初中時(shí)間狀語從句語法及練習(xí)教案資

1、英語時(shí)間狀語從句講解與練習(xí)（一） when, while 和 as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法1、 when 的用法如果只從現(xiàn)象來看， when 從句用的最多的是大凡過去時(shí)，而主句的時(shí)態(tài)沒有限制,根據(jù)具體情況而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小時(shí)候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a boo她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí)， 我正在看書。根據(jù)以上的例句，我們可以總結(jié)出一點(diǎn)： when 從句的 A 事件，相當(dāng)于另一個(gè)事件 B 發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

2、也就是說， when 從句的重點(diǎn)不在動(dòng)作本身發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，而只是把它作為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以 when 多數(shù)情況下用的是大凡過去時(shí)，則不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。因?yàn)槿绻谜谶M(jìn)行時(shí)，它表示的就是一段時(shí)間而不是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)了。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，有的文章補(bǔ)充說： when 從句的動(dòng)詞大多是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。這種說法也可以參照。實(shí)際上， when 從句也可以有其它的時(shí)態(tài)，但幾乎也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)樗仓皇亲鳛橐粋€(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)。例如：3. When I got to the airport, the guests had left.當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已 經(jīng)離開了。4. When he had finished his homewo

3、rk, he took a short rest.當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。5. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？2、 while 的用法相比于 when 來說， while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)就不一樣了。 while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于描述動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當(dāng) while 事件正在發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一件事如何如何。所以， while 從句大凡用的是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒有硬性的要求，根據(jù)具體情況而定。例如：1. While they

4、 were talking, the bell rang.正在他們談話的時(shí)候，上課鈴響了。2. You can' t do your homework while you ' re wat6hingTVi看電視一 邊做家庭作業(yè)。從時(shí)間的角度來看， while 表示的是一段時(shí)間，是一個(gè)過程。這是while 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，如果含有 “一段時(shí)間” 的含義的時(shí)候，就可以用while 。3、 as 的用法as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。但與while 從句例外的是， as 從句用的大凡不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而只是大凡過去時(shí)。as從句大凡可以翻譯成 邊邊：例如：1

5、. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.當(dāng)我媽媽唱起那些老歌時(shí)，眼淚順著她的臉頰流了下來。2. The students took notes as they listened學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited我們繼續(xù)往下談的時(shí)候，他 越來越興奮。as 表達(dá)的事件，往往只是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)， as 只是一個(gè)次要 的時(shí)間說明，不像while 從句有強(qiáng)調(diào) while 動(dòng)作本身的意思。因此， as 常常翻譯成隨著之意。4.

6、 As the time went on ， the weather got worse. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，氣候更加倒 霉。5. As years go by China is getting stronger and richer隨著時(shí)間年年過 去，中國變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。少數(shù)情況下，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生， as 從句也可以用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。這只能算是特例了。1. He came in as Iwas going to be我正要上床睡覺，他進(jìn)來了。4、 when, while, as 的互換如果從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when ， while ， as 可以互換使

7、用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。 dance 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫信。 make 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of thebank.我順著馬路往前走時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行門前停著一輛警車。五

8、、比較 while, when, as1 ） as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。2 ）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用 as 或 while 。3 ）從句表示隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as,不用when或while。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變 越壞。（二） before 和 after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句1 Before 是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的前面。注意before 引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當(dāng) before 引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成 “就，才 ”。還要

9、注意主句和從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果 before 引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時(shí)，則主句動(dòng)詞多用過去完成時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。2 After 表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句和從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系湊巧與 before 引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如： It will be four days before they comeback他們要過四天才能回來。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me 愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才 看到我。（三）比較until 和 till 的用法此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思

10、是 “做某事直至某時(shí)” ，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是 “直至某時(shí)才做某事” 。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用 before 代替。例如： Let “s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didn “t arrive until 6 o她直clock點(diǎn)才到。Don “t get off the bus until

11、 it has stoppe必共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。區(qū)別： 1） until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。例如： Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。3 ） Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。例如： Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到 19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱為何物。5) It is not until that例如： It was not unt

