選擇題重點(diǎn),英美文學(xué)選讀

1、英國文學(xué)Chapter1 The Renaissance period(14世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉文藝復(fù)興 1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主義是文藝復(fù)興的核心。2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主義作為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心,人是萬物之靈。3.Renaissance humanists found in then classi

2、cs a justification to exalt hu man nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures ca pable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that th e world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, a nd enjoy.人文主義者們卻從古代文化遺產(chǎn)中找到充足的論據(jù),來贊美人性,并開始注意到

3、人類是崇高的生命,人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己,而且世界是屬于他們的,供他們懷疑,探索以及享受。5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.懷亞特將彼特拉克的十四行詩引進(jìn)英國。6.The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and ass imilation.英國文藝復(fù)興初期只是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)模仿與同化的階段。7.The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, for

4、ce of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in whi ch meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined t o frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主義詩歌的主要目標(biāo)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用,語言的力度與氣概,而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式,即將格律,韻腳(式,組織結(jié)構(gòu),意象(比喻,描述與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題,并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的

5、表現(xiàn)出來。(IEdmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯賓塞 10. the theme of Redcrosse is not“Arms and the man,”but something more romantic-“Fierce wars and faithful loves.”仙后的主題并非“男人與武器”,而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘酷戰(zhàn)爭與忠貞愛情”。11. It is Spensers idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody t hat make him known as“the poets poet.”正是斯賓塞的理想

6、主義,對(duì)美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩文韻律是他成為“詩人中的詩人”。(IIChristopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫.馬洛12. As the most gifted of the“University Wits,”Marlowe composed six pla ys within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II, Dr.Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II.馬洛是當(dāng)時(shí)“大學(xué)才子”中最富才華的人,在他短暫的一生中,他完成

7、了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。其中最負(fù)盛名的是:帖木爾,浮士德博士的悲劇,馬耳他島的猶太人以及愛德華二世。13.Marlowes greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama.馬洛的藝術(shù)成就在于他完善了無韻體詩,并使之成為英國戲劇中最重要的文體形式。14. Marlowes second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance her o for English drama.

8、馬洛的第二項(xiàng)貢獻(xiàn)是他創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英雄形象。15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English drama.他對(duì)戲劇發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的,為此,它被后世尊為英國戲劇的先驅(qū)。 16. The passionate shepherd to his love 激情的牧人致心愛的姑娘This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in En glish literature

9、.這首短詩是英國文學(xué)詩中最優(yōu)美的抒情詩。 (IIIWilliam Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亞17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: He nry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four co medies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Tami ng of the Shrew, and Loves

10、Labours Lost.在他戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯的第一個(gè)階段,他創(chuàng)作了五部歷史劇:亨利六世,理查三世,泰托斯.安東尼以及四部喜劇:錯(cuò)誤的戲劇,維洛那二紳士,馴悍記和愛的徒勞。18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, H enry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Lik e I

11、t, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二階段,他寫了五部歷史劇:理查三世,約翰王,亨利四世,亨利五世以及六部喜劇仲夏夜之夢(mèng),威尼斯商人,無事生非,皆大歡喜,第十二夜,溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們,還有兩部悲劇:羅密歐與朱麗葉和裘利斯.凱撒。19. Shakespeares third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The

12、tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, Ki ng Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Corio lanus. The two comedies are Alls Well That Ends and Measure for Meas ure.第三階段誕生了莎翁最偉大的悲劇和他自稱的黑色喜劇(或悲喜劇,悲劇有:哈姆雷特,奧賽羅,李爾王麥克白安東尼與克利奧佩特拉特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)及克里奧拉那斯。兩部喜劇是終成眷屬和一報(bào)還一報(bào)。 20. The last

13、 period of Shakespeares work includes his principle ro mantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winters Tale and The Te mpest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一個(gè)時(shí)期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜劇:伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事與暴風(fēng)雨。他最后兩部劇是亨利八世與魯克里斯受辱記。21. Shakespeares sonnets are the only direct expression

