閱讀填空題解題指導

1、閱讀填空題解題指導閱讀填空題主要考查學生語言運用能力，可以理解為閱讀理解題的另一種形式。閱讀填空題要求學生閱讀后按照自己的理解進行填空，即用自己的語言來轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容，側(cè)重于考查學生的閱讀理解和寫作能力。閱讀填空題的能力要求在閱讀理解題之上、書面表達題之下。其選材主要是注意使用性的說明文和應用文。從形式上看，閱讀填空題是閱讀理解題的一種形式，但實質(zhì)上卻屬于信息收集整理和再創(chuàng)作的語言應用題。一、閱讀填空題的命題特點：1這一題型屬于主觀性試題，因此每道題的答案可能出現(xiàn)多種情況，但不論哪種解答，都必須忠實于原文，即對原文充分理解后的歸納總結，或是在原文中可以找到的信息點。2這一題型屬于信息的收集、整理

2、試題，不僅是對語言知識層面的考查，還是對語言運用層面的考查。3這一題型并非簡單的閱讀理解題，它還要求考生分析、整理出與短文表述的信息有關的內(nèi)容，并進行適當?shù)木湫娃D(zhuǎn)換。4該題型不僅考查直接信息的理解與獲得，更考查間接信息的獲得。5該題型不僅要求獲得信息(找到原文中的詞或短語填空)，還需要按照題目的要求(如，不超過3個單詞)表述信息，正確地用英語做解釋。所以，閱讀填空題考查閱讀信息材料、收集整理直接或間接信息以及科學表述信息的能力。二、閱讀填空題的注意事項：1讀懂短文主要意思、了解文章大意是解題的第一環(huán)節(jié)，也是最關鍵的一步。只有讀懂了文章，才能順利地在表格中填出相關的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前

3、提供了小標題，要特別注意小標題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了標題有助于理解短文和表格的大意和結構。2理清短文主體結構、了解短文的寫作思路和線索結構，有助于加深對篇章內(nèi)容的理解。同時，短文的結構往往也是很重要的命題線索，表格項目基本上就是根據(jù)篇章結構而設計的。3分析、理順表格線索。通過分析表格的項目內(nèi)容，根據(jù)已有的表格內(nèi)容提示來確定短文表格的設計線索，理清短文表格的設計原理。4確定表格項目答案。在完成了前三步的基礎上，再回到短文中尋找確定答案的關鍵詞語，從而確定正確答案。5書寫答案時，切記要注意語言規(guī)范和筆記工整。三、閱讀填空題的解題步驟：1. 審讀表格，熟悉結構。命題者所給的表格是文章內(nèi)

4、容的濃縮，即文章的提綱。所以，我們做題時一定要左看右看、上看下看，找出其規(guī)律。2. 瀏覽全文，了解大意。熟悉表格結構之后應立即快速瀏覽全文，找到主題句。特別是表格的標題設空，主要考查學生對語篇主旨的概括能力。該空要求學生縱觀全文，找出主題句，填寫表格的標題。3. 檢索信息，恰當表達。通過表格的格式和留空位置，大體上知道要填寫哪些方面的信息內(nèi)容，接下來進行閱讀。閱讀時，目標要瞄準與填空信息相關的內(nèi)容，先找出表達顯性信息的詞語，做好標記，再進行綜合分析，抓住段落主題，提取相關的隱性信息。通過閱讀短文，獲取了填空信息的內(nèi)容后，就要用準確的詞語進行表達。由于在閱讀填空題中，每空只能填寫1至3個單詞，因

5、此用詞特別講究。注意所填寫的詞語要具有高度的概括性和準確性；注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、結構轉(zhuǎn)換和句型轉(zhuǎn)換；尤其要注意表達信息與已知信息表達結構上的一致性以及幾個表達信息之間的一致性，如都是動名詞、不定式或名詞詞組等。4. 歸納綜合，概括信息。很多試題雖然答案所需信息在原文中有所體現(xiàn)，但說法不同、句式有異。所以，學生不能照搬照抄，而應根據(jù)題干的需求將文中所提供的信息重新進行組合、整理。有時，學生還需要依據(jù)原文的有關信息進行邏輯推理，然后抽象概括出試題所需要的信息。解答完獲取細節(jié)信息題之后，我們再做概括性的試題。在解答綜合表達信息題方面，我們要根據(jù)標題詞的特點來進行表達。平時，我們要積累典型的總結性詞匯，如：

6、feature, advantage, disadvantage, topic, type, reason, cause, result, effect, advice, suggestion, opinion, name, age等。在概括信息時，可遵循以下兩個原則：1) 概括性原則，即在最大限度上覆蓋行和列的信息，概括其主要內(nèi)容。2) 針對性原則，所用的概括詞既不能太大，也不能太具體。5. 通讀全文，進行驗證。填完所有答案后，可運用“略讀”和“尋讀”兩種方式再次閱讀全文，綜合考慮所填信息是否與文中上下內(nèi)容一致。同時，再次閱讀整個表格，看所填信息是否與表格其它信息的表達方式一致。即使是字母的

7、大小寫、名詞的單復數(shù)等也不可忽視。閱讀填空題專練Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.AWant to learn some of the easy and simple magic card tricks?What they require is a regular pack of playing cards and a li

