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1、 專題十 句子類型考點一簡單句1概念以及句型特點(1)概念:簡單句就是句子中只包含一個主謂結構的句子。(2)句型特點:主語謂語注:它只包含一個主謂結構,而且句子的各個結構都只用單詞短語表示。考點二并列句1概念以及句型特點(1)概念:并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成的。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要,相互之間不是從屬關系,而是平行并列的關系。它們之間用連詞連接。(2)句型特點:簡單句并列連詞簡單句2以常用連接詞為線索剖析并列句常用的連接詞有以and, or, but, so為代表的四大類。(1)以and為代表的表示意義延伸的并列連詞此類并列連詞包括and(和;同), not only.

2、but(also). (不但而且), and then(那么)等。He helps me and he also helps others. 他幫助我,也幫助別人。 (2)以or為代表的表示選擇概念的并列連詞此類并列連詞包括or(或者;否則), either. or. (或者或者), otherwise(否則)等。Hurry up, or well be late. 快點,否則我們要遲到了。Either you come to my home or I get to yours. 要么你到我家,要么我到你家。(3)以but為代表的表示轉折意義的并列連詞此類并列連詞包括but (但是;可是),

3、while(而), yet(然而), however(然而)等。He is young, but he works hard. 他雖然年輕,但學習努力。It looks like rain. However, it is clear this morning. 天好像要下雨了,然而今天上午還是晴天。(4)以so為代表的表示因果關系的并列連詞此類并列連詞包括so(因此;所以), for(因為)。Mike didnt come to school, for he was ill. 邁克沒有來上學,因為他病了。He works hard, so he is a top student of clas

4、s. 因為他學習努力,所以是班上最優(yōu)秀的學生。 考點三復合句復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句是句子的主體,從句是句子的一個成分,不能獨立使用。從句都是陳述語序。Can you tell me who he is? 你能告訴我他是誰嗎?從句通常由關聯詞引導。從句可分為三類:名詞性從句(有賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句和同位語從句);形容詞性從句(也叫定語從句);副詞性從句(也叫狀語從句)。I asked her in English what she was, and she told me that she was an English teacher.我用英語問她是干什么的,她

5、告訴我她是一名英語老師。此句是一個復合句,what she was 和that she was.是兩個賓語從句;and she told me.是并列句。1賓語從句(1)賓語從句在句子中作動詞或介詞的賓語;在Im afraid等句型中,從句也可用于形容詞之后。Im afraid (that)I have made a mistake.恐怕我犯了一個錯誤。(2)引導賓語從句的關聯詞有三類:that不作成分,沒有詞義,??墒÷?;whether或if“是否”,不作成分,但有詞義,不能省略;what“什么”或“的事情”、which“哪個(些)”、who“誰”、whom“誰”(賓格)、whose“誰的”

6、、when“何時”、where“何地”、how“怎樣”、why“為什么”等。(3)當間接引用或轉述別人的話時,往往要用賓語從句的形式。若主句謂語動詞為過去時,則從句動詞一般要呼應成過去時態(tài)的相應形式。但若引述的是真理等,從句仍保持原來的時態(tài)形式。注:從句時態(tài)的呼應規(guī)律:原直接引語中變成的賓語從句中一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時(4)在變?yōu)殚g接引語時,原句為陳述句,則變?yōu)閠hat引導的賓語從句;原句為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句,則變?yōu)閣hether(if)引導的賓語從句;原句為特殊疑問句,則變?yōu)橥粋€wh詞引導的賓語從

7、句。Wed like to know whether the sports meeting comes or not.我們想知道運動會是否要來到了。注:若原來的直接引語是祈使句,間接引語中則變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ叫问絫o do sth.作賓語補足語;若為否定祈使句,則變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ降姆穸ㄊ絥ot to do sth.。變化后的句子仍為簡單句。Jim asked Ling Feng to look after Polly.吉姆請求凌峰照顧波力。(5)賓語從句應注意三點:引導詞、語序和時態(tài)。2狀語從句狀語從句在句中作狀語,修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句。狀語從句由連詞(或連詞詞組)引導,其位置可以在句首,也

