試驗(yàn)一網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置與常用命令

1、實(shí)驗(yàn)一 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置與常用命令一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆誘CP/IP協(xié)議的配置方法；掌握如何使用IPCONFIG命令當(dāng)證PC的網(wǎng) 絡(luò)配置；掌握如何使用PING命令驗(yàn)證目標(biāo)主機(jī)的連通性；掌握如何使用 TRACERT命令跟蹤目標(biāo)主機(jī)路由；掌握如何使用NETSTAT命令查詢主機(jī)當(dāng)前 網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接；掌握如何使用 ARP命令查看ARP高速緩存；掌握如何使用 NSLOOKUP命令進(jìn)行域名查詢；二、實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境.運(yùn)行 Windows 2000/2003Server/XP操作系統(tǒng)的 PC 兩臺(tái);.每臺(tái)PC具有一塊以太網(wǎng)卡，通過(guò)雙絞線與局域網(wǎng)相連；圖1 Tracert命令實(shí)驗(yàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)圖三、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令：IPCONFIG-IP地址

2、相關(guān)配置查詢命令PING-網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試命令TRACERT-路由跟蹤命令NETSTAT-網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接查詢命令A(yù)RP-以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)ARP表命令NSLOOKUP-域名查詢命令四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.為PC配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼、網(wǎng)關(guān)和 DNS為PC配置正確的IP地址及相關(guān)參數(shù)：第一,點(diǎn)擊開(kāi)始-控制面板-網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接-網(wǎng)卡 第二，點(diǎn)擊屬性按鈕。第三，選擇TCP/IP協(xié)議，選擇屬性。第四，配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼、網(wǎng)關(guān)、DNS, 第五，驗(yàn)證PC的IP地址及相關(guān)參數(shù)配置2,使用IPCONFIG命令查詢主機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置C:Documents and SettingsAdministratoripcontig /allWindow

3、s IP Configuration TOC o 1-5 h z Host Name :mossPrimary Dns Suffix :Node Type :UnknownIP Routing Enabled: NoWINS Proxy Enabled： NoEthernet adapter Local Area ConnectionConnection-specific DNS Suffix 一：Description:Broadcom BGM57OSC NetXtreme II GigE (NDISVBD Client) #2Physical Address:OO-14-5E-FC-53-

4、74DHCP Enabled. . . . . .: NoIP Address:192.168 0.1Subnet Mask : 255.255 255 0Default Gateway: 192.1B8.0.254DNS Servers ： 192 168 0.253C:Documerits and SettingsVWmimstratar.使用PING命令驗(yàn)證目標(biāo)主機(jī)的連通性使用PING命令測(cè)試連通性C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping HYPERLINK Pinging HYPERLINK 8 with 32 bytes of data:Re

5、ply from 8: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 8:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 3ms,

6、Average = 1ms 使用PING命令對(duì)目標(biāo)主機(jī)PING 1000字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)包C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -l 1000 HYPERLINK Pinging HYPERLINK 3 with 1000 bytes of data:Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=6ms T

7、TL=56Ping statistics for 3:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 3ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 4ms 使用PING命令對(duì)目標(biāo)主機(jī)連續(xù) PING 10次C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -n 10 HYPERLINK Pinging HYPERLINK 3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply f

8、rom 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Rep

9、ly from 3: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 3:Packets: Sent = 10, Received = 10, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 6ms, Average = 2ms使用PING命令持續(xù)PING目標(biāo)主機(jī)，使用 Ctrl-C結(jié)束C:Documents and SettingsAdminist

10、ratorping -t HYPERLINK Pinging HYPERLINK 3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply f

11、rom 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 3:Packets: Sent = 13,

12、 Received = 13, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 8ms, Average = 5ms Control-CAC.使用TRACERT命令跟蹤目標(biāo)主機(jī)路由C:Documents and SettingsAdministratortracert -d HYPERLINK Tracing route to HYPERLINK 3 over a maximum of 30 hops:11 ms1 ms1 ms221 ms1 msnetstat

13、 -anActive ConnectionsProto Local AddressTCP:25TCP:80TCP:135TCP:445TCP:1025TCP:1027TCP:1028TCP:1029TCP:1433TCP:3389TCP:8080TCP:8888TCP:56737TCP:56738TCP7:139TCP7:1433TCP7:1433Foreign Address :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :07:21257:2134StateLISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENIN

14、GLISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENING LISTENINGLISTENING LISTENING ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED.使用ARP命令查看ARP高速緩存使用arp命令可以查看ARP高速緩存中的內(nèi)容，可以消除緩存中的地址映 射，建立新的地址映射。常用命令選項(xiàng)：arp -破 arp -g用于查看高速緩存中的所有項(xiàng)目。-a和-g參數(shù)的結(jié)果是一樣的，多年來(lái)-g一直是UNIX平臺(tái)上用來(lái)顯示 ARP高速緩存中所有 項(xiàng)目的 選項(xiàng)，而 Windows用的是arp-a（-a可被視為al

15、l,即全部的意思），但它也可以接受比 較傳統(tǒng)的-g選項(xiàng)。arp -a IP如果你有多個(gè)網(wǎng)卡，那么使用arp -a加上接口的IP地址，就可以只顯示與該接口相關(guān)的ARP緩存項(xiàng)目arp -s IP物理地址可以向ARP高速緩存中人工輸入一個(gè)靜態(tài)項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目在計(jì)算機(jī)引導(dǎo)過(guò) 程中將保持有效狀態(tài)，或者在出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，人工配置的物理地址將自動(dòng)更 新該項(xiàng)目。arp -d IP使用本命令能夠人工刪除一個(gè)靜態(tài)項(xiàng)目。在校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，最方便的搗亂方法就是盜用別人的IP地址，被盜用IP地址的 計(jì)算機(jī)不僅不能正常使用校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而且還會(huì)頻繁出現(xiàn)IP地址被占用的提示對(duì)話 框，給校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和用戶應(yīng)用帶來(lái)極大的隱患。捆綁 IP地址和

16、MAC地址就能 有效地避免這種現(xiàn)象。如何查找MAC地址1、在Windows 9x/2000/XP下單擊 開(kāi)始/程序”，找到“MSDOS方式”或 命令 提示符”。2、在命令提示符下輸入：“Ipcon巾g/all,回車(chē)后出現(xiàn)如附圖所示的對(duì)話框， 其中的“Physical Addres蜘是所查的MAC地址。捆綁IP地址和MAC地址可以按以下方式進(jìn)行：進(jìn)入“MSDOS方式”或 命令提示符，在命令提示符下輸入命令：ARP - s 2 00-10-5C-AD-72-E3,即可把MAC 地址和IP地址捆綁在一起。這樣，就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)IP地址被盜用而不能正常使用校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)的情況（當(dāng)然也就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤提示對(duì)話框），可

17、以有效保證校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全和用戶的應(yīng)用。注意：ARP命令僅對(duì)局域網(wǎng)的上網(wǎng)代理服務(wù)器有用，而且是針對(duì)靜態(tài)IP地址，如果采用Modem撥號(hào)上網(wǎng)或是動(dòng)態(tài)IP地址就不起作用。.使用NSLOOKUP命令查詢域名C:Documents and SettingsAdministratornslookupDefault Server: Address: 202,106.116.1 HYPERLINK Server: Address: 202,106.116.1Name: HYPERLINK Addresses: 211,153.19,129, 211,153.32.1 server Default Server: Address: 202,106.116.1set querytype=mxServer: Address: 202,106.116.1 canonical name = primary name server = responsible mail addr = se