專業(yè)英語復習提綱

1、專業(yè)英語復習提綱一、術語：（1）Basic Concepts in Mechanics力學基本概念P11.mechanics力學/statics靜力學/dynamics動力學2.force力/matter物質(zhì)/mass數(shù)量/inertia慣性/weight重力/particle支點3.rigid body剛體/deformable body變形體/elastic body彈性體4.member零件/gear齒輪/shaft軸/pulley皮帶輪/belt帶/cam凸輪/follower從動件/journal bearing滑動軸承5. mating surface配合；嚙合表面/oil fil

2、m油膜/metal-to-metalcontact直接接觸/overheating過熱/failure失效6.elastic彈性/plastic塑性/deformation變形7.interacting force相互作用力/magnitude大小/sense方向/scalar標量/Vector矢量/displacement位移/velocity速度/acceleration加速度/moment力矩/momentum動量（2）Simple Stress and Strain簡單的應力與應變P51.static load靜載荷 2. sustained load持續(xù)載荷3. impact loa

3、d沖擊載荷4. repeated load重復載荷5.fatigue load疲勞載荷/alternating load交變載荷6.vibration震動/damping force阻尼力7.axial load軸向載荷8. Stress應力/tensile stress拉伸應力/compressive stress壓縮應力9. Tension拉伸/compression壓縮10.strain應變/microstrain微應變11.cross-section橫截面12.engineering materials工程材料13. elastic limit彈性極限14. modulus of el

4、asticity/elastic modulus彈性模量（4）Overview of Engineering Mechanics機械工程的基本概況P121.functional requirement功能的需求2.durability耐用性/safety安全性/lifetime壽命/cost成本3.fastening/fastener緊固件4.fail/failure失效5.operating condition加工條件6.ideally理想的/idealize使理想/idealization理想7.strength of materials材料力學8.static靜止的；靜態(tài)的/dynami

5、c force動力？9.approximate/approximation接近（6）Shaft Design軸的設計P191.shear force剪力圖/bending moment diagram彎矩圖2.safe stress安全應力？3.heat treatment熱處理/quench淬火4.deflection偏轉(zhuǎn)；變形；偏轉(zhuǎn)角/torsional deflection扭轉(zhuǎn)角5.machinery shaft機床主軸/transmission shaft傳動軸/crankshaft曲軸6.vibration振動/torsional vibration扭轉(zhuǎn)振動7.journal bea

6、ring徑向軸承/self-aligning bearing調(diào)心軸承8.center of mass質(zhì)心9.centrifugal force離心力10.deflecting force偏轉(zhuǎn)力11.amplitude振幅（7）Fasteners and Springs連接件與彈簧P241.assembl裝配/disassembly拆卸/subassembly組件；部件2.rivet鉚接/weld焊接3.elastic deflection彈性變形4.clutch離合器5.brake制動裝置6.cam凸輪/follower從動件7.impact沖擊/shocck load沖擊載荷8.suspen

7、sion system spring懸掛系統(tǒng)/bumper spring減震彈簧9.steel鋼/silicon bronze硅青銅/brass黃銅/beryllium copper銅鋁合金10. helical coil spring螺旋形盤簧/torsion bar扭力桿/leaf spring彈簧片？11.wire金屬絲12. cold-wound？/hard-drawn冷拔的？/oil-tempered油回火/hot-rolled熱軋13.corrosion resistance抗腐蝕（8）Belt Drives and Chain Drives帶傳動與鏈傳動P281.electric

8、 motor電動馬達2.torque扭矩3.flat平帶/round圓帶/V帶/synchronous belt同步帶/pulley滑輪4.tensile force張緊力5.slip滑6.cast iron鑄鐵/steel鋼/stainless steel不銹鋼/bronze青銅7.evenly spaced teeth等鋸齒8.constant angular velocity ratio角速率9.chain鏈？/sprocket鏈/roller chain滾子鏈/pin銷10.belt drive皮帶傳動/chain drive鏈傳動/positive drive正傳動（11）Rolli

9、ng Bearing滾動軸承P421.rollerbearing滾動軸承/bearing elements軸承元件/inner ring內(nèi)圈/outer ring外圈/separator保持架/ball/bearing races軸承座圈2. radial bearing向心軸承/thrust bearing推力軸承/thrust ball bearing推力球軸承/tapered roller thrust bearing推力圓錐滾子軸承/deep groove ball bearing深溝球軸承3. radial load徑向載荷/axial load/thrust load軸向載荷4.s

