國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)英文名詞解釋英to英

1、國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)英文名詞解釋 （英 to 英）What s International Trade?The international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country.EXPORTINGExporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right t

2、ime in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.EXWEXW means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller s premises （ 法定地址 ） or another named place. The seller doesn

3、 t not declare the goods for export and he needn t load goods on anycollecting vehicle.FASFree alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that mome

4、nt.FOBFree on Board means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship s railat the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point. The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export.CFRCost and freight means that the seller deli

5、vers when the goods pass ship srail at the named port of shipmentCIFCIFmeans that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additionalthat he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance a

6、nd pay the insurance premium.FCA, Free carrier （Named place）It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handedover the goods, cleared for export, into the custody of the carrier named bythe buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by thebuyer, th

7、e seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When, according to commercial practices, the seller s assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier,the seller may act at the buyer s risk and expenses.CPT, Carriage paid to (n

8、amed place of destination) 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至 (指定目的地)It means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination, the risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier,

9、is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.CIP, Carriage and insurance paid to (named place of destination)運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至(指定目的地)It means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to pro

10、cure cargo insurance against the buyer s risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.DES, Delivered Ex Ship( - named port of destination)船上交貨(指定目的港)It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer

11、 on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved in bringing the goods there.DEQ, Delivered ex Quay( - names port of destination) 碼頭交貨(指定目的港) It means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay at the d

12、estination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved on bringing the goods there.DDU, Delivered Duty Unpaid (- named place of destination)未完稅交貨(指定目的地)It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods havebeen made available at the na

13、med place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there, as well as the cost and risk of carrying out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any risks caused by his failure to clear the g

14、oods for import in time.DDP Delivered Duty Paid( - named place of destination)完稅后交貨(指定目的地)It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation.The seller has to bear all the risks and costs including dutie

15、s, taxes andother charges for delivering the goods, clearing for importation. It represents the maximum obligation borne by the seller.DAF, Delivered At Frontier （named place）邊境交貨（指定地點(diǎn)）It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available, cleared for exp

16、ort, at the named point of place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the country named in the sales contract.Quality of goodsThe quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods, such as shape, structure, color, flavors well as chemical compositi

17、on, physical and mechanical property, biological feature, etc.In international trade, quality of the goods not only concerns the value in use and the price of the goods, but also concerns the sales of the goods and credit standing of the manufacturer.Sale by samples.The sample refers to the article

18、which can be used to represent the qualityof the whole lot. Sale by sample includes tree cases, i.e., sale by the seller s sample and sale, sale by the buyer s sample a nd sale by counter sampleSale by actual quality:（ 以實(shí)際品質(zhì)交貨）In this case, the buyer or his agent examines the goods at seller s place

19、 at first. After they conclude a deal, the seller shall deliver the goods according to the goods examined.Sale by description: （以說明表示）In international business, most commodities are suitable to sale by description which can be subdivided into 7 kindsSale by specification: （憑規(guī)格買賣）The specification of

20、 the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, etc.Sale by grade: （憑等級買賣）The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which is indicated by words, numbers or symbols. The

21、classifications are usually decided by different qualities, weights, compositions, appearances, properties, etc.Sale by standard:（憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣）The standard refers to the specifications or grades which are stipulated and announced by the government or the chambers of commerce, etc.F.A.Q.: （良好平均品質(zhì)）In the int

22、ernational agricultural and by-product market, there is a commonly adopted standard, i.e., fair average quality. F.A.Q. refers to the average level of the export commodity within a certain period of time.Sale by brand name or trademark:憑商標(biāo)品牌買賣As to the goods whose quality is stable, reputation is so

23、und and with which the customers are quite familiar, we may sell it by brand name or trade mark.（ 奔馳汽車 ）Sale by name of origin: 憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣There are some agricultural products and by-products whose origins are well- known all over the world.Sale by description:憑說明書和圖樣買賣The quality of some commodities, s

24、uch as technologicalinstruments, electricmachines, etc. can not be simply indicated by quality indexes, instead it is quite necessary to explain in detail the structure,material, performanceas well as method of operation. If necessary, pictures, photos, etc. must also be provided.Quality Tolerance 品

25、質(zhì)公差The quality tolerance is used in the trade of industrial products, which means that the quality of the goods delivered by the seller is allowed to have certain differences within a certain range since such differences are usually unavoidable and commonly accepted as the usage of the same special