12、il I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.(四)巧辨before 和 until一、在下列情況下，兩者可互換用，但含義略有例外。before表示在之前”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后關(guān)系；而 until表示 直到才”的意思，主句是肯 定句則表示主句動(dòng)作的終止時(shí)間；主句是否定句則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間。1 . 主句為否定式終止性謂語動(dòng)詞。多見的動(dòng)詞是open,start,leave,arrive,finish,stop 等。例如：(1)The noise of the street didn“t stop until/bef

13、ore it was midnight.(2)The children won “ t come back until/before it is dark.2 .主句為肯定式、延續(xù)性謂語詞，這類動(dòng)詞用 stand,stay,talk,be,wait 等。例 如：(1)He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.(2)I will wait until/before he comes to my help.二、在下列情況下，用 before 不用 until 。3 .主句這肯定式、終止性謂語動(dòng)詞，只用 befor

14、e 。例：(1)He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.(2)We arrived there before it atarted to rain.4 .主句謂語動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞的遲緩性，只用 before ，常伴有時(shí)間段狀語或時(shí)間 段暗示。例：(1)It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.(2)We had walked a long way before we found some water.5 .如果強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，就發(fā)生主句謂語動(dòng)作，只用 b

15、efore。常譯 為朱及“，不”或不等就”。(1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.(2)I must write it down before I forget it.6 .表 與其說倒不如"，與其毋寧只用before。例:d agree to b2e)Hdeiswmiilsl sdeied.o(f(1)I would give up my job before I hunger before he will steal.7 .在某些特定句型中用before 。例如：(1)It was not long

16、 before the whole country rose up.(2)It will probably not be long before they understand each other.三、下列情況大凡區(qū)別用 until 。1. 主句是持續(xù)性謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，肯定、否定都可以，但意義完全例外?？隙ū韯?dòng)作終止，而否定表動(dòng)作開始。(1)We discussed the problem until/before he came back 我們直討論至 U他回 來。(2)We didn “t discuss the problem until he came bOck一直等到他回來后才 討論問

17、題。2.not口門怖!型盡管在某些情況下可與 before互換用，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中大凡 仍用 until 。(1)It was not until he told me that I knew it.(2)It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.(五)其他時(shí)間狀語從句的用法1. 由 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。since 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。大凡情況下，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用大凡過去時(shí)，而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is +時(shí)間+ since從句的句型中，主句多用大凡現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

18、例如：I have been in Beijing since you left.自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you?上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？知識(shí)擴(kuò)展1. It is since從。以來多長時(shí)間了(因?yàn)閟ince +A句或名詞，表示一段時(shí) 間)It is five years since we met last time 從我 Cl上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。2. It is +before 。 。)It was a long time before I went to sleep again 過了 很長時(shí)間我才睡

19、著。It was an hour before(= until) the police arrived.過了個(gè)小時(shí)，警察才來。3. 由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示 幺就”。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那里 去。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you u或一到加拿大，就給你來電

20、話。4. 由 by the time 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化：在大凡情況下，如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用大凡過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用大凡現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí)。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this booklU你回來時(shí)，我已經(jīng)寫完 這本書了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天來這 兒的時(shí)候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。注意： when while as after before as s

21、oon as since till /until by the time 在時(shí)間 狀語從句中，要注意時(shí)態(tài)一致。大凡情況下主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用大凡現(xiàn)在時(shí)。六、練習(xí)：在下列各句的空格中填入合適的連詞1. he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.2. he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3. I saw her just she was getting off the train.4. Have a good look at that man you pass him.5. It

22、 was already eight o “ clock we got there.6. I was about to go out a visitor came.7. We“ ll go to the country at the beginning of June, the summerharvest will start.8. He learned to speak German he was in Berlin.9. Henry is in charge of the office Mr. Smith is away.10. I listen to the recorder I hav

23、e time.11. He had learned Chinese he came to China.12. the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.13. I haven “t seen him he moved to the other side of the town.14. I waited he came back.15. It was not he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.16. She likes everything to be in place

24、she starts to work.17. The thieves ran away they caught sight of the police.18. They decided to go back home their money ran out.19. We played outside till sunset, it began to rain。20. I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.21. They were about to leave it began to rain.22. He always st

25、ay in bed lunch time.23. I like playing tennis my younger sister prefers watching ballgames.24. I understand your viewpoint, I don t agree with you.25. she grew older, she became more responsible.二、從A、 B、 C、 D 中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。1. It was quiet those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless2. It seemed only seconds the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if3. Hardly had he reached the school