HCNA入門實(shí)驗(yàn)手冊(cè)(入門)

1、實(shí)驗(yàn)一.命令行基礎(chǔ)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)掌握設(shè)備系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的配置方法，包括設(shè)備名稱、系統(tǒng)時(shí)間及系統(tǒng)時(shí)區(qū)掌握Console口空閑超時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)的配置方法掌握登錄信息的配置方法掌握登錄密碼的配置方法掌握保存配置文件的方法掌握配置路由器接口IP地址的方法掌握測(cè)試兩臺(tái)直連路由器連通性的方法掌握重吭設(shè)備的方法掌握查看版本、當(dāng)前配置、接口信息實(shí)驗(yàn)描述及組網(wǎng)二、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程步驟一查看系統(tǒng)信息執(zhí)行displayversion命令，查看路由器的軟件版本不硬件信息。HuaweidisplayversionHuaweiVersatileRoutingPlatformSoftwareVRP(R)software,Version5.130(

2、AR2200V200R003C00)Copyright(C)2011-2012HUAWEITECHCO.,LTDHuaweiAR2220Routeruptimeis0week,0day,0hour,0minuteBKP0versioninformation:1. PCBVersion:AR01BAK2AVER.NC2. IfSupportingPoE:No3. BoardType:AR22204. MPUSlotQuantity:15. LPUSlotQuantity:6MPU0(Master):uptimeis0week,0day,0hour,0minuteMPUversioninforma

3、tion:1. PCB2. MAB3. BoardVersion:AR01SRU2AVER.AVersion:0Type:AR22204.BootROMVersion:0命令回顯信息中包含了VRP版本，設(shè)備型號(hào)和啟動(dòng)時(shí)間等信息。步驟二修改系統(tǒng)時(shí)間VRP系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)保存時(shí)間，但如果時(shí)間不正確，可以在用戶規(guī)圖下執(zhí)行clocktimezone命令和clockdatetime命令修改系統(tǒng)時(shí)間。clocktimezoneLocaladd08:00:00clockdatetime12:00:002013-09-15可以修改Local字段為當(dāng)前地區(qū)的時(shí)區(qū)名稱。如果當(dāng)前時(shí)區(qū)位于UTC+0時(shí)區(qū)的西部，需要把a(bǔ)dd

4、字段修改為minus。執(zhí)行displayclock命令查看生效的新系統(tǒng)時(shí)間。displayclock2013-09-1512:00:21SundayTimeZone(DefaultZoneName):UTC+00:00步驟三幫助功能和命令自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全功能在系統(tǒng)中輸入命令時(shí)，問(wèn)號(hào)是通配符，Tab鍵是自動(dòng)聯(lián)想并補(bǔ)全命令的快捷鍵。display ? Cellularaaaaccess-useraccounting -scheme aclactualadp-ipv4adp-mpls alarmantennaanti -attackapap-auth-modeap-elabelap-licenseap-pe

5、rformance -statisticap-profileap-regionap-run-infoap-typeap-updateap-whitelistapv2r3arp More CellularinterfaceAAAUseraccessAccountingschemeaclcommandgroupCurrentactualIpv4informationAdp-mplsmoduleAlarmCurrentantennathatoutputtingradioSpecifyanti-attackconfigurationsapcommandgroupDisplayAPauthenticat

6、ionmodeElectroniclabelAPlicenseconfigDisplayAPperformancestatisticinformationDisplayAPproDisplayAPregioninformationDisplayAPruninformationDisplayAPtypeinformationAPupdateAPwhitelistPAF(ProductAdaptiveFile)arpcommandgroup在輸入信息后輸入“？”可查看以輸入字母開(kāi)頭的命令。如輸入“dis？”，設(shè)備將輸出所有以dis開(kāi)頭的命令。在輸入的信息后增加空格，再輸入“？”，這時(shí)設(shè)備將嘗試識(shí)別