14、of the poets own feelings.這些十四行詩都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。22. Shakespeares history plays are mainly written under the principle tha t national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的歷史劇都有這樣一個(gè)主題:在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下的國家,統(tǒng)一是非常必要的。23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude to w

15、ard love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在他的浪漫喜劇中,莎士比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對(duì)待愛情與青春,并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.莎翁在其成功的浪漫主義悲劇羅密歐與朱麗葉,頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛的忠貞及對(duì)幸福的追求。25.Shakespeares

16、greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays som e noble hero.莎士比亞的四大悲劇是:哈姆雷特奧賽羅李爾王麥克白 26. “The Kings government must be carried on”but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變”-但

17、是這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國家利益的,而不是只為國王自己服務(wù)。27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the onl y thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comf ort in his dream.正因如此,他才無力尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會(huì)痼疾的靈丹妙藥,最后,他作為人文主義所能做的唯一事情便是逃避現(xiàn)實(shí),從夢(mèng)幻中找安慰。28. He holds that literature should b

18、e a combination of beauty, kindness a nd truth, and should reflect nature and reality.他認(rèn)為文學(xué)應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合,應(yīng)該反映天性與現(xiàn)實(shí)。29. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time.古往今來,沒有一個(gè)作家能與莎士比亞媲美,他對(duì)后世文學(xué)家的潛移默化也是無可估量的。30. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him eith er

19、 in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language.在他之后幾乎所有的英國文學(xué)家都在藝術(shù)觀點(diǎn),文學(xué)形式及語言技巧方面受到他的影響。31. Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare.十四行詩第十八首詩莎翁最出色的十四行詩。(IVFrancis Bacon弗蘭西斯.培根32. The most import works of his first group include The Advancement ofLearning, Wri

20、tten in English; Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin versio n of The Advancement of Learning.培根的作品可分為三類:第一類中最重要的作品有學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展(用英文著述新工具(是學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展的拉丁文增補(bǔ)版33. One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other i s the knowledge from the workings of human mind.他將知識(shí)分為兩種:一種是通過神的啟示獲得的知識(shí),另一種是通過人類用腦思考而

21、獲得的知識(shí)。34. According to Bacon, mans understanding consists of three parts: hist ory to mans memory, poetry to mans imagination and creation, and phil osophy to mans reason.培根認(rèn)為,人類的認(rèn)識(shí)與學(xué)問分為三部分:基于人類回憶的歷史學(xué),基于人類想象力創(chuàng)造力的詩歌與基于人類理性的哲學(xué)。35. Bacon, as a humanist intellect, shows the new empirical attitudes tow a

22、rd truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticist.作為人文主義者的培根展示了自己對(duì)于自然界真理的實(shí)驗(yàn)主義態(tài)度,并向中世紀(jì)的經(jīng)院哲學(xué)家們提出挑戰(zhàn)。36. Bacons essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfu lness.培根的散文以簡潔,緊湊,有力度而著名。37. The essays are well-arranged and enriched by biblical allusions, meta phors and

23、cadence.這些散文不僅結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙還大量使用了圣經(jīng)的典故,隱喻和基調(diào)。 38. Of Studies論學(xué)習(xí)Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.讀書使人充實(shí),討論使人機(jī)智。(VJohn Donne約翰.鄧恩39. The imagery is drawn from the actual life.詩中的意象都是從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中提取的。40. His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibitinga se

24、emingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free r ange of feelings and moods.他的詩歌給人一種固有的戲劇性,展示了看上去零散多樣的經(jīng)歷與觀念,以及漫無邊際的情感與心境。41. The Sons and Sonnets, by which Donne is probably best known, cont ains most of his early lyrics.歌與短歌是鄧恩最有名的詩集,囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛情詩作。42. In his gloomy poem“Farewe

25、ll to love,”we can see his disillusionment.在憂傷的詩作告別愛情中,我們就可以感受到他對(duì)愛情幻想的破滅。43. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous througho ut the poem.議論依附于一種簡潔平白的語言,并貫穿于整首詩作。 (VIJohn Milton約翰.彌爾頓44. he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human free dom.他頭腦中充滿了為人類自由而戰(zhàn)的思想。4

