b3m5限制性定語從句

1、 定語從句 Attributive Clause定語從句一、基本概念：1.定語： 用來修飾名詞和代詞的叫作定語。一般定語是形容詞和介詞短語。Eg: a beautiful girl (形容詞作定語) a girl in white (介詞短語作后置定語)2.定語從句： 用作定語的從句叫做定語從句，用來修飾一個名詞或代詞。3.定語從句三要素： 先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句：一般緊跟在先行詞之后的從句。Eg1: The man who lives next to us is a teacher. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句，放于先行詞之后主句：Th

2、e man is a teacher.Eg2: The book that you want is on the desk. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞主句：The book is on the desk.關(guān)系詞的作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句；2、代替先行詞；3、在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分。重點提醒：歷年高考題對定語從句的考察主要是如何選擇關(guān)系詞?！叭阶摺痹瓌t： 1.認(rèn)識引導(dǎo)詞。這是做題的關(guān)鍵。 2.找準(zhǔn)先行詞。判斷它到底指代什么。 3.確定還缺什么。主要分析定語從句中所缺成分。二、關(guān)系詞的用法： 關(guān)系詞 1、關(guān)系代詞2、關(guān)系副詞:1）指人： that, who, whom, whose2）指物： that, wh

3、ich, whosewhen, where, why 引導(dǎo)定語從句是用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞，要看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。若充?dāng)狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞；若充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞。（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法：1、指人： who whom that whoseExamples: She is the girl _ sells flowers.Here is the man_ you are looking for.I have a friend _ father is a doctor.主語/（賓語） （賓語） 主語/ （賓語）定語（表所屬關(guān)系）who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose)(

4、 2、指物： that which whoseExamples: Football is a game _ is liked by most boys.This is the pen _ I bought yesterday.I like the book _ cover is red.= I like the book _ the cover is red.= I like the book, _ is red.主語/ （賓語） 主語/ （賓語 ） 定語（相當(dāng)于of which）which/that()which/thatwhoseof whichthe cover of which 注：關(guān)

5、系代詞只能用that的幾種情況1、先行詞既有人又有物；Eg: He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2、先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時；Eg: You are the first person that I want to see.3、先行詞被the only, the next, the last, the very, any, little, no等修飾時；Eg: This is the very pen that I am looking for.4、先行詞是all, none, something,

6、anything, nothing等不定代詞時；Eg: Is there anything that you want in the shop?5、主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Eg: Who is the girl that is singing in the room?以下情況用who 不用that 1.先行詞是one, ones, anyones時，宜用who.e.g. One who has nothing to fear for oneshelf dares to tell the truth.2.先行詞為those時，宜用who為關(guān)系代詞。e.g. Those wh

7、o want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.3.在there be 開頭的句子中，宜用whoe.g. There is an old man who wants to see you.關(guān)系代詞 asSuch books _ you bought are useless.asThis is the same dictionary _ I used yesterday.asthe same dictionary _ I used yesterday.that 這和我昨天用的是一樣的詞典。這就是我昨天用的那本詞典?？偨Y(jié)：such + 名詞 + as 像一樣

8、的，像之類 the same + 名詞 + as 和同樣的 as 在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語或賓語像你買的這樣的書是沒有用的。We have found such machines _ are used in their factory.as（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法： when, where, why1、when, 在從句中作時間狀語，先行詞是表時間的n.。Eg: Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army.2、where, 在從句中作地點狀語，先行詞是表地點的n.。Eg: Tianjin is the place _ I was born.3、why, 在從句中

9、作原因狀語，先行詞是reason.Eg: Do you know the reason _ he was late?=介詞+whichwhen/on whichwhere/in whichwhy/for which 先行詞是表時間、地點、原因的名詞，引 導(dǎo)定語從句是用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞， 要看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞荨Ｈ舫洚?dāng) 狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞；若充當(dāng)主語或賓語， 則用關(guān)系代詞。注意：區(qū)分下列句子：Eg: 1. I will never forget the days _ we worked together. 2. I will never forget the days _ we spe

10、nt together.when/in which（which/that）區(qū)分下列句子：Eg: 3. This is the factory _ my father worked last year. 4. This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.where/in which（which/that）區(qū)分下列句子：Eg: 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave to me.why/for which（which/that）區(qū)分下列句子：Eg: 7. The

11、reason _ I was late _ I met an old friend. 8. The reason _ I explained at the meeting is reasonable.（which/that）why/for whichis that （三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”用法： 1.介詞的位置： 觀察下列例句總結(jié)：Eg: Im talking to the man. The man is my teacher. （合二為一, the man作主語） The man who/whom/that I am talking to is my teacher. The man to

12、whom I am talking is my teacher.總結(jié)：一般介詞提前意思不改變的情況下，介詞可前可后。介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin總結(jié)：可見,介詞可前可后。 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a singer.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的

13、情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a s

14、cientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives

15、 is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?總結(jié)：可見,who、that 不能用與介詞之后 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .總結(jié)：在固定短語中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 練習(xí)1. Do you like the book _ she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book_ she paid $10?3. Do

16、you like the book_ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks?on whichfor whichfrom whichabout which5. He built a telescope _ he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.through

17、 whichunder whichof which8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.from whichto whomof which注意以下特殊情況： 當(dāng)先行詞是 way(表方式)時，

18、如果充當(dāng)主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用that或which; 如果充當(dāng)狀語，要用that=in which, 或可以省略。Eg: I dont like the way _ you speak. I dont like the way _ you used to talk . He offered some ways _ worked very well in practice.(that/ in which)(that/ which)that/ which先行詞是 time 的情況若 time 做“次數(shù)”講時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，that 可以省略；若 time 做“一段時間”講，應(yīng)

19、用關(guān)系副詞 when 或 介詞 at / during + which引導(dǎo)定語從句。1. Its the first time _ I have been to Beijing.2. There was a time _ I often went to the park.thatwhen主謂一致1. one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 關(guān)系代詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動詞The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.2. the only one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 關(guān)系代詞 + 單數(shù)動詞The

20、Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. Exercises:1、I dont like the way _ he talked to me. A. as B. that C. which D. by which2、She talked about the books and writers _ she remembered. A. that B. who C. which D. whom3、He still lives in the room _ window fa

21、ces to the east. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which 4、Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born? A. at where B. which C. in which D. at which 5、That is the office _ Lincoln once worked in. A. where B. which C. what D. in which6、Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for whatC. which D. that7、Thats all _ I want to tel