26、trade.Quality tolerance is mainly used for industrial productsQuality latitude 品質(zhì)機(jī)動幅度The quality latitude means that the quality indexes of the goods delivered by the seller may be controlled flexibly within a certain latitude.The packing of goodsIn international trade packing is one of the essentia

27、l component parts of commodity production. Generally speaking, only packed commodities can enter into the circulation field, and attain the commercial value and use value of the goods.Packing can protect commodity and keep it good in quality and intact in quantity in the circulation process.Neutral

28、packing and brand designated by the buyer 中性包裝和定牌It means that there is neither a name of the origin, nor a name of the factory, nor a trade mark, a brand, or even any words on the packing of the commodity and the commodity itself. It includes two kinds: packing with trade mark designated by the buy

29、er but without the mark of the manufacturers and origins packing and without trade mark and origins as well as the mark of the manufacturersBrand designated by the buyer:It means that the seller addresses the trade mark or brand on the package of the commodity or the commodity itself as buyer s requ

30、est.定牌是指賣方按買方要求在其出售的商品或包裝上標(biāo)明買方指定的商標(biāo)或品牌，這 種做法叫定牌生產(chǎn)。Shipping mark: 運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志這種標(biāo)志又稱嘜頭，通常是由一個(gè)簡單的幾何圖形和一些字母、數(shù)字及簡單的丈字組成。It is usually made up of geometrical diagrams, letters, figures and simplewords. The contents of shipping mark are as follows:.Consignee s code or Consignor s code. Reference Number.Destinatio

31、n.Package numberThe shipping mark also include the contract number, gross and net weight, origin, etc.Indicative mark: （指示性標(biāo)志）This kind of mark is used to reminder the relative workers of the items for attention when they load, unload, carry and store the goods, such as handle wit h care , keep dry

32、etc.Warning mark: （警告性標(biāo)志）It is also called dangerous cargo mark, which is brushed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of the inflammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive goods, so as to give warnings to the workers.Commodity InspectionThe inspection of commodities refers to that inspectio

33、n institutions should examine the quality, quantity, packing, etc. of commodities delivered by the seller in order to make sure that the goods are exactly in conformity with the terms of sales contract or the stipulations of documentary credit.International Cargo TransportationThe international carg

34、o transportation refers to the act of the seller delivering the contracted cargoes at the agreed time, place and in the agreed manners, tothe buyer (Physical delivery of goods). Actually, in modern business society, international cargo transportation also meansto transfer the shipping documents at t

35、he stipulated time to the buyer (Symbolic delivery of goods).Tramp(Shipping by chartering) 租船運(yùn)輸It means a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule ofsailings or port or freight. The shipper charters ship from the shipowner anduses it to carry the goods. It falls into 3 kinds:Na

36、tural calamities 自然災(zāi)害They are caused by the forces resulting from the changes of nature, e.g., vile weather, thunder, lightning, tsunami(/tsuna :mi/)( 海嘯)，earthquake, flood,etc.Fortuitous accidents:意外事故They include accidents resulting from unexpected causes, the carrying conveyance being grounded, s

37、tranded, or in collision with floating ice or other objects, as well as fire or explosion.Actual Total Loss: 實(shí)際全損It means that the insured subject matter is totally and irretrievably (un-savable) lost.Constructive Total Loss:推定全損It is estimated that the actual total loss of cargo is inevitable or th

38、e cost of salvage or recovery could have exceed the value of the cargo.General Average: 共同海損It refers to a certain special sacrifice and extra expense intentionally incurred for the general interests of the ship-owner, the insurer, and the owners of the various cargoes abroad the ship.When a ship is

39、 indanger, the captain must make a decision and one of shippers will suffer.In order to compensate the special sacrifice,all the others will club together to re-compensate him for loss.Particular average:單獨(dú)海損It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any cause and the degree of the damage does n

40、ot reach a total loss, i.e., only a partial loss, which shall be borne by the owner of this individual consignment.With particular average (W.P.A.) 水漬險(xiǎn)It covers partial loss due to vile weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake and/or flood as well as the risks covered under F.P.A. condition as mentio

41、nedabove.All risks:一切險(xiǎn)Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A. and W.A. conditions as above, this insurance also covers all risks of losses or damage to the insured goods whether partial or total, arising from special additional risks.Additional risks 附加險(xiǎn)This kind of risk can t be covered indep

42、endently; They shall be underwritten depending on one kind of the basic risks.General additional risks一般附加險(xiǎn)Special additional risks特殊附加險(xiǎn)General Additional RisksSpecial additional risks includesIt includes war risk,strikes risk,rejection risk and aflatoxinIt includes theft, fresh and rain water damag