26、5. Miltons literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the e arly poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.彌爾頓的文學(xué)作品可分為三類:早期詩作,中期的散文小冊(cè)子和后期的偉大詩作。46. Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.他的三部偉大詩作:失樂園復(fù)樂園和力士參孫。4

27、7. The theme of Paradise Lost is the“Fall of Man”. In the fall of man Ad am discovered his full humanity.失樂園的主題是人類的沉淪。在沉淪之中,亞當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。48. Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including evil.他認(rèn)為上帝是按照他自己的樣子造出的世界,其中也包括罪惡。49. It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ w

28、hich showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.為基督自愿獻(xiàn)身開辟了道路,這也顯示出上帝欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來的同情心。50. In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Miltons pass ionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy a t the cost of his own life.在力士參孫中,整首詩都強(qiáng)烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一樣

29、,以生命為代價(jià),與敵人同歸于盡。 51. In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master p oet and a great prose writer.彌爾頓畢生都展現(xiàn)了真正的革命精神和非凡的詩歌才華。52. Paradise Lost:人類由于理性不強(qiáng),意志薄弱,經(jīng)不起考驗(yàn),暗示英國自產(chǎn)主義革命失敗的原因。Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798新古典主義1.In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergenc

30、e of values.總之,這一時(shí)期是矛盾與價(jià)值觀分歧的時(shí)期。2.The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlighten ment or the Age of Reason.英國的十八世紀(jì)也同時(shí)是啟蒙主義時(shí)代,或曰理性時(shí)代。3.Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern p hilosophical and artistic ideas.運(yùn)動(dòng)的主旨便是用當(dāng)代哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)思想的晨光啟迪整個(gè)世界。4.Enlightener

31、s held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.啟蒙者主張理性是任何人思想與行動(dòng)的唯一緣由。他們大力提倡秩序,理性及法律。5.As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizin g, became a very popula

32、r means of public education.其實(shí),當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)作品種充滿了說教與道德理念,就已經(jīng)成為大眾教育的良好工具。7.In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a r evival of interest in the old classical works.在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域,啟蒙主義運(yùn)動(dòng)還使人們重新對(duì)古典時(shí)代的著作產(chǎn)生興趣。 8.They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrai ned emoti

33、on and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他們認(rèn)為理想的藝術(shù)應(yīng)基于秩序,邏輯,確切及情感控制的基礎(chǔ)上,而文學(xué)作品的價(jià)值評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該看它是否為人文主義服務(wù)。9.Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一種溫文爾雅,充滿靈性的知識(shí)分子文學(xué)藝術(shù)發(fā)展起來。10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost ever

34、y genre of literature.在幾乎所有的文學(xué)形式中,新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rh ymed in two lines; the three unities of time, space and action should be st rictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than

35、 individuals should be represented.戲劇必須用英雄體偶劇(抑揚(yáng)五音步的押韻雙行詩寫就;時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),事件三要素必須要遵循;寫作的規(guī)矩必須要遵守,而作品中的人物要代表一類人,而不是個(gè)性化。12. But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English literature. (套話但新古典主義對(duì)英國文學(xué)史產(chǎn)生過持久的全面的影響。13. The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form, unified struc

36、ture, clarity and conciseness of language developed in t his period have become a permanent heritage.在這一時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的詩歌技巧與古典氣質(zhì),如秩序,優(yōu)美的格式,統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu),簡明的語言都成為永恒的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。17. Gothic novels-mostly stories of mystery and horror.哥特式小說-主要講述恐怖神秘的故事。19. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and f

37、irmly believed insalvation through spiritual struggle.作為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的清教徒,他認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)圣經(jīng),并深信人一定能通過精神上的奮斗得到拯救。20. he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pl easure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters.他的語言具體生動(dòng),情節(jié)鮮明真實(shí),連沒受過教育的人也能享受到閱讀他的作品的樂趣。21. Bunyans oth

38、er works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinne rs, The Life and Death of Mr.Badman, The Holy War and The Pilgrims P rogress, Part II.班揚(yáng)其他的作品還有罪人頭目的赦免,拜得門先生生死錄,圣戰(zhàn)以及天路歷程第二部 22. The Vanity Fair.名利場(節(jié)選天路歷程第一部The Pilgrims Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the En glish language

