第三章誤差的合成與分配

1、nxxxfy,21nxxx,21nndxxfdxxfdxxfdy2211nxxx,21nnxxfxxfxxfy2211), 2 , 1(nixfaiinnxaxaxay2211nnxaxaxay2211ianxxxf,sin21nnxxfxxfxxf2211sindd cos)(sincos)(sinddcos)(sinniiinnxxfxxfxxfxxf12211cos1cos1則：nxxxf,cos21niiixxf1sin1nxxxf,tan21niiixxf12cosnxxxf,cot21niiixxf12sinnxxxfy,21NkxxxxkNkkk, 2 , 1,:21nNnnnN

2、Nxxxxxxxxxxxx,:,:,:21222212112111nknkkkxxfxxfxxfy2211nNnNNNnnnnxxfxxfxxfyxxfxxfxxfyxxfxxfxxfy22112222121212121111jkikjnjiinknkkkxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfy1222222212122jNiNjnjiinNnNNNjijnjiinnjijnjiinnxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfyxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfyxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfy122222221212221222222222122122111212221222112121222bcacabcbacb

3、acbacba222)(2)()(222222 njiNmjmimjinNnnnNNNxxxfxfxxxxfxxxxfxxxxfyyy1122221222222221222121221121222212NNii12njiNmjmimjixnnxxyNxxxfxfxfxfxf11222222212122NxxKNmjmimij1xjxiijijKxjxiijijK1則：njixjxiijjixnnxxyxfxfxfxfxf1222222212122), 2 , 1(nixfaii01NxxKNmjmimij0ij則：22222221212xnnxxyxfxfxf2222222121xnnxxyx

4、fxfxfiiaxf2222222121xnnxxyaaanxxxy211ia22221xnxxy2lim2lim2limlim21nxxxy2lim22lim222lim21lim21nxnxxyaaa:,sin21nxxxf:,cos21nxxxf:,tan21nxxxf2222222121cos1xnnxxxfxfxf2222222121sin1xnnxxxfxfxf22222221212cosxnnxxxfxfxf:,cot21nxxxf22222221212sinxnnxxxfxfxf時：當(dāng)0ij2222222121xnnxxyaaa時：當(dāng)1ijxnnxxnjixjxijixnnxx

5、yaaaaaaaa2211122222221212K之間的協(xié)方差與誤差K的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與誤差,11相關(guān)系數(shù)取值范圍：10011100115 . 05 . 0n4n1n2n3ABii, 432131,cosnnnnnnnnii,。、iiiiii的均值分別為22ba0, 10, 1aannxxfxxfxxfy2211njixjxiijjixnnxxyxfxfxfxfxf1222222212122Kq,21q,21qjijijiijqiiiaaa112220ijqijia12)(q,21qjijijiijqiiiaaa1122)(qitiii, 2 , 1,iitttqjijijiijqiiiaaat11

6、22)(qjijjiijiijqiiiittaatat1122)(時：ttttq21qjijijiijqiiiaaa1122)(:0時ijqiiia12)(r,21r,21riii1ie),(iiee 對某一個砝碼，一經(jīng)檢定完成其修正值已確定不對某一個砝碼，一經(jīng)檢定完成其修正值已確定不變，由檢定方法引入的誤差也就被確定下來了，其值變，由檢定方法引入的誤差也就被確定下來了，其值為檢定方法引入的極限誤差范圍內(nèi)的一個隨機(jī)值。使為檢定方法引入的極限誤差范圍內(nèi)的一個隨機(jī)值。使用這個砝碼進(jìn)行多次重復(fù)測量時，由檢定方法引入的用這個砝碼進(jìn)行多次重復(fù)測量時，由檢定方法引入的誤差則為恒定值而不具有抵償性。但這一誤

7、差的具體誤差則為恒定值而不具有抵償性。但這一誤差的具體數(shù)值又未掌握，而只知其極限范圍，因此屬未定系統(tǒng)數(shù)值又未掌握，而只知其極限范圍，因此屬未定系統(tǒng)誤差。誤差。iuiiiutesuuu,21s,21sjijijiijsiiiuuaauu11220ijsiiiuau12)(siuteiii, 2 , 1,tuesjijijiijsiiiuuaauate1122)(sjijjiijiijsiiiiteteaateate1122)(0ijsiiieae12qsreee,212121 qiiisiiiriiRttet12121)()(總qiisiiriie12121總qiisiie1212總qiisiine12121總qsuuu,2121qiisiiRu1212qiisiiu1212qiisiinu121212222122222221212222222121nnnnnyDDDxfxfxfiDiiii