選修六第三單元知識點(diǎn)

1、Language PointsLanguage PointsReadingReading1abuse n& vt.濫用；虐待濫用；虐待典例典例:1) The book is about the abuse of power.這本書講述的是權(quán)力的濫用問題。這本書講述的是權(quán)力的濫用問題。2)他從不濫用特權(quán)。他從不濫用特權(quán)。He never abuses his privilege.拓展拓展: drug abuse child abuse abuse of power abuse ones power 濫用毒品濫用毒品虐待兒童虐待兒童濫用權(quán)力濫用權(quán)力濫用某人的權(quán)力濫用某人的權(quán)力2.Why d

2、o you think some adolescents start smoking?adolescent / Teenagerbaby / infantchild (British) / kids (American) toddler youth嬰兒嬰兒年幼的孩子年幼的孩子13到到19歲的人歲的人會走路的小孩會走路的小孩男性青年男性青年My adolescent life 我的青少年時(shí)期我的青少年時(shí)期adolescence 青春期青春期The period of adolescence is very important in forming ones character. 青春期對人的性格

3、形成是非常重要的。青春期對人的性格形成是非常重要的。3Do you think smoking should be banned? 你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該禁止吸煙嗎？禁止吸煙嗎？ban(1)vt.禁止；取締禁止；取締政府已經(jīng)禁止化學(xué)武器的使用。政府已經(jīng)禁止化學(xué)武器的使用。(2)n.禁令；譴責(zé)禁令；譴責(zé)(常與常與 on/against 連用連用)The police lifted the ban against parking in thestreet.The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 警察取消了不準(zhǔn)在這條街停車的禁令。警

4、察取消了不準(zhǔn)在這條街停車的禁令。拓展拓展: ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 用合適的介詞填空用合適的介詞填空He was banned _ driving for three months after the accident.The government announced the ban _ drink-driving(醉駕醉駕)from on/against知識拓展知識拓展ban.from doing 禁止禁止做做lift/remove the ban on 解禁解禁place/put.under a ban 禁止禁止under a

5、 ban 被禁止；被逐出門被禁止；被逐出門4. I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.due to 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)? 由由引起引起; 由于由于 如如: 她的缺席是由暴風(fēng)雨引起的。她的缺席是由暴風(fēng)雨引起的。Her absence was due to the storm.知識拓展知識拓展: 表示因果關(guān)系的單詞和短語表示因果關(guān)系的單詞和短語because of 介詞短語介詞短語“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤? 較口語化較口語化owing to 介詞短語介詞短語“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤? 較正式較正式thanks to 介詞短語介詞

6、短語“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤? “多虧了多虧了”as a result of 介詞短語介詞短語“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤盿s a result 副詞短語副詞短語“因此因此”5. I became addicted to cigarettes.become/get/be addicted to sth./doing sth. 表示表示“對某事對某事/做某事上癮做某事上癮”, 該短語中的該短語中的to是介詞是介詞, 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。如：后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。如：孩子們對計(jì)算機(jī)游戲上了癮。孩子們對計(jì)算機(jī)游戲上了癮。The children are addicted to computer games.addict vt

7、. (1)使沉溺使沉溺; 嗜好嗜好 (2)使使成癮成癮, 熱衷于熱衷于addict oneself to 沉溺于沉溺于, 醉心于醉心于be addicted to sth./doing sth.嗜好嗜好, 熱衷熱衷He became addicted to the drug. 他染上了毒癮。他染上了毒癮。addict n. (1)上了癮的人上了癮的人 a work addict 工作狂工作狂film addict電影迷電影迷 (2) 吸毒者吸毒者addiction n. 沉湎、成癮沉湎、成癮addictive adj. 使人上癮的使人上癮的The parents felt helpless w

8、hen theyfound their son had _ love stories for long. addicted addicted toC. addicted himselfD. been addicted toD6. This means that after a while you becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 這就是說這就是說, 過了一段時(shí)間以后過了一段時(shí)間以后, 你的身體你的身體 習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于使習(xí)慣于be /get / become accustome

