情態(tài)動(dòng)詞打印

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)不表示推測(cè)不表示推測(cè)can couldmay mightshall shouldmust will wouldought tohave to dare (darent)need (neednt) used to情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說(shuō)表示說(shuō) 話人的情緒話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞,但但 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 只能和其他動(dòng)詞只能和其他動(dòng)詞 原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 must , can/could, may/might 的用法的用法must1.must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，表示推測(cè)時(shí)

2、， 只能用于只能用于肯定句?？隙ň?。e.g.這個(gè)電腦肯定出了問(wèn)題。這個(gè)電腦肯定出了問(wèn)題。There must be something wrong with the computer.注意：注意：must用于肯定句中可表示用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏偏偏”。 Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite. Ex.-You may laugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. -Oh, you _ be out of you

3、r mind. You will be hungry all the time. A. will B. may C. must D. shouldB2.must +be doing/do 表示對(duì)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè)進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè) 他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說(shuō). .He must be reading novels now.他們買了一輛新車。他們買了一輛新車。 他們一定很有錢他們一定很有錢.They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.3.must +have done 表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情過(guò)去發(fā)

4、生的事情作出的肯定判斷作出的肯定判斷他們?cè)谕婊@球，他們?cè)谕婊@球， 他們一定完成了作業(yè)。他們一定完成了作業(yè)。They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework. 路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.Ex.1.-Show me your permit, please! -Oh, its not in my pocket. It _. A. might fall out B. could fall

5、out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen outD2.-I wonder why they are late? -They _ the train. A. cant have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might missC3. _I return the book next week? No, you neednt. You can keep it if you like. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Need B對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況推測(cè)：對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況

6、推測(cè)： must +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形must只能用于肯定。否定和疑問(wèn)分別用只能用于肯定。否定和疑問(wèn)分別用cant和和can。e.g. He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie? He cant tell a lie. mustmaymight 可能性依次減弱可能性依次減弱must對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)也只能用于肯定句，譯成對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)也只能用于肯定句，譯成“一定一定”。否否 定和疑問(wèn)分別用定和疑問(wèn)分別用 cant / couldnt have done和和can / could have donee.g. Could /Can it have happened last

7、 night ? It couldnt/cant have happened last night.Ex. 1. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended2. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comf

8、ortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have beenBDcan, could 和和be able to的用法的用法e.g. She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine can make you feel comfortable.1.can, be able to都可都可表示表示“能力能力”Can的主語(yǔ)是人或物的主語(yǔ)是人或物,be able to的主語(yǔ)是人的主語(yǔ)是人 e.g. Well be able to fin

9、ish the work soon. I havent been able to see the film.2.can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)(could)。 be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 could用于表示泛指過(guò)去的能力。用于表示泛指過(guò)去的能力。 e.g. I could read when I was four. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.3.表示特定的某一過(guò)去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只表示特定的某一過(guò)去能力或表示

10、成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用能用was/were able to， 不能用不能用could。 e.g. He was able to escape from Europe before the war broke out. He was able to swim before he got tired. 表示過(guò)去的能力表示過(guò)去的能力Ex.1. Having a blog (博客博客) _ help me make more friends. A. can B. must C. need D. should2.Mary, _ you speak Chinese? Yes, only a little

11、. A. must B. need C. may D. canADcan/could 1. can /could 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用在表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。e.g. Its so late. Can Tom be reading? Can it be Mr. Green?It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.She couldnt be telling lies.2.can 用在肯定句中，表示抽象的或者理論上的可能性。用在肯定句中，表示抽象的或者理論上的可能性。 eg. Everyone can make mistakes in

12、 his life.Ex. There is someone knocking at the door. _ it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought toA2. can/could have done 對(duì)對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)去發(fā)生行為的可能性進(jìn)行推測(cè)行為的可能性進(jìn)行推測(cè): :I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.The door was locked. 門是鎖著的，門是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。3. could have done “本可以，本來(lái)可能已經(jīng)本可以，本來(lái)可能已

13、經(jīng)”用于用于肯定肯定句句中，表示對(duì)中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情做出的判斷做出的判斷. . 你本來(lái)可以考的更好。你本來(lái)可以考的更好。You could have had a better mark.Ex.I stayed at a hotel while in New York? - Oh did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. must have stayed D. would stayAmay/might1.may/might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于陳述句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于陳述句

