非線性定價(jià)nonrivalry 非對(duì)抗性nonprice competition 非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)nonsatiation 非飽和性non-zerosum game 非零和對(duì)策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利潤(rùn)normative economics 規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Oobjective function 目標(biāo)函數(shù)oligopoly 寡頭壟斷oligopoly market 寡頭市場(chǎng)oligopoly

57、model 寡頭模型opportunity cost 機(jī)會(huì)成本optimal choice 最佳選擇optimal consumption bundle 消費(fèi)束perfect elasticity 完全有彈性(tnxng)optimal resource allocation 最佳資源配置optimal scale 最佳規(guī)模optimal solution 最優(yōu)解optimization 優(yōu)化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社會(huì))偏好排序ordinal utility 序數(shù)效用ordinary goods 一般品output 產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出

58、output elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter 參數(shù)Pareto criterion 帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改進(jìn)Pareto optimality 帕累托優(yōu)化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 專利pay off matrix 收益矩陣、支付矩陣perceived demand curve 感覺(jué)到的需求曲線perfect competition 完全競(jìng)

59、爭(zhēng)perfect complement 完全互補(bǔ)品perfect monopoly 完全壟斷perfect price discrimination 完全價(jià)格歧視perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全無(wú)彈性perfectly elastic 完全有彈性perfectly inelastic 完全無(wú)彈性plant size 工廠規(guī)模point elasticity 點(diǎn)彈性positive economics 實(shí)證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)post Hoc Fallacy 后此謬誤prediction 預(yù)測(cè)preference 偏好preference re

60、lation 偏好關(guān)系present value 現(xiàn)值price 價(jià)格price adjustment model 價(jià)格調(diào)整模型price ceiling 最高限價(jià)price consumption curve 價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線price control 價(jià)格管制price difference 價(jià)格差別price discrimination 價(jià)格歧視price elasticity of demand 需求價(jià)格彈性price elasticity of supply 供給價(jià)格彈性price floor 最低限價(jià)price maker 價(jià)格制定者price rigidity 價(jià)格剛性price s