8、可以在句尾。狀語從句可以分為時間、原因、條件、讓步、目的、結果、比較或方式等狀語從句。(1)時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常由when(當時候),as(時),while(當時候),before(之前),after(之后),as soon as(一就),since(自從),until(till)(一直到)等引導。在時間狀語從句中,要特別注意用一般現在時去代替一般將來時。Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she came to the city. 自從來到這座城市,梅梅收到了一些來自家鄉(xiāng)的信?!翱隙ㄐ问降难永m(xù)性動詞un

9、til從句”表“一直到”;“否定形式的動詞until”表“直到才”。He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back. 直到他媽媽回來他才睡覺。 (2)條件狀語從句條件狀語從句常由if,unless (除非)引導,從句中該用一般將來時的時候,要用一般現在時來代替。I think he will come if it doesnt rain.我想不下雨的話他會來。(3)原因狀語從句原因狀語從句常由because(因為所以),since(既然),as(由于)等引導。注意“因為所以”不可說“because.so.”,兩個連詞只可留其一。As he did

10、 not know the answer, he did not put up his hand. 由于不知道答案,他沒有舉手。 (4)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句常由though,although,even if,no matter 疑問句,even though等引導。表“雖然但是”時,不可說“(although)though.but.”,兩個連詞只能留其一。The whole library was in silence, although there were nearly 500 people reading in it.盡管有將近500人在看書,但整座圖書館卻寂靜無聲。(5)結果狀語從

11、句結果狀語從句常由so.that.,such.that.等引出,表“如此以至于”,so 后常加形容詞或副詞,such后常加名詞。Sorry, you speak so quickly that I cant follow you.對不起,你說得太快以至于我聽不懂。 (6)比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由as.as或not as/so.as引出表示同級比較的句子,由than引出表示比較級比較的句子。The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.長江比中國的其他任何一條河流都要長。3定語從句在復合句中用作定語的從句稱為定語從句

12、。定語從句通常位于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,常由關系代詞或關系副詞引出,被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。常見的關系代詞有:who,whom,which,that,whose,關系副詞有when,why,where。(1)先行詞為指人的名詞或代詞時,定語從句用who或that 來引導。Do you know the girl who is in a red dress? 你認識那個穿紅色連衣裙的女孩嗎?(2)先行詞為指物的名詞或代詞時,用which或that,which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。She works in a shoe factory which/that is far from her

13、e. 她在離這兒很遠的一家鞋廠工作。 (3)只能用關系代詞that引導的定語從句的幾種情況:當先行詞是anything, nothing, everything 等不定代詞時。Im sorry to tell you that there is nothing that I can do for you.很抱歉告訴你,我?guī)筒簧厦?。當先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。This is the best way that can solve the problem.這是解決問題的最好辦法。當先行詞被 first,last,only,very,no,just,any,little等詞修飾時。She as

14、ked for the last book that was on the subject.她要了有關這個科目的最后一本書。當先行詞中既有人又有物時。He watched the children and boxes that filled the car.他看著塞滿汽車的孩子和盒子(4)who引導的定語從句當who 為疑問代詞時,引導特殊疑問句;當who為關系代詞時,引導定語從句。其用法如下:who引導的定語從句的先行詞為表示人的名詞或代詞。The boy who is standing under the tree is Peter.那個站在樹底下的男孩是彼得。who在定語從句中作主語時不

15、能省略;但在非正式英語中,who也可作賓語,且可以省略。The person who was here yesterday is a teacher.昨天來這兒的那個人是個老師。在定語從句中,who 在人稱、數上和其前面的先行詞保持一致。Do you know the boy who is standing over there?你認識在那邊站著的那個男孩嗎? (5)當先行詞為地點名詞(如village,town,home,place等)時,用關系副詞 where來引導,where在從句中作地點狀語。This is the place where we came last summer.這就是