7、輸入的信息所對(duì)應(yīng)的命令，然后輸出該命令的其他參數(shù)。例如輸入“dis？”，如果只有display命令是以dis開(kāi)頭的，那么設(shè)備將輸出display命令的參數(shù)；如果以dis開(kāi)頭的命令還有其他的，設(shè)備將報(bào)錯(cuò)。另外可以使用鍵盤上Tab鍵補(bǔ)全命令，比如鍵入“dis”后，按鍵盤“Tab”鍵可以將命令補(bǔ)全為display”。如有多個(gè)以dis”開(kāi)頭的命令存在，則在多個(gè)命令之間循環(huán)切換。命令在開(kāi)4又生歧義的情況下可以使用簡(jiǎn)寫，如“display”可以簡(jiǎn)寫為“dis”或disp等，inteface可以簡(jiǎn)寫為int或inter等。步驟四進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)視圖使用system-view命令可以逆入系統(tǒng)規(guī)圖，這樣才可以配置接口、

8、協(xié)議等內(nèi)容。system-viewEntersystemview,returnuserviewwithCtrl+Z.Huawei步驟五修改設(shè)備名稱配置設(shè)備時(shí)，為了便于區(qū)分，往往給設(shè)備定義不同的名稱。如下我們依照實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)鋱D，修改設(shè)備名稱。修改R1路由器的設(shè)備名稱為R1。HuaweisysnameR1R1修改R3路由器的設(shè)備名稱為R3。HuaweisysnameR3R3步驟六配置登錄信息配置登陸標(biāo)詫信息來(lái)逆行提示戒逆行登陸警告。執(zhí)行headershellinformation命令配置登錄信息。R1headershellinformationWelcometotheHuaweicertificati

9、onlab.退出路由器命令行界面，再重新登錄命令行界面，查看登錄信息是否已縐修改。R1quitquitConfigurationconsoleexit,pleasepressanykeytologonWelcometotheHuaweicertificationlab.步驟七配置Console口參數(shù)默認(rèn)情況下，通過(guò)Console口登陸無(wú)密碼，任何人都可以直接連接到設(shè)備，逆行配置。為避免由此帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可以將Console接口登錄方式配置為密碼認(rèn)證方式，密碼為明文形式的“huawei”?？臻e時(shí)間指的是縐過(guò)沒(méi)有任何操作的一定時(shí)間后，會(huì)自勱退出該配置界面，再次登陸會(huì)根據(jù)系統(tǒng)要求，提示輸入密碼逆行驗(yàn)證

10、。設(shè)置空閑超時(shí)時(shí)間為20分鐘，默認(rèn)為10分鐘。R1user-interfaceconsole0R1-ui-console0authentication-modepasswordR1-ui-console0setauthenticationpasswordcipherhuaweiR1-ui-console0idle-timeout200執(zhí)行displaythis命令查看配置結(jié)果。R1-ui-console0displaythisV200R003C01SPC200#user-interfacecon0authentication-modepasswordsetauthenticationpassw

11、ordcipher%$%$fIn6NZ6*as（#J:WU%,#72Uy8cVlNANXkT51EARX;#75,%$%$idle-timeout200退出系統(tǒng)，并使用新配置的密碼登錄系統(tǒng)。需要注意的是，在路由器第一次初始化吭勱時(shí)，也需要配置密碼。R1-ui-console0returnquitConfigurationconsoleexit,pleasepressanykeytologonWelcometoHuaweicertificationlab步驟八配置接口IP地址和描述信息配置R1上GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口的IP地址。使用點(diǎn)分十逆制格式（如255.255.255.

12、0）戒根據(jù)子網(wǎng)掩碼前綴長(zhǎng)度配置子網(wǎng)掩碼。R1interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ipaddress10.0.13.124R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0descriptionThisinterfaceconnectstoR3-G0/0/0在當(dāng)前接口規(guī)圖下，執(zhí)行displaythis命令查看配置結(jié)果。R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0displaythisV200R003C00SPC200#interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0descriptionThisinterfaceconn

13、ectstoR3-G0/0/0ipaddress10.0.13.1255.255.255.0#Return執(zhí)行displayinterface命令查看接口信息。R1displayinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0GigabitEthernet0/0/0currentstate:UPLineprotocolcurrentstate:UPLastlineprotocoluptime:2013-10-0804:13:09Description:ThisinterfaceconnectstoR3-G0/0/0RoutePort,TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1