9、d to 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于; 適應(yīng)于適應(yīng)于 accustom +n./oneself +to 使自己習(xí)慣使自己習(xí)慣/適應(yīng)于適應(yīng)于其中其中to 為介詞為介詞The boy has _English in public.那孩子已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于在公眾面前說英語了。那孩子已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于在公眾面前說英語了。My eyes soon _. 我的眼睛很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。我的眼睛很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。They had to_. 他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于炎熱的天氣。他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于炎熱的天氣。accustom themselves to the hot weathergrew accustomed to the darknessb

10、ecome accustomed to speaking考例考例 Accustomed to _ the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top. (上海上海2005春春)A. climbing B. climb C. having climbed D. have climbed點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 to為介詞為介詞, 后跟動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式, 不能跟現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能跟現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式, 故選故選A。A7So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptom

11、s.所以當(dāng)你的體內(nèi)沒有這種麻醉劑時(shí)，你就會出現(xiàn)脫所以當(dāng)你的體內(nèi)沒有這種麻醉劑時(shí)，你就會出現(xiàn)脫癮癥狀。癮癥狀。withdrawal n收回；撤退；戒毒收回；撤退；戒毒(或脫癮或脫癮)過程過程I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking.我戒煙之后出現(xiàn)了脫癮癥狀。我戒煙之后出現(xiàn)了脫癮癥狀。The company made the withdrawal of the product from the market.公司從市場上收回了這種產(chǎn)品。公司從市場上收回了這種產(chǎn)品。His sudden withdrawal from the election

12、 surprised everyone.他突然退出選舉的行為使每個(gè)人都感到驚訝。他突然退出選舉的行為使每個(gè)人都感到驚訝。8I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit.我之所以上癮是有著這三方面的原因的，所以要我之所以上癮是有著這三方面的原因的，所以要戒煙很難。戒煙很難。quit vt.停止停止(做某事做某事)；離開；離開 vi.停止；離開；辭職停止；離開；辭職典例典例: 他已經(jīng)戒煙了。他已經(jīng)戒煙了。 He has quit smoking. 這筆錢是用來幫助吸煙者戒煙的。這筆錢是用來幫助吸煙者戒煙的。 T

13、he money is used to help smokers quit.拓展拓展 quit school 退學(xué)退學(xué) quit office 離職離職 quit doing sth.(stop doing sth.) 停止做某事停止做某事 be quit of sb./sth.擺脫某人或某物擺脫某人或某物運(yùn)用運(yùn)用: 完成句子完成句子I gave him money in order to _( 擺脫擺脫他他)I wish youd better _(停止說話停止說話)Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically

14、when people _ smoking. A. quit B. decline C. depart D. reserve解析解析: 根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意“醫(yī)生們正在研究以便發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們醫(yī)生們正在研究以便發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們戒煙時(shí)戒煙時(shí), 他們身體上將會發(fā)生什么情況他們身體上將會發(fā)生什么情況”選選A。decline下降下降; depart 起程起程; reserve預(yù)訂。預(yù)訂。be quit of him quit talking A10When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking.在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的

15、危害性我知道在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害性我知道的并不多。的并不多。effect n結(jié)果；效力結(jié)果；效力典例典例: 這種藥的藥力可持續(xù)十二個(gè)小時(shí)。這種藥的藥力可持續(xù)十二個(gè)小時(shí)。The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.拓展拓展: in effect 事實(shí)上事實(shí)上 take effect 生效，奏效生效，奏效 come/go into effect 開始實(shí)施開始實(shí)施 bring/put/o effect 使實(shí)施，使生效使實(shí)施，使生效 have a good/bad effect on sth. 對某物有好的對某物有好的

16、(或壞的或壞的)影響影響運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 完成句子完成句子The drug _ (立馬見效立馬見效) the pain.The new tax regulations _ ( 開開 始始 實(shí)實(shí) 施施 )last month.He told us he didnt like watching football match;_ (事實(shí)上事實(shí)上), he is a football fan.has an immediate effect on came/went into effect In effect/fact 11. I didnt know, for example, that it could d

17、o terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 當(dāng)初我不知道抽煙能嚴(yán)重侵害人的心臟和當(dāng)初我不知道抽煙能嚴(yán)重侵害人的心臟和肺部肺部, 也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會下降。也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會下降。解析解析: 該句是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)賓語從句的主從該句是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句。主句為主句為I didnt know。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為it could do terrible damage