16、我們去年夏天來的地方。(6)當先行詞為表示時間的名詞(如day,year,season等)時,用關系副詞when來引導,when在從句中作時間狀語。Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.我將永遠忘不了我入團的那一天。專題訓練11 簡單句、并列句、復合句(訓練時間:45分鐘 分值:50分)1(2012呼和浩特)The little boy was wrapping the present_ would be sent to his teacher. Awho B/ Cwhat Dthat解析:考查定語從句。what不能引導定語從句;w

17、ho引導定語從句時,指代人;that引導定語從句時,指代物。本句先行詞是the present,為物,所以應用that,在定語從句中作主語,不可省略,故選D。答案:D2(2012陜西)Tomorrow is Fathers Day. I dont know _.Awhat can I do for my father Bwhat I will get for my fatherCwhere I went with my father Dwhere will I go with my father 解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句用陳述語序,A、D兩項是倒裝語序,可排除;由“Tomorrow”可知,

18、應用一般將來時。故選B。答案:B3I was told to meet Mr.Green at the airport. But I dont know_he will arrive. Awhere Bwhy Chow Dwhen解析:考查賓語從句的引導詞。由句意“我被告知在飛機場接格林先生,但是我不知道他什么時候會到達”知選D。答案:D4One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _are often visited by foreigners is the Slender West Lake. Awhat Bwho Cthat D/解析:考

19、查定語從句的引導詞。由先行詞one of the most interesting places知用關系代詞that引導定語從句。答案:C5(2012廣州)Its surprising that he got such a high mark!Yes. I wonder _ it.Ahow did he do Bhow he did Cwhy did he do Dthat he did解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句要用陳述語序,故排除A、C兩項。再由wonder可知,此處是問如何做到的,故選B。答案:B6(2012柳州)Could you tell me _?Awhere is the ban

20、k Bwhere the bank is Cwhere was the bank解析:考查賓語從句。在賓語從句中應用陳述語序,could表示委婉的語氣,不表過去,故選B。答案:B7The story_I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. Awhose Bwho Cthat Dwhere解析:考查定語從句的引導詞。本句中先行詞the story指物,用that或which引導定語從句。故選C。答案:C8_they are very tired,they feel happy because they

21、ve finally finished their project. ASo BAlthough CIf DBut解析:考查讓步狀語從句。so“因此,所以”;although“盡管,雖然”;if“如果”;but“但是”。由句意“他們盡管很累了,但因最終完成了他們的項目而感到很快樂”可知需用although引導讓步狀語從句,故選B。答案:B9(2012青海)Do you know the old woman _ is looking for her dog? Awhich Bwho Cwhose Dwhom解析:考查定語從句。the old woman是先行詞,指人,在從句中作主語,關系代詞應用

22、who,故選B。答案:B10I want to know_he will be the volunteer in the 2011 Universiade(世界大學生運動會) in Shenzhen. Awhere Bwho Cif Dwhich解析:考查賓語從句的引導詞。由句意“我想知道他是否將在深圳2011年世界大學生運動會上做志愿者”知選C。答案:C11(2012呼和浩特)What did your teacher say this morning?She told us_.Awhy was Tom late for school againBwhether we had too muc

23、h homeworkChow she did come to school this morningDthat we would have a test soon解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句應為陳述語序,排除A;C項中陳述句語序不用助動詞did;主句動詞told后的賓語從句不含疑問意義,排除B。故選D。答案:D12The policeman asked the small girl _.Awhy she was crying Bwhy was she cryingCwhy she is crying Dwhy is she crying解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句要用陳述語序,故排除B、D兩項