14、500InternetAddressis10.0.13.1/24IPSendingFramesFormatisPKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardwareaddressis5489-9876-830bLastphysicaluptime:2013-10-0803:24:01Lastphysicaldowntime:2013-10-0803:25:29Currentsystemtime:2013-10-0804:15:30PortMode:FORCECOPPERSpeed:100,Loopback:NONEDuplex:FULL,Negotiation:ENABLEMdi:AUTOLast30

15、0secondsinputrate2296bits/sec,1packets/secLast300secondsoutputrate88bits/sec,0packets/secInputpeakrate7392bits/sec,Recordtime:2013-10-0804:08:41Outputpeakrate1120bits/sec,Recordtime:2013-10-0803:27:56Input:3192packets,895019bytesUnicast:0,Multicast:1592Broadcast:1600,Jumbo:0Discard:0,TotalError:0CRC

16、:0,Giants:0Jabbers:0,Throttles:0Runts:0,Symbols:0Ignoreds:0,Frames:0Output:181packets,63244bytesUnicast:0,Multicast:0Broadcast:181,Jumbo:0Discard:0,TotalError:0Collisions:0,ExcessiveCollisions:0LateCollisions:0,Deferreds:0Inputbandwidthutilizationthreshold:100.00%Outputbandwidthutilizationthreshold:

17、100.00%Inputbandwidthutilization:0.01%Outputbandwidthutilization:0%從命令回顯信息中可以看到，接口的物理狀態(tài)不協(xié)議狀態(tài)均為Up,表示對(duì)應(yīng)的物理層不數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層均可用。配置R3上GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口的IP地址不描述信息。R3interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ipaddress10.0.13.3255.255.255.0R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0descriptionThisinterfaceconnectstoR1-G0

18、/0/0配置完成后，通過(guò)執(zhí)行ping命令測(cè)試R1和R3間的連通性。ping10.0.13.3PING10.0.13.3:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom10.0.13.3:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=255time=35msReplyfrom10.0.13.3:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=255time=32msReplyfrom10.0.13.3:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=255time=32msReplyfrom10.0.13.3:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=255time=32

19、msReplyfrom10.0.13.3:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=255time=32ms-10.0.13.3pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=32/32/35ms步驟九查看當(dāng)前設(shè)備上存儲(chǔ)的文件列表在用戶規(guī)圖下執(zhí)行dir命令，查看當(dāng)前目錄下的文件列表。dirDirectoryofsd1:/IdxAttrSize(Byte)DateTime(LMT)0-rw-1,738,816Mar14201311:50:24web.zip1-r

20、w-68,288,896Mar14201314:17:58ar2220-v200r003c00spc200.cc2-rw-739Mar14201316:01:17vrpcfg.zip1,927,476KBtotal(1,856,548KBfree)dirDirectoryofsd1:/IdxAttrSize(Byte)DateTime(LMT)0-rw-1,738,816Mar14201311:50:58web.zip1-rw-68,288,896Mar14201314:19:02ar2220-v200r003c00spc200.cc2-rw-739Mar14201316:03:04vrpcf

21、g.zip1,927,476KBtotal(1,855,076KBfree)步驟十管理設(shè)備配置文件執(zhí)行displaysaved-configuration命令查看保存的配置文件。displaysaved-configurationThereisnocorrectconfigurationFLASH系統(tǒng)中沒(méi)有已保存的配置文件。執(zhí)行save命令保存當(dāng)前配置文件。saveThecurrentconfigurationwillbewrittentothedevice.Areyousuretocontinue?(y/n)n:yItwilltakeseveralminutestosaveconfigura

22、tionfile,pleasewaitConfigurationbeensavedsuccessfullyNote:Theconfigurationtakeeffectafterbeingactivated重新執(zhí)行displaysaved-configuration命令查看已保存的配置信息。displaysaved-configurationV200R003C00SPC200#sysnameR1headershellinformationWelcometoHuaweicertificationlab#boardadd0/11SAboardadd0/21SAoutputomit執(zhí)行display

23、current-configuration命令查看當(dāng)前配置信息。displaycurrent-configurationV200R003C00SPC200#sysnameR1headershellinformationWelcometoHuaweicertificationlab#boardadd0/11SAboardadd0/21SAboardadd0/32FEoutputomit一臺(tái)路由器可以存儲(chǔ)多個(gè)配置文件。執(zhí)行displaystartup命令查看下次吭勱時(shí)使用的配置文件。displaystartupMainBoard:Startupsystemsoftware:sd1:/ar2220-