14、，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作把握不大。或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作把握不大。They may come here tomorrow.They may be still waiting for us.2.might 可用于可用于指過(guò)去的行為或者表示可能性更小指過(guò)去的行為或者表示可能性更小。e.g.他也許在做功課吧。他也許在做功課吧。He might be doing his homework now.我問(wèn)他我是否可以離開。我問(wèn)他我是否可以離開。I asked him if I might leave.I asked him “May I leave now?”2.might 可用于可用于指過(guò)去的行為或者

15、表示可能性更小指過(guò)去的行為或者表示可能性更小。e.g.他也許在做功課吧。他也許在做功課吧。He might be doing his homework now.我問(wèn)他我是否可以離開。我問(wèn)他我是否可以離開。I asked him if I might leave.3.might/may have done,表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可能進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)。性推測(cè)。 他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He may have gone to the clinic. 他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。He might have read about t

16、he news in the newspaper.4）may 表示許可，表示允許別人做某事，表示許可，表示允許別人做某事， 也可征求對(duì)也可征求對(duì)方的許可。方的許可。 May I open the door? We may keep the book for two weeks.5） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May you have a nice trip! Ex. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might

17、B. should C. can D. willA表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .肯定的推測(cè)肯定的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)must 對(duì)將來(lái)對(duì)將來(lái) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過(guò)去對(duì)過(guò)去情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見常見must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V

18、. + have done + be doingWill /Would you do? (表請(qǐng)求表請(qǐng)求would 更委婉更委婉) 表意志，愿望，決心表意志，愿望，決心would表過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向表示表過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向表示“總是總是,總要總要”used to表過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒(méi)有這種習(xí)慣）表過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒(méi)有這種習(xí)慣） “過(guò)去常常過(guò)去常?！眜sed to 可于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用可于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用would不可以不可以e.g. He used to be a quiet boy. () He would be a quiet boy. ( )will/wouldEx. When

19、he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. mightA shall/should 1.shall 用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令，警告，允諾或威脅。的命令，警告，允諾或威脅。 e.g.1)You shall go with me.(命令命令) 2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾允諾) 3)He shall be pu

20、nished.(威脅威脅) 2. shall用于第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)用于第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 e.g.4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意見）（征求意見） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(請(qǐng)示請(qǐng)示)Ex.Whats the name of the book? Khulaifi. _ I spell it for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. MightAe.g. It is three ocloc

21、k, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.2. should 用于表達(dá)合理推斷法用于表達(dá)合理推斷法注意：注意：should可表示可表示“居然，竟然居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信這樣一個(gè)紳士居然對(duì)老人如此無(wú)禮。我不敢相信這樣一個(gè)紳士居然對(duì)老人如此無(wú)禮。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.3.用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)

22、，多用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中。用于第三人稱中。e.g. Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與常表示勸告、建議、命令，與ought to意義相近，意義相近，但但ought to多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。在疑問(wèn)句中通多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。在疑問(wèn)句中通常用常用should代替代替ought to。e.g. You should/ought to ha

23、ve told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.4.should/ought to have done表示責(zé)備或批評(píng)表示責(zé)備或批評(píng),意為意為“本應(yīng)本應(yīng)該做到該做到但沒(méi)有做到但沒(méi)有做到”,用于否定則表示用于否定則表示“本不該本不該但但”ought to的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈.Ex.1.What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shallA2. -

24、 Im sorry. I _at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shoutedB3. Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment. A. need B. has to C. should D. canCmust 和和have to1.must用于一般問(wèn)句中用于一般問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用肯

25、定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做，做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許” e.g. Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. You mustnt get off while the car is still moving. e.g. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2

26、.表示表示“必須必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must 和和have to 稍有區(qū)別。稍有區(qū)別。must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法，著重說(shuō)明主觀看法，have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have to 能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。 You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to2. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with fire. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D.

27、darent3. - May I smoke here ? - If you _, choose a seat in the smoking area. A. should B. could C. may D. mustDCDneed /darea. need 表需要和必須常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句表需要和必須常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句,neednt have done “本不必做本不必做”b. dare 表敢表敢,常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。c. dare與與need 用做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)的變化用做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)的變化,但但dare用于否定句和疑問(wèn)

28、句時(shí)常接不帶用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)常接不帶to的不定式的不定式,need后后要接帶要接帶to的不定式。的不定式。 Ex. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done(一一)關(guān)于情景交際中的答語(yǔ)問(wèn)題關(guān)于情景交際中的答語(yǔ)問(wèn)題1.Could I borrow your dictionary?(委婉委婉) Yes，you can/m

