工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)_33

1、1.The selection of the appropriate type and size of construction equipment often affects the required amount of time and effort and thus the job-site productivity of a project.選擇合適的施工設(shè)備類(lèi)型和大小，經(jīng)常影響一個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要時(shí)間的多少和付出，以及因此而造成的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)(xinchng)生產(chǎn)率。2.It is therefore important for site managers and construction plan

2、ners to be familiar with the characteristics of the major types of equipment most commonly used in construction.所以，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)經(jīng)理和施工計(jì)劃者熟悉在施工中最常用的主要設(shè)備類(lèi)型的特征是重要的。3.3 Construction Equipment 施工(sh gng)設(shè)備1共十九頁(yè)Excavation and Loading 開(kāi)挖和裝載3.One family of construction machines used for excavation is broadly classified

3、 as a crane-shovel as indicated by the variety of machines in Figure 3-3.用于開(kāi)挖的施工(sh gng)機(jī)械家族的主要類(lèi)型是起重式挖掘機(jī)，如圖3-3所示的各種機(jī)器。4.The crane-shovel consists of three major components:起重式挖掘機(jī)由三個(gè)主要的部分組成：2共十九頁(yè)5.a carrier or mounting which provides mobility and stability for the machine.保持機(jī)器移動(dòng)性和穩(wěn)定性的運(yùn)載工具或底盤(pán)。6. a rev

4、olving deck or turntable which contains the power and control units.包含動(dòng)力和控制(kngzh)單元的可旋轉(zhuǎn)艙面或轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)。7. a front end attachment which serves the special functions in an operation.在操作中提供特殊功能服務(wù)的前置附加裝置。3共十九頁(yè)8.The type of mounting for all machines in Figure 3-3 is referred to as crawler mounting, which is parti

5、cularly suitable for crawling over relatively rugged surfaces at a job site.圖3-3中所示機(jī)器的底盤(pán)形態(tài)都是履帶式底盤(pán)，尤其適用于在地面比較崎嶇的施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)爬行。9. Other types of mounting include truck mounting and wheel mounting which provide greater mobility between job sites, but require better surfaces for their operation.其他底座的類(lèi)型包括卡車(chē)式底盤(pán)和

6、輪子式底盤(pán)，在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)具有更大的移動(dòng)性，但是它們運(yùn)行需要(xyo)比較好的路面情況。4共十九頁(yè)10. The revolving deck includes a cab to house the person operating the mounting and/or the revolving deck.轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)包括一個(gè)(y )容納人操作底盤(pán)和/或轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)的駕駛室。11. The types of front end attachments in Figure 3-3 might include a crane with hook, claim shell, dragline, backhoe, s

7、hovel and pile driver.圖3-3中前置的附加裝置大致包括：帶吊鉤的起重機(jī)、蛤殼、索斗鏟、反鏟挖土機(jī)、鏟子和打樁機(jī)。5共十九頁(yè)6帶吊鉤(dio u)的起重機(jī)蛤殼/抓鏟索斗鏟/拉鏟反鏟挖土機(jī)鏟子(chn zi)/正鏟打樁機(jī)共十九頁(yè)12. A tractor consists of a crawler mounting and a non-revolving cab.拖拉機(jī)包括一個(gè)履帶式底盤(pán)和一個(gè)不可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的駕駛艙組成。13. When an earth moving blade is attached to the front end of a tractor, the asse

8、mbly is called a bulldozer.當(dāng)把推土板安裝到拖拉機(jī)的前段時(shí)，這樣的裝置就叫做(jiozu)推土機(jī)。14. When a bucket is attached to its front end, the assembly is known as a loader or bucket loader.把鏟斗連接在它的前段，這樣的裝置就成了裝卸機(jī)或者叫鏟斗式裝卸機(jī)。15. There are different types of loaders designed to handle most efficiently materials of different weights

9、 and moisture contents.（目前）已經(jīng)有不同種類(lèi)的裝卸機(jī)被設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)用以有效地處理不同重量和水分含量的材料。7共十九頁(yè)16. Scrapers are multiple-units of tractor-truck and blade-bucket assemblies with various combinations to facilitate the loading and hauling of earthwork.鏟運(yùn)機(jī)由拖拉機(jī)式卡車(chē)和刮板式鏟斗多個(gè)部分裝備結(jié)合而成，易于(yy)完成土方工作的裝卸和拖運(yùn)。17. Major types of scrapers incl