24、v200r003c00spc200.ccNextstartupsystemsoftware:sd1:/ar2220-v200r003c00spc200.ccBackupsystemsoftwarefornextstartup:nullStartupsaved-configurationfile:nullNextstartupsaved-configurationfile:sd1:/vrpcfg.zipStartuplicensefile:nullNextstartuplicensefile:nullStartuppatchpackage:nullNextstartuppatchpackage:

25、nullStartupvoice-files:nullNextstartupvoice-files:null刪除閃存中的配置文件。resetsaved-configurationThiswilldeletetheconfigurationintheflashmemory.Thedeviceconfigurationswillbeerasedtoreconfigure.Areyousure?(y/n)n:yCleartheconfigurationinthedevicesuccessfully.resetsaved-configurationThiswilldeletetheconfigurat

26、ionintheflashmemory.Thedeviceconfigurationswillbeerasedtoreconfigure.Areyousure?(y/n)n:yCleartheconfigurationinthedevicesuccessfully.步驟十一重啟設(shè)備執(zhí)行reboot命令重吭路由器。rebootInfo:Thesystemisnowcomparingtheconfiguration,pleasewait.Warning:Alltheconfigurationwillbesavedtothenextstartupconfiguration.Continue?y/n:

27、nSystemwillreboot!Continue?y/n:yInfo:systemisrebooting,pleasewait.rebootInfo:Thesystemisnowcomparingtheconfiguration,pleasewait.Warning:Alltheconfigurationwillbesavedtothenextstartupconfiguration.Continue?y/n:nSystemwillreboot!Continue?y/n:y系統(tǒng)提示是否保存當(dāng)前配置，可根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)要求決定是否保存當(dāng)前配置。如果無(wú)法確定是否保存，則不保存當(dāng)前配置。實(shí)驗(yàn)二.STP配

28、置一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)掌握修改交換機(jī)STP模式的方法？掌握修改橋優(yōu)先級(jí),控制根橋選舉的方法掌握修改端口優(yōu)先級(jí),控制根端口和指定口選舉的方法掌握邊緣端口的配置方法二、實(shí)驗(yàn)描述及組網(wǎng)圖您是公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員，為了避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的環(huán)路問(wèn)題，需要在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的交換機(jī)上配置STR本實(shí)驗(yàn)中，您還需要通過(guò)修改橋優(yōu)先級(jí)來(lái)控制STP的根橋選舉，并通過(guò)配置STP的一些特性來(lái)加快STP的收斂速度。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程步驟一：按上圖連線，配置主機(jī)的ip地址，并且檢查交換機(jī)的配置是否為初始狀態(tài)。步驟二：設(shè)置交換機(jī)的stp模式為stp（華為交換機(jī)默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟stp,且模式為mstp）,設(shè)置JC1的優(yōu)先級(jí)為4096,JC2、JC3的優(yōu)先級(jí)為默認(rèn)值，并且

29、配置連接PC的端口為邊緣端口。JC1:JC1stpmodestpJC1stppriority4096/配置時(shí)優(yōu)先級(jí)必須是4096的倍數(shù)JC1interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/24JC1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24stpedged-portenableJC2：JC2stpmodestpJC2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24stpedged-portenableJC3:JC3stpmodestpJC3GigabitEthernet0/0/24stpedged-portenable步驟三：查看STP信息JC1displaystpCISTGlobalI

30、nfoModeSTPCIST Bridge Config Times Active TimesCIST Root/ERPC4096:4096.4c1f-cc38-374c/修改后優(yōu)先級(jí)為:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMaxHop20:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMaxHop20:4096.4c1f-cc38-374c/0CISTRegRoot/IRPC:4096.4c1f-cc38-374c/0CISTRootPortId:0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledTCorTCNreceived:14TCcountperhello:0STPC

