長(zhǎng)句復(fù)雜句翻譯PPT課件(PPT 32頁(yè))

1、一、分析長(zhǎng)句一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這些長(zhǎng)句的共同點(diǎn)就是同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和分句很多，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的距離很遠(yuǎn)，還時(shí)常伴有插入成分，所以理解長(zhǎng)句的要領(lǐng)就是先找出主干，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，然后再看各個(gè)分句或修飾成分與它的關(guān)系。（一）分析句子，找出全句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。（二）找出句中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。（三）分析從句和短語(yǔ)的作用，是主從、賓從、表從等還是 某種狀語(yǔ)等。（四）注意插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。（五）注意一些固定句型、固定搭配等。1第1頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordere

2、d to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.2第2頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.分析: 該句共有三層含義: A: 人們不敢出門(mén);

3、B: 盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況; C: 警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無(wú)能為力。在這三層含義中, B表示讓步, C表示原因, 而A則表示結(jié)果, 按照漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣順序, 我們作如下的安排:盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況, 但人們不敢出門(mén), 因?yàn)榫煲埠推渌艘粯硬恢牒蜔o(wú)能為力。3第3頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。practiceI wondered how she would feelif she learned that the Negrobefore whom she had behaved in such an unladylike mannerwas in fact

4、a white man. 4第4頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。長(zhǎng)句翻譯的操作方法： 理順原句內(nèi)部關(guān)系，理出句中包含的各語(yǔ)義點(diǎn) I wondered （1）how she would feel（2）if she learned that the Negro（3）before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner（4）was in fact a white man（3）. 我心中思忖（1）不知她作何感想（2）倘若得知這個(gè)黑人其實(shí)是白人時(shí)（3）在一個(gè)黑人面前表現(xiàn)得如此有失女士風(fēng)度（4）我心中思襯（1），在一個(gè)黑人面前表現(xiàn)得如此有失女士風(fēng)度（4），倘若得知

5、這個(gè)黑人其實(shí)是白人時(shí)（3），不知她作何感想（2）。5第5頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。Finally，because the ultimate take holders are patients，the health research community should actively recruit應(yīng)該積極爭(zhēng)取to its cause not only well -known personalities such as Stephen Cooper，who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research，but all wh

6、o receive medical treatment. 譯文：最后，因?yàn)樽钣邪l(fā)言權(quán)的人是病人，醫(yī)療研究機(jī)構(gòu)不僅應(yīng)該積極爭(zhēng)取斯蒂芬?guī)彀剡@樣曾大膽陳述動(dòng)物研究?jī)r(jià)值的名人來(lái)支持自己的事業(yè)， 而且應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取所有接受過(guò)治療的人的支持。6第6頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣于用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念， 漢語(yǔ)不同，常常使用若干短句，清晰簡(jiǎn)潔地表達(dá)，在進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)句翻譯時(shí)，要特別注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)之間的差異，一般采取下列方法7第7頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。順序法/順譯法當(dāng)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句所敘述的一連串動(dòng)作基本上是按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后等邏輯關(guān)系安排的， 這與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方法比較一致，因此翻譯時(shí)可按照原文順序譯出。8第8頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。例.If you

7、are part of the group which you are addressing，you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties.譯文：如果你是你談話對(duì)象集體中的一員，你就可以設(shè)身

8、處地了解你們所有人共有的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，你可以對(duì)食堂極難吃的食物或者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在選擇領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味進(jìn)行評(píng)頭論足。9第9頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering，to the extent that it constitutes “sysematic pain abuse”蓄意虐待病人”譯文：“許多醫(yī)生對(duì)病人遭受不必要的、可預(yù)見(jiàn)的痛苦無(wú)動(dòng)于衷”，甚至構(gòu)成“蓄意虐待病人”。10第10頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。The

9、fact that the average Englishmans home has become his workshop(1) is partly because he is keen on working with his hands (2)and partly because he feels, for one reason or another(4), that he must do for himself many household jobs (3)for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help.

10、(5)普通英國(guó)人的家已經(jīng)成了自家的工場(chǎng)，1一方面是因?yàn)樗麩嶂杂谧约簞?dòng)手干，2另一方面是因?yàn)槌鲇谀撤N原因4，他覺(jué)得許多家務(wù)活必須自己干，3而這些活在幾年前他會(huì)雇專人來(lái)干的。511第11頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。practiceAfter years of harbouring tens of thousands of illegal foreign workers, Taiwan is gradually opening its doors to legal labourers from Southeast Asia in an effort to relieve a chronic manpower sh

11、ortage.許多年中,臺(tái)灣曾容留了成千上萬(wàn)的非法外來(lái)勞工.現(xiàn)在它正逐漸打開(kāi)門(mén)戶,接納來(lái)自東南亞的合法勞工,以努力緩解島內(nèi)勞動(dòng)力的長(zhǎng)期短缺.12第12頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。逆序法/逆譯法有些英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同，甚至完全相反，這時(shí)就必須從原文后面譯起，逆著原文的順序翻譯，進(jìn)一步解釋。也就是說(shuō)在英語(yǔ)中，許多定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)常放于被修飾語(yǔ)的后面，在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們習(xí)慣把它們放在修飾語(yǔ)之前13第13頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。例.International affiliates國(guó)際分公司account for a fast -growing segment of production in economi