10、ude single engine two-axle or three axle scrapers, twin-engine all-wheel-drive scrapers, elevating scrapers, and push-pull scrapers.鏟運(yùn)機(jī)的主要型號(hào)包括單引擎雙軸或三軸鏟運(yùn)機(jī)、雙引擎全驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的鏟運(yùn)機(jī)、升運(yùn)式鏟運(yùn)機(jī)、推拉式鏟運(yùn)機(jī)。18. Each type has different characteristics of rolling resistance, maneuverability stability, and speed in operation.每一種

11、型號(hào)運(yùn)行時(shí)的滾動(dòng)阻力、機(jī)動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性以及速度方面各具特色。8共十九頁(yè)Compaction and Grading 壓實(shí)和平整場(chǎng)地19. The function of compaction equipment is to produce higher density in soil mechanically.壓實(shí)設(shè)備的作用就是通過(guò)機(jī)械使土產(chǎn)生跟高的密度。20.The basic forces used in compaction are static weight, kneading, impact and vibration.在壓實(shí)過(guò)程中使用的基本力是靜重力、捏合力、沖擊力和震動(dòng)力。21. Th

12、e degree of compaction that may be achieved depends on the properties of soil, its moisture content, the thickness of the soil layer for compaction and the method of compaction.可能達(dá)到的壓實(shí)度取決于土質(zhì)、土的含水量、所壓實(shí)土層(t cn)的厚度以及壓實(shí)的方法。9共十九頁(yè)22.The function of grading equipment is to bring the earthwork to the desire

13、d shape and elevation.平整設(shè)備的用途就是使土方達(dá)到預(yù)期的形狀和標(biāo)高。23. Major types of grading equipment include motor graders and grade trimmers.平整場(chǎng)地設(shè)備的主要形式包括發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)式平整機(jī)和平整修整機(jī)。24. The former is an all-purpose machine for grading and surface finishing, while the latter is used for heavy construction because of its higher oper

14、ating speed.前者是一個(gè)多用途的機(jī)器可以進(jìn)行平整和表面處理，后者因其具有較高的運(yùn)行速度一般用于大型(dxng)工程。10共十九頁(yè)Drilling and Blasting 鉆孔和爆破25. Rock excavation is an audacious task requiring special equipment and methods.巖石開(kāi)挖是一項(xiàng)艱難的工作，需要特殊的設(shè)備和方法。26. The degree of difficulty depends on physical characteristics of the rock type to be excavated,

15、such as grain size, planes of weakness, weathering, brittleness and hardness.這項(xiàng)工作的難以程度依賴(lài)于要開(kāi)挖的巖石類(lèi)型的物理性質(zhì)(wl xngzh)。例如粒徑大小、軟弱位面、風(fēng)化度、脆度和硬度。27. The task of rock excavation includes loosening, loading, hauling and compacting.巖石開(kāi)挖任務(wù)包括松散、裝載、拉動(dòng)和壓實(shí)。28. The loosening operation is specialized for rock excavatio

16、n and is performed by drilling, blasting or ripping.松散操作只是針對(duì)巖石開(kāi)挖的，通過(guò)鉆孔、爆破或者（人工）劈鑿實(shí)現(xiàn)。11共十九頁(yè)29.Major types of drilling equipment are percussion drills, rotary drills, and rotary-percussion drills.鉆孔設(shè)備的主要類(lèi)型包括沖擊鉆、旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆和旋轉(zhuǎn)沖擊鉆。30.A percussion drill penetrates and cuts rock by impact while it rotates without

17、 cutting on the upstroke.沖擊鉆的工作原理是在其旋轉(zhuǎn)式依靠沖擊力刺入和切削巖石(ynsh)，在它向上挑的時(shí)候并不切削巖石(ynsh)。31.Common types of percussion drills include a jackhammer which is hand-held and others which are mounted on a fixed frame or on a wagon or crawl for mobility.普通形式的沖擊鉆包括一個(gè)手提鉆和為了便于移動(dòng)而安裝在固定框架或貨車(chē)或爬行器的其他部分。32.A rotary drill c