31、onvergeMode:NormalTimesincelastTC:0days0h:3m:55sNumberofTC:12LastTCoccurred:GigabitEthernet0/0/1JC1displaystpbriefMSTIDPortRoleSTPStateProtection0GigabitEthernet0/0/1DESIFORWARDINGNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/3DESIFORWARDINGNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/24DESIFORWARDINGNONEJC2displaystpCISTGlobalInfoModeSTPCIS

32、T Bridge Config Times Active TimesCIST Root/ERPC:32768.4c1f-ccba-711a/ 交換機(jī)的默認(rèn)優(yōu)先級(jí)是:Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20:Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 :4096 .4c1f-cc38-374c / 2000032768CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-ccba-711a / 0CIST RootPortId :128.3/ 根端口的默認(rèn)優(yōu)先級(jí)是128BPDU-Protection :Disable

33、dTC or TCN received :97TC count per hello :0STP Converge Mode :NormalTime since last TC :0 days 0h:7m:48sNumber of TC:14Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/3JC2display stp briefMSTID Port0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2Role STP StateALTE DISCARDINGProtectionNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/3ROOTFORWARDINGNONE0Gigabit

34、Ethernet0/0/24DESIFORWARDINGNONEJC3displaystpbriefMSTIDPortRoleSTPStateProtection0GigabitEthernet0/0/1ROOTFORWARDINGNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/2DESIFORWARDINGNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/24DESIFORWARDINGNONE以上信息表明JC1是根橋，其上所有端口是指定端口(DESI,處于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)狀態(tài)(FORWARDING.JC2是非根橋，端口GigabitEthernet0/0/3是根端口，處于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)狀態(tài)，端口GigabitEt

35、hernet0/0/2是備份端口(ALTB,處于阻塞狀態(tài)。JC3也是非根橋，端口GigabitEthernet0/0/1是根端口，GigabitEthernet0/0/2是指定端口，處于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)狀態(tài)。實(shí)驗(yàn)三.靜態(tài)路由基礎(chǔ)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)掌握靜態(tài)路由的配置掌握缺省路由配置二、實(shí)驗(yàn)描述及組網(wǎng)GEQWO10.1,2.1/24ie+1.2 h2/24GEOWO10.1.3.1/24ge amrsFtwai10.13.2；10.1.4.1/32Loopbaek 0三、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)一：步驟一：建立物理連接按照拓?fù)鋱D進(jìn)行連接，所有設(shè)備配置為初始狀態(tài)。以下表配置各個(gè)設(shè)備的IP地址。設(shè)備名稱接口IP地址JC1Loo

36、pback。10.1.1.1/32G0/0/010.1.2.1/24JC2G0/0/010.1.2.2/24G0/0/110.1.3.1/24JC3G0/0/110.1.3.2/24Loopback010.1.4.1/24步驟二：測(cè)試路由器間的連通性，如下所示：通過(guò)查看路由表，發(fā)現(xiàn)此時(shí)路由器中只有直連網(wǎng)段的路由此時(shí)我們來(lái)測(cè)試JC1和JC3之間的連通性，如下：JC1-LoopBack0ping10.1.4.1PING10.1.4.1:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakMar16201608:22:15-08:00JC1DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OI

37、D1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1configurationshavebeenchanged.Thecurrentchangenumberis5,thechangeloopcountis0,andthemaximumnumberofrecordsis4095.RequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeout-10.1.4.1pingstatistics-5 packet(s)transmitted0packet(s)received6 00.00%packetloss從以上顯示

38、我們可以看到，JC1和JC3之間是不能夠進(jìn)行通信的。步驟三：配置靜態(tài)路由我們只在JC1和JC3上配置靜態(tài)路由。JC1:JC1iproute-static10.1.3.02410.1.2.2JC1iproute-static10.1.4.02410.1.2.2JC3:JC3iproute-static10.1.3.02410.1.2.2JC3iproute-static10.1.4.02410.1.2.2配置完成后，在路由器上查看路由表。例如在JC1上查看路由表，如下：JC1displayiprouting-tableRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofibRouti

39、ngTables:PublicDestinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface10.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack010.1.2.0/24Direct00D10.1.2.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.2.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.3.0/24Static600RD10.1.2.2GigabitEthernet10.1.4.0/24Static600RD10.1.2.2Giga