18、to your heart and lungs和和it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant, “or”連接這兩個(gè)連接這兩個(gè)賓語從句賓語從句, 意為意為“也不也不(知道知道)”。I dont know .or. 這個(gè)句型譯為這個(gè)句型譯為“我不知道我不知道, 也不知也不知道道”。如。如: I dont know where to go or what to do.我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。12strengthen vt加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng) vi.變變強(qiáng)強(qiáng)這些訓(xùn)練目的在于

19、增強(qiáng)你的腹部肌肉。這些訓(xùn)練目的在于增強(qiáng)你的腹部肌肉。The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.知識拓展知識拓展動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞strengthen是名詞是名詞strength加后綴加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，常見的由名詞或形容詞加后綴來的，常見的由名詞或形容詞加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動(dòng)詞還有：來的動(dòng)詞還有：brighten(使使)明亮；明亮；fatten(使使)發(fā)胖；發(fā)胖；harden(使使)變硬；變硬；soften(使使)變軟；變軟；sharpen(使使)變尖銳；變尖銳；sweeten(使使)變甜；變甜；wide

20、n(使使)變寬變寬比較比較:strength, energy, force, power這些名詞均有這些名詞均有“力力”之意。之意。(1)strength指機(jī)體內(nèi)部的能力，是依靠身體組指機(jī)體內(nèi)部的能力，是依靠身體組織而存在的力，經(jīng)使用就變?yōu)榭椂嬖诘牧?，?jīng)使用就變?yōu)閒orce。 它尤其指它尤其指承受重物的力量。承受重物的力量。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她個(gè)子雖小但力大驚人。她個(gè)子雖小但力大驚人。(2)energy用于人時(shí)，指工作時(shí)煥發(fā)出的精力或用于人時(shí)，指工作時(shí)煥發(fā)出的精力或干勁。干勁。His work seemed to la

21、ck energy.他工作似乎缺乏干勁。他工作似乎缺乏干勁。(3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用的力。尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用的力。He did it with a great force.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。他用了很大的力才把它做完了。(4)power可以用來指人體某部位的力量，但一般可以用來指人體某部位的力量，但一般不用來指搬動(dòng)或握、托、支撐重物的力量。從物不用來指搬動(dòng)或握、托、支撐重物的力量。從物理學(xué)意義上講，理學(xué)意義上講，power更多指機(jī)械、爆炸或大自更多指機(jī)械、爆炸或大自然的力量。然的力量。There was a lot of power behind that

22、 blow.那一擊的力量很大。那一擊的力量很大。13Decide on a day to quit.確定一個(gè)開始戒煙的日子。確定一個(gè)開始戒煙的日子。decide on/upon 對對作出決定作出決定典例典例: 不要過于匆忙地對重要的事情作出決定。不要過于匆忙地對重要的事情作出決定。Dont decide on/upon important matters too quickly.拓展拓展: decide to do sth.決定做某事決定做某事 decide against sth./doing sth.決定不做某事決定不做某事 decide that-clause 決定決定運(yùn)用運(yùn)用: 完成句

23、子完成句子She has _ ( 對對 作作 出出 決決 定定 ) art as a career.I _ (決定去旅行決定去旅行) to another city.decided on/upon decide to travel 14Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，就提醒你自己：你已經(jīng)是每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，就提醒你自己：你已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不吸煙的人了。一個(gè)不吸煙的人了。feel like (doing) 想要想要(做做)典例典例:

24、我今天想做點(diǎn)別的事情。我今天想做點(diǎn)別的事情。你想來杯咖啡嗎？你想來杯咖啡嗎？拓展拓展: would like to do sth.想要做某事想要做某事 prefer to do sth.更喜歡做某事更喜歡做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事喜歡做某事 like to do/doing sth.喜歡做某事喜歡做某事I feel like doing something different today.Do you feel like a cup of coffee?15desperate adj絕望的；拼命的絕望的；拼命的; 渴望的渴望的He was desperate when