29、ay. Sure. Go ahead. 2.May I take this seat?(第一人稱疑問(wèn)句第一人稱疑問(wèn)句) Yes, you may. No, you mustnt.3. must用于一般問(wèn)句中用于一般問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做，做 “不必不必”, mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許” e.g. Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)分析情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常考點(diǎn)分析（二）關(guān)于（二）關(guān)于mus

30、t 的反意疑問(wèn)句的反意疑問(wèn)句1.Judging from his accident, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he? didnt he?arent they?因因must后是實(shí)意后是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞like因因must后是系動(dòng)詞后是系動(dòng)詞 be must后接的是后接的是be sleepi

31、ng，是對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況推測(cè)是對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況推測(cè)1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term,hadnt we?3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?hasnt he? 若句中含有過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用過(guò)去若句中含有過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)完成反意疑問(wèn)句完成時(shí)完成反意疑問(wèn)句若句中含有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)若句中含有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)完成反意疑問(wèn)句完成反意疑問(wèn)句若句中不含任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，若句中不含任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成反意疑問(wèn)句完成反

32、意疑問(wèn)句2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，1.must +have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為 進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必想必/準(zhǔn)是準(zhǔn)是/一定作了某事一定作了某事”。It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy.昨晚昨晚 一定是下雨了，一定是下雨了， 因?yàn)榈厣虾苣酀粢驗(yàn)榈厣虾苣酀?2.can/could+have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的懷疑和不肯定，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在

33、否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。1). Can they have won the basketball match?他們可能贏了籃球賽嗎？他們可能贏了籃球賽嗎？2). It couldnt have been Mr. Green. He has gone to New York.那不可能是格林先生的，他已經(jīng)去北京了。那不可能是格林先生的，他已經(jīng)去北京了。3.may/might+have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，意為意為“也許也許/或許已經(jīng)或許已經(jīng)”。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，不用與疑問(wèn)句。不用與疑問(wèn)句。mig

34、ht比比may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。 1. Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了，我想他可能已經(jīng)睡覺了。太晚了，我想他可能已經(jīng)睡覺了。2. He may/might not have finished the work.他可能沒(méi)有完成工作。他可能沒(méi)有完成工作。4.could(不用不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本來(lái)能本來(lái)能夠夠而沒(méi)能而沒(méi)能”，具有婉轉(zhuǎn)的批評(píng)和責(zé)備之意。，具有婉轉(zhuǎn)的批評(píng)和責(zé)備之意。I could have passed my exam easily, but I m

35、ade too many stupid mistakes. 我本來(lái)能夠輕易通過(guò)考試。我本來(lái)能夠輕易通過(guò)考試。5.should/ought to+have done用于肯定句時(shí)，表示用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“本該本該做做 某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”，用于否定句時(shí)，則表示，用于否定句時(shí)，則表示“不該做不該做的的 事反而做了事反而做了”。1.You should have told him a week ago.你本來(lái)應(yīng)該在一周前告訴他的。你本來(lái)應(yīng)該在一周前告訴他的。2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room

36、.他不該、把雜志帶出閱覽室的。他不該、把雜志帶出閱覽室的。6.neednt +have done表示做了本來(lái)不必去做的事。表示做了本來(lái)不必去做的事。1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.昨天她本不必到火車站去的昨天她本不必到火車站去的.（昨天她去了）（昨天她去了）2.You neednt have bought it.你本可不必買它的。你本可不必買它的。 （你買了）（你買了）7.might（不用（不用may）+have done表示表示“本來(lái)可能本來(lái)可能”，但，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可表示實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可表示“本來(lái)

37、應(yīng)該或可以本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。1.You might not have told her.你本可以不告訴他的。（事實(shí)上你告訴他了）你本可以不告訴他的。（事實(shí)上你告訴他了）2. You might have come earlier.你本可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)的。（但沒(méi)有這樣）你本可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)的。（但沒(méi)有這樣） 鞏固練習(xí)題鞏固練習(xí)題1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2.

38、 Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could C 6. My

39、MP4 isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it？ A. can B. must C. should D. would 7. You _ the exam, but you spent all your time playing. A. can pass B. could have passed C. could pass D. can have passed8. - Im sorry. I _at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt sh

40、out B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shoutedABB9. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might10. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntCA11. That _be Anns husband, for I am sure that he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt 12. - Good morning. I got an appointment with Miss Smith yesterday