39、. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrin es and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.天路歷程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。它的主旨是讓人們遵循基督教教義,并通過不斷戰(zhàn)勝自身弱點(diǎn)與身外的邪惡來獲得拯救。(IIAlexander Pope亞歷山大.蒲伯23. Pope, a very sensitive man, would strike back h

40、ard, and in the constan t verbal battles he developed a style of biting satire.蒲伯本身是個(gè)很敏感的人,自然要用筆墨來反擊,在此期間,他發(fā)展了犀利的諷刺文體。24. For him the supreme value was order-cosmic order, political order, s ocial order, aesthetic order, and this emphasis on order found expression i n all of his works.對(duì)他來說秩序有著至高無上的價(jià)

41、值-宇宙秩序,政治秩序,社會(huì)秩序,美學(xué)秩序。這種對(duì)秩序與理性的強(qiáng)調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。25. Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. The next year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock epic.1711年,他出版了散文論批評(píng),從此奠定了他在詩壇的地位。次年,他又出版了奪發(fā)記,一部極妙的諷刺史詩。 26. Pope was the greatest poet of his tim

42、e. He strongly advocated ne oclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classica l rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.蒲伯是當(dāng)時(shí)最偉大的詩人,他大力提倡新古典主義,強(qiáng)調(diào)文學(xué)作品的優(yōu)劣應(yīng)由古典的秩序尺度,理性,邏輯,情感的克制,高雅的品位以及是否體面,正派來衡量。 27. He worked painstakingly on his poems, develop

43、ed a satiric, con cise, smooth, graceful and well-balanced style.他致力于詩歌創(chuàng)作,發(fā)展了諷刺,簡練,通順,優(yōu)雅,平衡的風(fēng)格。 (IIIDaniel Defoe丹尼爾.笛福28. His quick mind, abundant energy and never-failing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a fall.他過人的才智,充沛的精力,旺盛而持久的熱情總是使他在失敗后能重新站起。29. Robinson Crusoe, an adventure

44、 story very much in the spirit of the ti me, is universally considered his masterpiece.魯賓遜漂流記是一部體現(xiàn)時(shí)代精神的游記歷險(xiǎn)小說,是笛福的代表作。30. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, study mi ddle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate po or.在他大部分作品中,他都表達(dá)了對(duì)勤勞,堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的贊譽(yù),以及對(duì)破

45、落不幸的窮苦人的同情。 31. Defoe was a very good story-teller.笛福很會(huì)講故事。32. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narrati on.他的語句時(shí)而短小干脆,樸素直白,時(shí)而又氣勢磅礴,潑墨如水,為讀者留下了敘述自由悠閑的印象。33. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial a

46、nd mostly vernacular.他的措辭簡樸易懂又口語化,有時(shí)甚至是俗語方言。34. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at itsbeat.他的語言毫無造作,完全是大眾英語。35. Robinson Crusoe: The novel consists actually of three parts.魯賓遜漂流記:整部小說分為三個(gè)部分The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-hande dly

47、 against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel. Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man., the pioneer colonist.其中對(duì)魯賓遜徒手與惡劣的大自然作斗爭的描述是小說最精彩的部分。在此,魯賓遜是真正的英雄:一個(gè)典型的英國十八世紀(jì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)人士。(IVJonathan Swift喬納森.斯威夫特36. In 1704 he published two powerful satire

48、s on corruption in religion and learning, A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which establishe d his name as a satirist.1704年,他針對(duì)宗教和學(xué)術(shù)界的腐敗出版了兩篇犀利的諷刺小品,一為桶的故事,一為書籍的戰(zhàn)斗。這兩篇作品奠定了他在諷刺作品中的地位。37. Even today Swift is still respected as a national hero in Ireland.直至今日,斯威夫特還被尊為愛爾蘭的民族英雄。38. In his opi

49、nion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is needed.他認(rèn)為人性永遠(yuǎn)有著嚴(yán)重的瑕疵,為了使人的生活更美好,人們需要啟蒙。39. In his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions.在他的作品中,他提倡的不是譴責(zé),而是采取行為改良人性與人為的機(jī)構(gòu)。40. His“A Mode