10、tiffness剛度/deflection變形5.load rating額定載荷/load capacity承載能力/static load-carrying capacity靜態(tài)承載能力6.cooling arrangement冷卻裝置/sealing arrangement密封裝置7.friction摩擦/wear磨損/frictional drag摩擦阻力8.mass production/quantity production大批量生產(chǎn)9.through-hardened淬透/harden淬化10.metal fatigue金屬疲勞11.fit/interference fit過盈配合

11、12.housing座孔/internal clearance內(nèi)部間隙13.shoulder軸肩/radius半徑/chamfer倒角；圓角/stress concentration應力集中14.running quality運行質(zhì)量15.rolling element滾動體/raceway軸承座圈16.lubricant潤滑劑（14）Basic Concepts of Mechanisms機構的基本概念P531.link構件/rigid link剛性構件/linkage連桿機構/planarlinkage平面連桿機構/spatial linkage空間連桿機構2.kinematics運動學/

12、dynamics動力學/statics靜力學3.frame機架4.degree-of-freedom自由度5.kinematic pair運動副/lower and higher pairs高副和低副6.kinematic chain運動鏈7.kinematic inversion機架變換8.engine block發(fā)動機缸體/crankshaft曲軸/connecting rod連桿/piston活塞/（16）Wear and Lubrication磨損和潤滑P611.operating surface工作表面2.adhesive wear粘著磨損/adhesion粘著/asperity c

13、ontact輪廓峰/tangential force切向力/shear剪切/interface接觸面/strain hardening加工硬化/wear particle磨粒3.abrasive wear磨料磨損/microchip細小的切屑/filing挫削/grinding磨削4.corrosive wear腐蝕磨損/electrochemical reaction電化學反應5.fatigue wear疲勞磨損/cyclic loading交變載荷/alternating load交變載荷/rolling contact/spalling剝落/pitting點蝕/forging die鍛模

14、6.surface topography表面形貌7.running-in period磨合期/polishing拋光8.lubrication潤滑/lubricant潤滑劑9.thick-film lubrication厚模潤滑/thin-film lubrication薄膜潤滑/mixed lubrication混合潤滑/boundary lubrication邊界潤滑10.fluid film流體膜/boundary film邊界膜 /wedge effect楔效應/viscous fluid粘性流體/viscosity粘度（23）Lathes車床P901.lathes車床/engine

15、lathes普通車床/bench-type lathes臺式車床2.bed床身/headstock主軸箱/tailstock 尾座/carriage溜板箱/leadscrew絲杠/feed rod光杠3.turning車外圓/facing車端面/boring鏜孔/drilling鉆孔/reaming鉸孔4.setup安裝？5.operation操作6.machine tool機床7.bed/backbone支撐主要部分/well-normalized gray cast iron充分正火的灰鑄鐵/aged gray cast iron時效處理的灰鑄鐵/nodular cast iron有小圓塊

16、的灰鑄鐵/way導軌/surface hardened表面淬硬的8.workpiece工件/work9.headstock主軸箱/hollow spindle空心主軸/transmission gears變速齒輪/continuously variable speed無級變速/speed轉(zhuǎn)速10.heavy bearing重型軸承/preloaded tapered roller bearing預加載的圓錐滾子軸承/bar stock棒料/feed進給11.tailstock尾座/lower casting底板/upper casting尾座體/tailstock quill尾座套筒/inne

17、r way內(nèi)軌道12.size規(guī)格/swing最大回轉(zhuǎn)直徑/maximum distance between centers兩頂尖之間的最大距離13.heavy-duty重型的14. compound rest小刀架/built-in coolant circulating system內(nèi)置冷卻液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)15.quantity production批量生產(chǎn)（24）Drilling operation鉆孔P951.through hole通孔/blind hole盲孔2.cutting tool刀具/tool刀具/drill鉆頭/cutting edge刀刃/flute容屑槽/margin刃帶