43、e, shortage, leakage, sweating and heating ,intermixture and contamination, odor, hook damage, breakage of packing, rusting, etc.risk,failure to delivery,import duty risk,on deck risk.Insurance Certificate保險(xiǎn)憑證It is a kind of simplified insurance policy, and the rights and obligations of two parties

44、are omitted. But it has the same legal validity as the insurance policy.Bill of exchange 匯票A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand, or at a fixed or dete

45、rminable further time, a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person, or to any bearer.The drawer 出票人The person who draws the bill of exchange and he is usually the exporter or his banker in import or export trade.The drawee 付款人The person who is to pay the money and he is usually

46、 the importer or the appointed banker under a letter of credit in import and export trade.The payee 受款人The person who is to receive the money, he may be, and often is, thesame person as the drawer and he is usually the exporter himself or his appointed banker in business or he may be the bearer of t

47、he bill.Drawing (issuing) 出票It means the act of the drawer in filling up the bill of exchange with particulars as to the name of the drawee, the amount payable, the date of payment and the nameof the payee, and after signature, the drawer may present the bill to the drawee through the medium of the

48、payee or a banker.Presentation 提示It refers to the act of the holder of the bill of exchange presenting the bill to the drawee, asking the later either to pay or to accept the bill.The drawee s receiving or seeing the bill is called sight.Acceptance 承兌It means the act of the drawee to show his respon

49、sibilityby acceptingthe usance bill for payment at a fixed future date by writing the word“ accepted ” , marking the date of acceptance and signing on the face of the bill.Endorsement 背書It may be a negotiable instrument, and may be transferable in the international money market. In the caseof a “to

50、order ” bill of exchange,endorsement is needed in the procedure of negotiation or transfer by the payee by signing his name on the back of the bill, either blank endorsement which makes the bill payable to the bearer or holder, or full endorsement with the name of the transferee and his order, who i

51、s called the endorsee.Dishonour (Protesting) 拒付When a bill has been duly presented for acceptance or payment and the acceptance or payment has been refused, the bill is said to be dishonored.Promissory Note: 本票A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another sig

52、ned by the maker, engaging in paying, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to a order of, a specified person or to a bearer.Classification of the promissory note本票的分類A Promissory Note is classified into bank note and commercial note. Bank note is issued

53、by the bank; but commercial note is issued by the business unit or the individual.Cheque 支票A cheque is an unconditional order in writing drawnon a banker signedby the drawer, requiring the banker to pay on demand a sum certain in money to or to the order of specified person or to a bearer.Remittance

54、 匯付 The definition and parties of remittance 匯付的定義及其當(dāng)事 人Remittance means that the buyer remits money to the seller through a bank on his own initiative.Parties of remittanceRemitter 匯款人Payee or beneficiary收款人Paying bank 匯入行Remitting bank 匯出行Mail transfer （M/T）:（ 信匯 ）The buyer gives money to a local

55、bank which sends a trust deed （契 約） for payment to its corresp ondent bank at the seller s end by mail and entrusts it with the task to pay money to the seller.Telegraphic transfer （T/T）（ 電匯 ）At the request of the buyer, a local bank sends a trust deed for payment by cable or tested telegram directl

56、y to its correspondent bank at the seller s end and en trusts the work to it to pay money to the seller.Demand draft （D/D）: （ 票匯 ）The buyer buys a draft from a local bank and sends it by mail to the seller, the seller or his appointed person can collect moneyfrom the relative bank at his end against

57、 the draft sent by the buyer.Collection 托收Collection means that the exporter asks his bank to arrange for the acceptance or payment of the bill overseas, and the bank will carry his task through it s own branch office abroad or a correspondent bank.Collection on Clean billIt means that the exporter

58、collects the purchase price against the draft only, without any shipping documents attached thereto.Collection on documentary billIt means that the exporter collects the purchase price against the documentary bill. It can be subdivided into two kinds:Document against payment （D/P）D/P calls for actua

59、l payment against the transfer of shipping documents. There is D/P at sight and D/P after sigh。D/P at sightAfter shipment of the goods, the exporter shall draw a sight bill of exchange, and send it as well as shipping documents to a local bank, through which and whose correspondent bank the document

60、ary draft is presented to the importer. The importer shall pay against the documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. It requires immediate payment by the importer toget hold ofthe documents.Documents against acceptance （D/A）It calls for deliver of documents against acceptance of the draft draw