40、bitEthernet127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack00/0/00/0/0測(cè)試JC1和JC3之間的可達(dá)性。在JC1上用Ping命令測(cè)試到JC3的G0/0/1口的可達(dá)性，如下：JC1ping10.1.3.2PING10.1.3.2:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=70msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=2tt

41、l=254time=40msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=60msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=254time=30msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=254time=70ms-10.1.3.2pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=30/54/70ms我們可以看到是可以Ping通的。但是，如

42、果在JC1上Ping10.1.4.1如下：JC1ping10.1.4.1PING10.1.4.1:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeout-10.1.4.1pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted0packet(s)received100.00%packetloss或者是在JC1上使用ping-a10.1.1.1.10.1.3.2結(jié)果如下：JC1ping-a10.1.1.110.1.3.2PING10.1

43、.3.2:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeoutRequesttimeout-10.1.3.2pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted0packet(s)received100.00%packetloss我們發(fā)現(xiàn)此時(shí)是不通的。為什么呢？我們來(lái)分析一下：通過(guò)查看路由表，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)JC2的路由表中沒(méi)有到10.1.1.1/32和10.1.1.4.1/32的路由。那么，我們?cè)贘C2上配置靜態(tài)路由，如下：JC2iproute-static10

44、.1.1.02410.1.2.1JC2iproute-static10.1.4.02410.1.3.2我們?cè)賮?lái)測(cè)試：JC1ping10.1.4.1PING10.1.4.1:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=90msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=50msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=90msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Se

45、quence=4ttl=254time=80msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=254time=60ms-10.1.4.1pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=50/74/90msJC1ping-a10.1.1.110.1.3.2PING10.1.3.2:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254tim

46、e=60msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=60msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=50msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=254time=70msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=254time=90ms-10.1.3.2pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tr

47、ipmin/avg/max=50/66/90ms可見(jiàn)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了各網(wǎng)段之間的互通。實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)二：配置缺省路由在路由器上合理的配置靜態(tài)路由能夠減少路由表中表項(xiàng)數(shù)量，節(jié)省路由表空間，加快路由匹配速度。默認(rèn)路由經(jīng)常使用在末端網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。末端網(wǎng)絡(luò)是指僅有一個(gè)出口連接外部的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我們?cè)贘C1和JC3上用Loopback口來(lái)模擬末端網(wǎng)絡(luò)，那么我們就可以在JC1和JC3上配置默認(rèn)路由。步驟一：建立物理連接清空任務(wù)一的配置，并根據(jù)任務(wù)一建立重新建立物理連接。步驟二：配置默認(rèn)路由JC1配置：JC1iproute-static0.0.0.0010.1.2.2JC2配置：JC2iproute-static10.1.1.13

48、210.1.2.1JC2iproute-static10.1.4.02410.1.3.2JC3配置：JC3iproute-static0.0.0.0010.1.3.1測(cè)試各路由器之間的連通性：在JC1上使用Ping命令測(cè)試：JC1ping10.1.3.2PING10.1.3.2:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=80msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=80msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56

49、Sequence=3ttl=254time=70msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=254time=60msReplyfrom10.1.3.2:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=254time=30ms-10.1.3.2pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=30/64/80msJC1ping10.1.4.1PING10.1.4.1:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakRe

50、plyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=40msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=30msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=70msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=254time=60msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=254time=30ms-10.1.4.1pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmit

51、ted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=30/46/70msJC1ping-a10.1.1.110.1.4.1PING10.1.4.1:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=60msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=50msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=70msReplyfro

52、m10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=254time=70msReplyfrom10.1.4.1:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=254time=60ms-10.1.4.1pingstatistics-5packet(s)transmitted5packet(s)received0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=50/62/70ms通過(guò)測(cè)試，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)各路由器之間是彼此互通的我們?cè)贘C1上查看路由表：JC1displayiprouting-tableRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofibR

53、outingTables:PublicDestinations:6Routes:6Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface0.0.0.0/0Static600RD10.1.2.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack010.1.2.0/24Direct00D10.1.2.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.2.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0實(shí)驗(yàn)四.RIP配置一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)加深RIP協(xié)議原理的理解了解RIP實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)