24、;主句用了一般過去時,賓語從句要用相應的過去時態(tài),故選A。答案:A13The first thing _my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. Awhich Bthat Cwhy Dwho解析:考查定語從句的引導詞。因先行詞“thing”表事物又被序數詞修飾,故使用關系詞that引導,選B。答案:B14(2012廣州)Whenever he was late,he could find plenty of excuses _ sounded reasonable. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhi

25、ch解析:考查定語從句。先行詞excuses(借口),指物,關系代詞應用that或which,故選D。答案:D15Mom,shall we have supper now?Oh,we wont have supper _your dad comes back. Auntil Bsince Cwhile Dafter解析:考查引導時間狀語從句的連詞。not.until意為“直到才”,為固定搭配。答語句意為“直到你爸爸回來我們才吃晚飯”。答案:A16I cant understand _Apples iPad 2.Awhy are they so mad aboutBwhy they are so

26、 mad aboutChow are they so mad aboutDhow they are so mad about解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句要用陳述語序,故排除A、C兩項;由句意可知選B。答案:B17(2012黃石)Everyone can play an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do _.Awhat we should do Bwhat should we doChow we should do Dhow should we do解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句的語序使用陳述語序

27、,故排除B、D兩項;根據句意“我們應該盡最大的努力做好我們該做的”可知選A。答案:A18(2012貴陽)Teresa is_ nervous_ she cant talk in front of the class. Asuch; thatBtoo; toCso; that解析:考查狀語從句。such.that.和so.that.引導結果狀語從句,such后接名詞,so后接形容詞或副詞;too.to.結構中too后接形容詞或副詞,to后接動詞原形。nervous是形容詞,后面是從句,故選C。答案:C19We dont like people _talk too much but never d

28、o anything. Awhose Bwho Cwhen Dwhich解析:考查定語從句的引導詞。先行詞people是人,并且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語,故用who引導定語從句。答案:B20John is the boy _legs were badly hurt in the accident. Awhose Bthat Cwho Dwhich解析:考查定語從句的引導詞。當先行詞是人,并且關系代詞在定語從句中作定語時,要用whose來引導定語從句。that,who和which都不可以在定語從句中作定語。故選A。答案:A21Will you please give the dictionar

29、y to Jane?Sure, Ill give it to her _she arrives here. Abefore Buntil Cbecause Das soon as解析:考查引導狀語從句的連詞。before“在之前”;until“直到為止”;because“因為”;as soon as“一就”。由句意“她一到這兒我就給她”可知選D。答案:D22Youd better take the map with you _you wont get lost.Aas long as Bas soon asCnow that Dso that解析:考查目的狀語從句。由主句“你最好隨身帶著地圖”

30、知目的是為了“你不會迷路”,故用so that引導目的狀語從句。as long as“只要”;as soon as“一就”;now that“既然;由于”。答案:D23(2012長沙)Do you know the girl_ is dancing over there?Yes. She is Toms sister. Awho Bwhom Cwhich解析:考查定語從句。the girl是先行詞,指人,且在從句中作主語,所以應用關系代詞who引導,故選A。答案:A24(2012貴陽)“What do you think of the school uniforms?”“Very good.

31、I like clothes_ make me feel comfortable.” Athat Bwhat Cwho解析:考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是clothes,指物,關系代詞應用which或that。故選A。答案:A25(2012蘇州)We havent discussed yet_.Awhere we are going to put our new table Bwhere are we going to put our new tableCwhat we are going to put our new table Dwhat are we going to put our

32、new table解析:考查賓語從句的用法。在賓語從句中用陳述語序,故排除B、D兩項,表示“把新桌子放在哪”,使用where,故選A。答案:A26Tony,tell me the result of the discussion _you had with your dad yesterday. Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwho解析:考查定語從句的引導詞。定語從句的引導詞在從句中作賓語,故用關系代詞引導,排除C項;who引導定語從句時其先行詞指人,不符合題意;what不能作定語從句的引導詞;which引導定語從句,在從句中作賓語時,其先行詞為物,符合題意。答案:B27Who is