18、uts by turning a bit against the rock surface.旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆的工作原理是使巖石表面旋轉(zhuǎn)位移。33. A rotary-percussion drill combines the two cutting movements to provide a faster penetration in rock.旋轉(zhuǎn)沖擊鉆是結(jié)合了兩種切削運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而能更快速地穿透巖石。12共十九頁(yè)Lifting and Erecting 提升和安裝34. Derricks are commonly used to lift equipment of materials in indus

19、trial or building construction.在工業(yè)或民用建筑中起重機(jī)通常用作材料的提升設(shè)備。35. A derrick consists of a vertical mast and an inclined boom sprouting from the foot of the mast.起重機(jī)包括一個(gè)垂直的桅桿和一個(gè)從桅桿底部伸出的傾斜吊架。36. The mast is held in position by guys or stiff legs connected to a base while a topping lift links the top of the m

20、ast and the top of the inclined boom.桅桿是由牽索固定或者是用剛性柱固定在底座上的，然后頂部(dn b)的提升裝置把桅桿的頂端和傾斜吊架的頂端連在一起。37.A hook in the road line hanging from the top of the inclined boom is used to lift loads.在行進(jìn)路線(xiàn)中，懸掛在傾斜吊架頂上的吊鉤是用來(lái)起吊荷載的。38. Guy derricks may easily be moved from one floor to the next in a building under con

21、struction while stiff leg derricks may be mounted on tracks for movement within a work area.牽索人字起重機(jī)可以方便地從正在施工的建筑中一個(gè)樓層轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)樓層，而剛性柱起重機(jī)可安裝在軌道上在作業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)移動(dòng)。13共十九頁(yè)39. Tower cranes are used to lift loads to great heights and to facilitate the erection of steel building frames.塔式起重機(jī)用于把貨物(huw)提升至很高的高度，并且方便鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的安

22、裝。40. Horizon boom type tower cranes are most common in high-rise building construction.水平起重臂的塔吊在高層建筑中被普遍使用。41. Inclined boom type tower cranes are also used for erecting steel structures.傾斜吊桿式塔吊也用于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝。14共十九頁(yè)Mixing and Paving 攪拌(jiobn)和鋪路42. Basic types of equipment for paving include machines fo

23、r dispensing concrete and bituminous materials for pavement surfaces.鋪路設(shè)備最基本的類(lèi)型包括鋪設(shè)混凝土型和鋪設(shè)瀝青型。43. Concrete mixers may also be used to mix Portland cement, sand, gravel and water in batches for other types of construction other than paving.除了鋪路，混凝土攪拌機(jī)同樣可以攪拌普通水泥、砂子、石子和水而用于其他類(lèi)型的工程。15共十九頁(yè)44. A truck mix

24、er refers to a concrete mixer mounted on a truck which is capable of transporting ready mixed concrete from a central batch plant to construction sites.商品混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車(chē)是把混凝土攪拌機(jī)裝到卡車(chē)上，該卡車(chē)可以把預(yù)先攪拌好的混凝土從集中批量生產(chǎn)的工廠運(yùn)到工地。45. A paving mixer is a self propelled concrete mixer equipped with a boom and a bucket to pla

25、ce concrete at any desired point within a roadway.混凝土攪拌鋪路機(jī)是一個(gè)自牽引式攪拌機(jī)，并安裝了起重臂和鏟斗，可以把混凝土上在道路中任意(rny)預(yù)設(shè)點(diǎn)上。46. It can be used as a stationary mixer or used to supply slip form pavers that are capable of spreading, consolidating and finishing a concrete slab without the use of forms.它可以作為一個(gè)固定的攪拌機(jī)，也可以作為滑模

26、鋪路機(jī)，后者不使用模板就能夠進(jìn)行布料、振搗和抹平混凝土路面。16共十九頁(yè)Automation of Equipment 設(shè)備自動(dòng)化47. The introduction of new mechanized equipment in construction has had a profound effect on the cost and productivity of construction as well as the methods used for construction itself.施工(sh gng)中，新的機(jī)械化設(shè)備的引進(jìn)，已經(jīng)對(duì)施工(sh gng)成本和生產(chǎn)率及施工(sh gng)方法本身產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。48. An exciting example of inn