50、st Proposal”is generally taken as a perfect model.他的一個(gè)溫和的建議被認(rèn)為是一篇完善的典范。41. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose.斯威夫特是一名優(yōu)秀的散文作家。 42. He defined a good style as“proper words in proper places.”Clear , simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy an d conciseness

51、of language mark all his writings-essays, poems and nove ls.他創(chuàng)立了一種良好的文風(fēng),即“在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤接们‘?dāng)?shù)脑~”。無論是散文,詩歌,還是小說,簡潔,具體,精確,沒有復(fù)雜的句式永遠(yuǎn)是他的寫作風(fēng)格。43. Swifts chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapiers Letters(note:Drapier=Swift, alias, Gullivers Travels and A Modest Proposal.斯威夫特的作品主要有桶的

52、故事,書籍的戰(zhàn)斗,德拉皮爾的信,格列佛游記和一個(gè)溫和的建議。 44. Gullivers Travels: Jonathans best fictional work, the book con tains four parts. Its social significance is great and its exploration into hu man nature profound.格列佛游記:是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說,全書分為四卷,它具有重大的社會(huì)意義,同時(shí)對(duì)人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。(VHenry Fielding亨利.費(fèi)爾丁45. During his career as a

53、 dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of play.在他戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯里,費(fèi)爾丁曾嘗試過許多不同的戲劇模式46. Of all his plays, the best known are The Coffee-House Politician, The Tragedy of Tragedies, Pasquin, and The Historical Register for the Year 1 736.他的作品中最有名的要數(shù)咖啡屋的政治家,悲劇中的悲劇,巴斯昆,1736歷史年鑒。47. a“com

54、ic epic in prose,”whose subject is“the true ridiculous”in human nature.“散文體喜劇史詩”,主題是人類本性中的荒唐,對(duì)人性進(jìn)行了真實(shí)的諷刺。48. The dominating qualities of the novel are its excellent character-portra yal, timely entrances and exits, robustness of tone and hilarious, hearty hu mor.小說的突出特點(diǎn)是出色的人物刻畫,及時(shí)的出場退場,筆調(diào)的遒勁及令人會(huì)心的幽默

55、。49. “The Great Man, properly considered, is no better than a great gangst er”-The History of Jonathan Wild the Great從某種意義上說,偉大的人物無異于“偉大”的匪徒-偉大的喬納森懷爾德。50. The History of Tom Jones is a masterpiece on the subject of human na ture.費(fèi)爾丁的代表作湯姆.瓊斯:一個(gè)棄兒的故事主題是對(duì)人性的諷刺。51. the purpose of the novel was not just

56、 to amuse, but to instruct, the obj ect of novel was to present a faithful picture of life, “the just copies of hu man manners,” with sound teaching woven into their texture, so as to teach men to know themselves, their proper-spheres and appropriate manners. ,小說不僅供娛樂,而且更有教育意義,他的小說的主旨是要真實(shí)地展示生活,使之成為“

57、人類態(tài)度的完整拷貝”,并將說教巧妙的引入作品,教導(dǎo)人們認(rèn)識(shí)自己,尋求適宜的人生態(tài)度。52. Fielding has been regarded by some as“Father of the English novel,”f or his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.費(fèi)爾丁被一些人尊為“英國小說之父”,因?yàn)樗麨楝F(xiàn)代小說模式的創(chuàng)立作出很大貢獻(xiàn)。53. he was the first to set out , both in theory and practice, to write sp

58、ecifi cally a“comic epic in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structur e and style.他第一個(gè)在理論與實(shí)踐上創(chuàng)造了“散文體喜劇史詩”,并第一個(gè)為現(xiàn)代小說確立了結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)格。54. He“thinks the thought”of all his characters, so he is able to present no t only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their mind s.作者以角色的口吻去“想”,因此不僅可以表述人物的外在行為,還可深入刻畫其內(nèi)心的思想活動(dòng)。55. Fieldings language is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vi vid and vigo