33、 your new head teacher this semester?The woman _is wearing a red skirt. Awhom Bwho Cwhose Dwhich解析:考查定語從句的引導詞。關系代詞指代the woman,并在定語從句中作主語,只有who符合題意。whom指人,作賓語;whose“誰的”,作定語;which指物,可作主語或賓語。答案:B28(2012黃石)I still remember the time_ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year. Awhen Bwhat Cwho Dwhich解

34、析:考查定語從句。the time是先行詞,指物,在從句中作spent的賓語,關系代詞使用that或which,故選D。答案:D29Your Tshirt is so cool. Could you tell me _? Awhere you buy it Bwhere do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句的語序應為陳述語序,可排除B、D。由句意可判斷時態(tài)應為過去時,故選C。答案:C30(2012河南)My pen pal from America is coming to visit me

35、. Im thinking about _.Awhat present did I give her Bhow I will give her a surpriseCwhere will we have a big mealDwhether I planned a trip for her解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句應用陳述語序,故排除A、C兩項;根據“Im thinking about”可判斷不能用過去時態(tài),故排除D,選B。答案:B31Friends are those _ make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourag

36、e you to succeed. Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho解析:考查定語從句。先行詞those這里代指friends,故用who引導定語從句。答案:D32(2012蘇州)What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. Ais raining Brains Cwill rain D rain解析:考查if引導的條件狀語從句。在if引導的條件狀語從句中使用一般現在時表示一般將來的含義,tomorrow是將來的時間,故選B。答案:B33(20

37、12柳州)The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited. Awho Bwhen Cthat解析:考查定語從句。place是先行詞,指物,且其前有最高級修飾,因此定語從句的關系代詞應用that。故選C。答案:C34(2012沈陽)I wonder _ pet fish.They are a pleasure to watch.Awhy people keep Bwhy do people keep Cwhere people keep Dwhere do people keep解析:考查賓語從句。賓語從句用陳述語序。又由語境可知選A

38、。答案:A35(2012河南)Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible” Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich解析:考查定語從句。whom引導定語從句,指“人”,在從句中作賓語;what不能引導定語從句;who引導定語從句,指“人”,在從句中作主語或賓語;which引導定語從句,指“物”,在從句中作主語或賓語。根據句意“成功屬于那些從不說不可能的人”可知,此處指代“人”,且作主語,故選C。答案:C36The boy _ is flying a kite on the playground is my little bro

39、ther. Awho Bwhat Cwhich解析:考查定語從句。主語是the boy,故引導詞用who。答案:A37(2012福州)Well go for a picnic if it _ this Sunday. Wish you a lovely weekend.Arain Bdoesnt rain Cwont rain解析:在if引導的條件狀語從句中,主句用將來時,從句用一般現在時。故選B。答案:B38Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? Ait Bwhat Cwho Dthat解析:本題是對從句引導詞的考查。句意為“你喜歡那些能讓你放松的音樂嗎

40、?”后半部分是個定語從句,先行詞為music,可以用that或which引導,所以選D。答案:D39_ you dont go to bed earlier, you will feel tired in the morning. AUnless BIf CThough DUntil解析:考查if引導的條件狀語從句。答案:B40(2012河北)Our teachers always give us good advice. We should follow _.Awhat they say Bwhat they said Cwhich they say Dwhich they said解析:考

41、查動詞時態(tài)和特殊疑問詞的辨析。句意為“我們的老師總是給我們好的建議。我們要聽從他們所說的”。what they say“他們所說的”,符合句意。故選A。答案:A41_ well you drive, you must drive carefully. ANo matter where BIn order that CNo matter how DAs soon as解析:句意為“不管你開車開得多好,也一定要認真開”。故選C。答案:C42(2012柳州)Wang Dong didnt go to school yesterday _ he was ill. Aso Bif Cbecause解析:becau

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