25、he lost all his money.當(dāng)他丟了所有錢時(shí)，他絕望了。當(dāng)他丟了所有錢時(shí)，他絕望了。I was absolutely desperate to learn painting.我非?？释麑W(xué)畫畫。我非?？释麑W(xué)畫畫。He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm.他深深地吸了一口氣，極力保持鎮(zhèn)靜。他深深地吸了一口氣，極力保持鎮(zhèn)靜。知識拓展：知識拓展：be desperate for. 對對極度渴望的極度渴望的be desperate to do 非常愿意干非常愿意干desperately adv拼命地拼命地desperat

26、ion n絕望；拼命絕望；拼命16Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.如果你要經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。如果你要經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的失望的；沮喪的典例：典例： 我不是泄氣，而是失望。我不是泄氣，而是失望。 I was more disappointed than discouraged.拓展：拓展：be disappointed to do sth.對做某事感到失望對

27、做某事感到失望 be disappointed at/about/with sth.對某事感到失望對某事感到失望 be disappointed that-clause 對對失望失望運(yùn)用：運(yùn)用： 完成句子完成句子Tom wasnt _ ( 對聽到對聽到 感到感到失望失望 )the news.When I _ ( 感感 到到 沮沮 喪喪 ), I often listen to music.disappointed to hear feel disappointed17If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.如果你意志薄弱而

28、又吸煙了，也不要覺得難為情。如果你意志薄弱而又吸煙了，也不要覺得難為情。ashamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的感到慚愧或羞恥的典例典例: 你應(yīng)該為自己感到羞恥！你應(yīng)該為自己感到羞恥！ You should be ashamed of yourself! 拓展拓展: be ashamed of (doing) sth.對某事感到羞愧對某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth.為做某事而感到羞愧為做某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed that-clause 對對感到羞恥感到羞恥運(yùn)用運(yùn)用: 完成句子完成句子She was _ (羞愧于告訴羞愧于告訴) her mother that

29、 she had failed the exam.I was _ (對對感到羞愧感到羞愧) my behavior at that time.ashamed to tell ashamed ofLanguage PointsLanguage Pointslearning about learning about languagelanguage1In spite of all his efforts he failed.盡管很努力，他還是失敗了。盡管很努力，他還是失敗了。歸納拓展歸納拓展in spite of 盡管，雖然盡管，雖然in spite ofdespite，后面跟名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，

30、后面跟名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能跟從句。，不能跟從句。althoughthough，盡管，雖然。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，盡管，雖然。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。從句。as有時(shí)也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要用部分倒裝語有時(shí)也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要用部分倒裝語序，即：表語序，即：表語/狀語狀語/謂語謂語as主語謂語主語謂語1、盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。(in spite of)Try to sleep in spite of the noise.2、盡管她窮，但她決不向別人低頭。盡管她窮，但她決不向別人低頭。(although)Though/Although she is poor，she neve

31、r gives in to others.3、盡管這事似乎很奇怪，可是是真的。盡管這事似乎很奇怪，可是是真的。(as)Strange as it may seem，it is true.4、The weather is too bad. _the bad weather，I still try my best to meet my friend as planned. A.In spite of B.As well C.However D.AlthoughA2He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking r

32、isks.他覺得每一步都要下定決心，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。他覺得每一步都要下定決心，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。歸納拓展歸納拓展risk n危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)at ones own risk 自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) at risk 在危險(xiǎn)中在危險(xiǎn)中at the risk of 冒冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) take a risk(risks) 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)take the risk of doing sth 冒冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)risk v. 冒冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)risk doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事冒險(xiǎn)做某事1、你可以使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。你可以使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。You can use it，but its at your own risk

33、.2、她沒有去，因?yàn)樗幌朊霸僮惨娔釥柕娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。她沒有去，因?yàn)樗幌朊霸僮惨娔釥柕娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。She didnt go，because she didnt want to run/take the risk of seeing Neil again.3、她冒生命危險(xiǎn)去搶救那個(gè)溺水的兒童。她冒生命危險(xiǎn)去搶救那個(gè)溺水的兒童。She risked her life trying to save the drowning child.4、He left without an umbrella_in a rain.Arisked getting caughtBrisking getting caughtCto

