英語句子成分和簡單句五種基本句型PPT課件

1、第1頁/共49頁Members of the Sentence第2頁/共49頁contentCONTENTS定義定義：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。句子成分有：句子成分有：主語、謂語、賓語、表語主語、謂語、賓語、表語 、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語第3頁/共49頁一、主語（一、主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。主句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于語一般位于_ 。主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞或的形容詞或-ed-ed分詞、不定式、分詞、不定式、-ing-i

2、ng分詞和分詞和( (主語主語) )從句等。從句等。1名詞充當(dāng)主語。 Young people love pop music句首第4頁/共49頁2代詞充當(dāng)主語。如：代詞充當(dāng)主語。如： It rains quite often in spring 3 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如：數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名詞化的形容詞或名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當(dāng)主語。分詞充當(dāng)主語。 如：如： The disabled are well taken care of第5頁/共49頁5不定式充當(dāng)主語。如：不定式充當(dāng)主語。如： To study

3、 hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分詞充當(dāng)主語。如：分詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主語主語 (真正的真正的)主語主語第6頁/共49頁7從句充當(dāng)主語從句充當(dāng)主語(該從句稱作主語從句該從句稱作主語從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句) How the Cartoo

4、n became an instant hit is a long story 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句)第7頁/共49頁 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常由由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)連系動(dòng)詞詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞第8頁/共49頁情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一

5、起構(gòu)成謂語必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They can speak English well.They will go there tomorrow.第9頁/共49頁三、賓語三、賓語 賓語賓語(object)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。 賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、定式、-ing分詞、從句等。分詞、從句等。(能做主語的詞能做主語的詞) 1名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： Dry wood catches fire easily 2代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： W

6、e can invite them to our party 第10頁/共49頁 3副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： The athletes left there just now4不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如：不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 第11頁/共49頁6從句充當(dāng)賓語。如：從句充當(dāng)賓語。如： Do you know how serious

7、 the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 第12頁/共49頁雙賓語雙賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語: 直接賓語直接賓語(Direct Object)和和間接賓語間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語稱為雙賓語.這兩個(gè)賓語往往這兩個(gè)賓語往往一個(gè)指人一個(gè)指人(一般為間接賓語一般為間接賓語), 另另一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(一般為直接賓語一般為直接賓語). He gave me a book. 間接賓語間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語第13頁/共49頁 間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語，也可以

8、將也可以將直接賓語直接賓語放在放在間接賓語間接賓語之前之前，要借助于介要借助于介詞詞toto或或forfor。He passed me the dictionary? （ IOIO ）（ D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress. （ IOIO ）（ D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此類常見動(dòng)詞：此類常見動(dòng)詞：pass，show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等等此類常見動(dòng)詞：此類常見動(dòng)詞：buy,

9、cook, get, make, sing等等。第14頁/共49頁注意注意: 如果直接賓語是人稱代詞如果直接賓語是人稱代詞, 則間接賓語則間接賓語必須后置必須后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.第15頁/共49頁第16頁/共49頁系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞Add your title表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài)Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞變得變得一直保持一直保持看起來，似乎看起來，似乎seem， appear

10、第17頁/共49頁a.名詞名詞 His father is a teacher.b. 代詞代詞 This book is mine.c. 形容詞或分詞短語形容詞或分詞短語 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.第18頁/共49頁d. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 One plus one is two.e. 動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語 My job is looking after her. What we want to

11、do now is (to) lie down and rest.第19頁/共49頁f. 副詞或介詞短語副詞或介詞短語 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now.g. 從句從句 The question is why we should put off the meeting.第20頁/共49頁修飾主語、賓語和表語修飾主語、賓語和表語在翻譯時(shí)往往譯為 “的”后置定語后置定語前置定語前置定語第21頁/共49頁a.形容詞形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist.b. 名詞名詞 Lets listen to the we

12、ather forecast first.第22頁/共49頁c. 動(dòng)名詞 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式短語 She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with.第23頁/共49頁e. 介詞短語或副詞 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 從句 The man who is coming toward us is my

13、 English teacher.第24頁/共49頁第25頁/共49頁a.副詞副詞 Who can write beautifully?b. 介詞短語介詞短語 Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.c. 分詞短語分詞短語 Not knowing what to do I decided to give up.第26頁/共49頁d. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語 His mother often comes to see him.e. 名詞 Please come this way.f. 從句 As soon as the teacher came in

14、, all the students stood up.第27頁/共49頁復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)nadj adv.介詞短語分詞短語與動(dòng)詞不定式v常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞 ： think, consider, feel, find, want，have, see, hear, notice, make, get, leave, ask, keep.第28頁/共49頁I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe

15、him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.第29頁/共49頁八、八、 同位語同位語 在一個(gè)句子中在一個(gè)句子中, 一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)名詞或代詞代詞, 或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或從句從句, 放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞之后之后, 用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情況況, 被稱為同位語被稱為同位語(Appositive). 可作可作同位語的通常有同位語的通常有:第30頁/共49頁a.名詞名詞 This is my best friend, Tom.b. 代詞代詞 We all

16、got a surprise.c. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 This prize is for you two.d. 從句從句 I had no idea that you were here.第31頁/共49頁 就是一個(gè)最簡單的就是一個(gè)最簡單的句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基本結(jié)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)1.S+V 主語謂語主語謂語2.S+V+P 主語系動(dòng)詞表語主語系動(dòng)詞表語3.S+V+O 主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語4.S+V+o+O 主語謂語雙賓語主語謂語雙賓語5.S+V+O+C 主語謂語

17、賓語賓補(bǔ)主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)第32頁/共49頁content1. S+V+P 主系表英語五種基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.第33頁/共49頁content2. S+V 主謂（不及物動(dòng)詞）英語五種基本句型英語五種基本句型The sun was shinning.We all breathe, eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more

18、than 10 years.第34頁/共49頁content3. S+V+O 主謂（及物動(dòng)詞）賓英語五種基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.第35頁/共49頁content4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓英語五種基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me how to run the machine.第36頁/共49頁content5. S+V+O +C 主謂復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)英語五種基本句

19、型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon.第37頁/共49頁第38頁/共49頁 B 6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present. 小結(jié)：同一動(dòng)詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同小結(jié)：同一動(dòng)詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同。第39頁/共49頁 練習(xí)二:翻譯 1.太陽從東方升起來了。 2.她喜歡看書。 3.他的臉紅了。 4.我給他

20、看我的照片。 5.他們把門漆成綠色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.第40頁/共49頁溫馨提示： 復(fù)雜的英語句子都是基于五種簡單句，在前面或后面增加一些修飾語加以擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。我們只需要理清句子的主干就可以正確把握句子的意思。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。第41頁/共49頁 We found t

21、he hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。第42頁/共49頁We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報(bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報(bào)告。第43頁/共49頁簡簡單單句句的的基基本本句句型型1.1.主語主語+ +系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+ +表語表語2.2.主語主語+ +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 3.3.主語主語+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +賓語賓語4.4.主語主語+