12、es that open up and welcome foreign investment.譯文：在那些對(duì)外開(kāi)放并歡迎外資的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，國(guó)際分公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)中所占份額也在快速增長(zhǎng)。The policemen set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他還未交贖金，警察就把他放了。14第14頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare，who earns their living，was himself an actor （with a be

13、ard）and did his share of noise-making.譯文： 當(dāng)你想到為他們提供生計(jì)的莎士比亞本人就是個(gè)留著胡須、吵吵嚷嚷的演員時(shí)，這真是一個(gè)極好的諷刺。15第15頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。practiceFrom radio-active water and soil around a nuclear-weapons plant in Colorado to man-made deserts in Soviet Central Asia, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unneighbor

14、ly attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and clothe us all.如果人們受教育不夠或不能善待環(huán)境，他們會(huì)對(duì)人類賴以生存的這個(gè)星球做出些什么事來(lái)呢？全世界到處都有這樣的例子：從科羅拉多州核武器工廠周?chē)浠钴S的水土到原蘇聯(lián)中亞地區(qū)的人為沙漠。（逆譯法） 16第16頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。2022/7/2117第17頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。綜合法實(shí)際上，在翻譯一個(gè)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法，因?yàn)橛行┯⒄Z(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句順譯或逆譯都不合適，分譯也有困難，單純地使用一種譯法不能譯出地道的漢語(yǔ)，此時(shí)就應(yīng)仔細(xì)琢磨，或按時(shí)間先，或按邏輯順序，順逆結(jié)合，有

15、主有次地進(jìn)行綜合處理。18第18頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。1. we have a certain conception of the American citizen，a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.譯文：我們對(duì)美國(guó)公民有這樣一種概念：如果他不能準(zhǔn)確地判斷自身的生活及幸福如何受外界影響， 他就是一個(gè)不完善的公民。19第19頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。It would take m

16、e an entire book to list（1）all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people（2）, but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends（3）- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved（4）. 我畢生認(rèn)識(shí)了許多人，他們一生中大部分時(shí)間都是單身（2），但在朋友群中卻

17、無(wú)可非議地是個(gè)核心人物（3）。他們經(jīng)常幫人解決問(wèn)題，廣受尊敬，廣受愛(ài)戴（4）。要把這些人的姓名一一列出的話，恐怕要寫(xiě)一本書(shū)（1）20第20頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。One of the most heartwarming aspects（1）of people who are born with a facial disfigurement（2）, whether minor or major（3）, is the number of them（1） who do not allow it to upset their lives（4）, even reaching out to help others

18、with the same problem（5）. 有些人生來(lái)面部就有殘缺（2），殘缺有大有?。?），但令人欣慰的是這些人中很多人（1）并沒(méi)有因此而生活得不愉快（4），相反，他們倒去主動(dòng)幫助其他有同樣問(wèn)題的人（5）。21第21頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contra

19、st between the two lives which it connects. 在我的記憶里，安妮曼斯菲爾德沙利文老師來(lái)的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開(kāi)始，我的生活和以前迥然不同，一想到這一點(diǎn)，我就感到非常興奮。22第22頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War，it had a market eight times larger than any competitor，giving its industries

20、 unparalleled economies of scale.譯文：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，美國(guó)恰好進(jìn)入了這樣的一段輝煌時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)，它擁有比任何競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者大八倍的市場(chǎng)，使其產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)到了前所未有的規(guī)模。23第23頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。practiceMany man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because

21、 the physical property of the synthetic substance合成材料, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.24第24頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materia

22、ls because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest us

23、e in the fields in which it is to be applied.合成材料通常稱為人造材料。許多人造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料，這或許是因?yàn)樘烊恢破返臄?shù)量不能滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的需求，但更多的則是因?yàn)槿藗兛粗辛撕铣刹牧系哪撤N物理性能，并充分發(fā)揮這些性能，以便使合成材料在其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中最大限度地發(fā)揮作用。（綜合法）25第25頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。分句轉(zhuǎn)換26第26頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。分句轉(zhuǎn)換是指一種英語(yǔ)分句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種分句，例如：(1) They felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, fo

24、r they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes.他們覺(jué)得搶劫他們的同種人要安全得多，因?yàn)樗麄冎?，如果黑人侵犯的是黑人，白人警察便從?lái)不認(rèn)真搜捕。（定語(yǔ)從句-條件狀語(yǔ)從句）27第27頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。(2) Her great grief in this relation was that her only child, on whose education no expense had been and

25、would be spared, was now old enough to perceive these deficiencies in his mother. 這一方面給她造成了極大的苦悶，也就是有關(guān)她的獨(dú)生子的問(wèn)題。雖然過(guò)去和今后在兒子的教育費(fèi)用上既不曾也不會(huì)省掉什么錢(qián)，然而如今他的年紀(jì)已經(jīng)不小，能注意他母親的這些缺點(diǎn)了。（定語(yǔ)從句-讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）28第28頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply

26、available to all of us within the covers of books - but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most from it. The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.29第29頁(yè)，共32頁(yè)。All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of b