34、risk to get caughtDrisking to get caught5、If you dare to take_risk of not wearing a seat belt，you are at_risk.Athe；/ B/；/ C/；the Dthe；theBA3Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place.當(dāng)然，對付這些藥品的最好方法是從最初就別開當(dāng)然，對付這些藥品的最好方法是從最初就別開始。始。歸納拓展歸納拓展get into進(jìn)入

35、，陷于，染上進(jìn)入，陷于，染上(習(xí)慣習(xí)慣)常用短語：常用短語：get into trouble/difficulties 惹上麻煩惹上麻煩get into debt 負(fù)債累累負(fù)債累累get into a temper 大發(fā)脾氣大發(fā)脾氣get into deep water 陷于困境陷于困境get into the habit/way of 養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣于養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣于4illegal adj.不合法的，違法的不合法的，違法的 他承認(rèn)他是非法移民。他承認(rèn)他是非法移民。He admitted that he was an illegal immigrant. 未經(jīng)允許看別人的私人信件是不合法的。

36、未經(jīng)允許看別人的私人信件是不合法的。Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission. 拓展：拓展：It is illegal(for sb) to do sth (某人某人)做做是違法的是違法的 legal adj. 合法的；法律的合法的；法律的 為什么我就不該放假？那是完全合法的。為什么我就不該放假？那是完全合法的。Why shouldnt I take a holiday? Its perfectly legal. Language PointsLanguage PointsUsing languageUsing

37、 language1.survival n. 幸存；幸存者醫(yī)生說他有50%的生存機(jī)會。His doctor said he had a 5050 chance of survival.知識拓展(1)fight/struggle for survivalsurvival of the fittest(2)survive vt. & vi. survive on sth.(3)survivor n. 為生存而斗爭適者生存生還；殘存；比活得長僅靠維持生計(jì)生存者；殘存者；幸存者2judgement n. 看法；判決；判斷看法；判決；判斷短語：在短語：在看來看來 對對做出判斷做出判斷按我的看法，

38、我們應(yīng)該做這件事。按我的看法，我們應(yīng)該做這件事。In my judgement, we should do it.他拒絕對形勢作出評價(jià)。他拒絕對形勢作出評價(jià)。He refused to make a judgement about thesituation.in ones judgement make a judgement about(2)judge n. 法官，裁判法官，裁判 v. 斷定，判斷，審判斷定，判斷，審判judge.by 根據(jù)根據(jù)判斷判斷judging from/by 根據(jù)根據(jù)判斷判斷不要以貌取人。不要以貌取人。Dont judge a man by his looks.從外表來

39、看，他一定是一位專家。從外表來看，他一定是一位專家。Judging by his appearance, he must be an expert.3embarrassed adj. 尷尬的，窘迫的；陷入困境的尷尬的，窘迫的；陷入困境的她因自己的身高而困窘。她因自己的身高而困窘。Shes embarrassed about her height.拓展：拓展：embarrass vt. 使尷尬；使窘迫；使不安使尷尬；使窘迫；使不安 embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬的；令人難堪的令人尷尬的；令人難堪的 embarrassment n. 尷尬；難堪；窘迫尷尬；難堪；窘迫在眾人面前演說時(shí)，

40、我總覺得很窘迫。在眾人面前演說時(shí)，我總覺得很窘迫。Making speeches in public always embarrasses me.活學(xué)活用活學(xué)活用用用embarrassed的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)It was so _ having to sing in public.(2)Much to her _ she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.(3)He looked _when I asked him where hed been.答案：答案： (2)embarrassment (1)

41、embarrassing(3)embarrassed4awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的局促不安的；笨拙的在正式的舞會上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。在正式的舞會上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.孩子們喜歡嘲笑笨拙的同齡人。孩子們喜歡嘲笑笨拙的同齡人。The children liked to laugh at their awkward peers.拓展：拓展：awkwardly adv. 局促不安地；笨拙地局促不安地；笨拙地1、make sure確定；確信；查明；弄清楚確定；確信；查明；弄清楚你最好確保將這封信在今天晚上寄出去。你最好確保將這封信在今天晚上寄出去。Youd better make sure that the letter leaves tonight.你必須把時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)弄清楚。你必須把時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)弄清楚。You must make sure of the time and