8、ttle bit of a practice. 1: Easy Pick Ask your friend to pick up a card from the deck and memorize it. Shuffle(洗牌) the cards and ask him to place the picked card on the top of the deck. Take the deck behind your back and flip(翻轉(zhuǎn)) the top card so that its face faces upwards. Bring the deck in front so

9、 that its bottom faces your friend. In the meanwhile, watch the flipped card, which now faces you. Memorize the card and take the deck behind your back again. Flip the card and place it anywhere in the deck. Bring the deck in front and shuffle the cards. As you know the card you can easily point out

10、 the chosen card from the deck. 2: Vanishing(消失的) Card Show your friend a deck of cards(一副紙牌) present in its case. Remove the deck from the case leaving a card in it. Memorize its suit and number. Ask your friend to remove five cards from the deck and place them facing downwards on a flat surface. P

11、ick the card individually, call out their names and ask him to note down without showing the card to him. Along with the four cards call out the name of the card left out in the case instead of the fifth card. Now place all the cards in the deck and shuffle the cards. Hand over the deck to your frie

12、nd and ask him to go through it. He will find that one card is missing. Tell him the card has gone back to the case and show him the case. He will find the missing card there.Title: 1. Characters2. 3. A regular pack of playing cards and a little bit of a practiceTypes4. Easy PickPick up a card and m

13、emorize it.Shuffle the cards and ask your friend to place the picked card on the top of the deck.Take the deck 5. and flip the top card.Bring the deck in front.Watch 6. .Memorize the card and take the deck behind your back again.Flip the card and place it anywhere in the deck.Bring the deck in front

14、 and shuffle the cards.7. Remove the deck from the case leaving a card.Remove five cards from the deck and place them 8. on a flat surface.Pick the card 9. .Call out the name of the card left out in the case.Hand over the deck to your friend.Show him the case.Find 10. .BAlmost two-thirds of American

15、 workers say they are struggling or suffering from stress. Another study found that almost half of American workers expressed concern about their abilities to provide for immediate family needs. Stress affects everybody every day. Stress is how your body reacts to physical, chemical, emotional or en

16、vironmental influences. Some stress is unavoidable and may even be good for us. Stress can keep our bodies and minds strong. It gives us the push we need to deal with an urgent situation, but too much stress can be harmful. It may make an existing health problem worse, or it can lead to sickness if

17、a person is at risk for the condition. Causes of stress can be physical, such as injury or disease, or they can be mental, such as problems involving your family, job, health or finance. People with stress can show anger or sadness. A person may become more forgetful or find it harder to think clear

18、ly. Losing ones sense of humor is another sign of an unhealthy amount of stress. Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress. They include exercise, eating healthy foods and getting enough rest. Doctors say people should limit the amounts of alcohol and caffeine in their diets. People who

19、 have many drinks with caffeine, like coffee, experience more stress and produce more stress hormones(激素). Exercise is one of the most effective stress reduction measures. Doctors say deep, slow breathing is also helpful, and many medical studies have shown that clearing the mind through quiet medit

20、ation helps you become calm. This causes lower blood pressure, reduced muscle tension and decreased heart rate. Expressing emotions to friends or family members or writing down your feelings can help reduce stress. Title: 1.2. How body reacts to physical, chemical, emotional or environmental influen

21、ces.Facts Almost two-thirds of American workers struggle or 3. Almost half of American workers are concerned about their abilities to provide for family needs.4. Good Keep 5. strong. Give push to deal with 6. .Harmful Make an existing health problem worse. 7. .Causes 8. injury or diseaseMentalproble

22、ms of family, job, health or finance 9. Anger, sadness, more forgetful or unable to think clearly Lose sense of humorMeasuresDo exercise, eat healthy foods and get enough rest.10. Express emotions to friends or family or write down the feelings.CA migraine headache(偏頭疼) can cause disabling pain. Peo

23、ple may not feel back to normal for hours or even for days. Migraine headaches are most common among young adults and middle-aged people. In the United States, about eighteen percent of women and six percent of men report having migraines. People who suffer from migraines can find that different “tr

24、iggers” in different people may get a headache started. Stress can act as a trigger. Many migraine sufferers say hot weather and low barometric pressure(氣壓) can act as triggers, but researchers say they did not have much scientific evidence of thatuntil now. In a new study, a team examined the medic

25、al records of seven thousand hospital patients. The patients had visited the emergency room at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, because of a headache. More than two thousand of them had been found to have a migraine. The team then compared those records to weather condi

26、tions in the twenty-four hours before the hospital visits. For every increase of five degrees Celsius in air temperature, the patients had a seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraine. Decreases in barometric pressure two to three days before the visit also appeared to cause headaches. A sep

27、arate study has found that age, gender and where a person has extra body fat may affect the risk of migraine. It found that overweight people between the ages of twenty and fifty-five may have a higher risk. On average, those who were larger around the middle were more likely to have migraines than

28、those of the same age with smaller waistlines(腰圍). Experts suggest that losing weight in the stomach area may help younger people who experience migraines, especially women. Doing exercises regularly is also helpful to reducing migraine headaches. Title: 1.2. 3. . Not feel back to normal for hours or even days.Common gr