18、3.electric hand drill/drilling machine4.twist drill麻花鉆頭/core drill擴孔鉆頭/carbide tipped drill硬質(zhì)合金鉆頭5.twist drill/body工作部分/neck頸部/shank柄部6.core drill/chamfer切削部分/body導向部分/flat end扁尾/neck頸部/shank柄部7.high-speed steel高速鋼8. large volume production批量生產(chǎn)9.boring鏜孔/vertical boring machine立式鏜孔/jig boring machin

19、e坐標鏜孔/horizontal boring machine臥式鏜床10.counterboring锪沉頭孔/bolt head螺栓頭/nut螺母11.spot facing端面孔/casting鑄件/forging鍛件12.countersinking锪錐孔/conical head screw圓錐頭螺釘/flathead screw平頭螺釘13.reaming鉸孔/reamer鉸刀14.bench-type drilling machine臺式鉆床/upright drilling machine立式鉆床/radial drill搖臂鉆床/column立柱；床身15. bench-typ

20、e drilling machine臺式鉆床/ bench工作臺/table工作臺/electric motor電動機/spindle主軸/feed lever進給手柄 16.upright drilling machine /cylindrical column /base底座/sliding table滑臺/axial feed motion軸向進給運動17.radial drill搖臂鉆床/cantilever guide arm/drilling head主軸箱 /cylindrical coordinate system柱面坐標系統(tǒng)(25)Machining機加工P1011.engi

21、ne lathes普通車床/turret lathes轉(zhuǎn)塔車床/automatic screw machines自動螺紋加工車床/automatic tracer lathes自動紡形車床2.tolerance公差/optimum tolerance最優(yōu)公差/economical tolerance經(jīng)濟公差/ close tolerance最小公差3. automatic screw machine /single-spindle automatics 單軸自動加工螺紋車床/multiple-spindle automatics多種自動螺旋加工車床4.screw螺釘/threaded part

22、s帶有螺紋的零件/precision parts精密零件5.surface roughness表面粗糙度6.turning車削/drilling鉆孔/milling銑削/grinding磨削/finishing operation精加工7.grinder磨床/cylindrical grinder外圓磨床/centerless grinder無心磨床/internal grinder內(nèi)圓磨床/surface grinder表面磨床/tool and cutter grinder工具磨床/thread grinder螺紋磨床/grinding wheel砂輪8.bore孔9.reciprocat

23、ing table往復式工作臺/rotating table旋轉(zhuǎn)工作臺10.large(high) production runs/mass production/smaller(low) quantities11.concentricity同心度12.pitch diameter中徑（26）Machine Tools機床P1071.engine lathe普通車床/bed床身/headstock主軸箱/tailstock尾座/carriage溜板箱/chuck卡盤/ spindle主軸/feed rod光杠/leadscrew絲杠/cross slide assembly橫刀架/tool p

24、ost刀架/cutting tool刀具/feed rate進給速度/depth of cut切削深度2.turret lathes六角車床；轉(zhuǎn)塔車床/turret轉(zhuǎn)塔/turning車外圓/boring鏜孔/drilling鉆孔/thread cutting螺紋切削/facing車端面3.screw machines自動螺紋加工車床/boring machines鏜床/milling machines銑床 /planer龍門刨床/shaper牛頭刨床/broaching machines拉床/drilling machines鉆床4.borer鏜床/boring machine鏜床5.fin

25、ished part精加工零件6.jig borer坐標鏜床/jig and fixture夾具 7.knee-and-column type milling machine升降臺式銑床/bed-type milling machine臥式銑床/planer type milling machine 龍門式銑床/universal dividing head萬能分度頭/milling cutter銑刀（28） Milling operations銑削P1161.milling machines/milling cutter/multi-edge tool多刃刀具/single-point cu

26、tter單刃刀具/rake and relief angle前角和后角/tool life刀具壽命2.turning車外圓/drilling鉆孔/shaping刨削3.heavy cut強力切削4.up(conventional) milling逆銑/down(climb) milling順銑5.rough cut粗加工6.depth of cut切削深度7.feed per tooth每齒進給量8.grind磨削/regrind刃磨9.plain milling cutter圓柱銑刀/face milling cutter端銑刀/slitting saw鋸片銑刀/side and face

27、cutter三面刃銑刀/angle milling cutter角度銑刀/T-slot cutter T型槽銑刀/end mill立銑刀/cutting tooth刀齒/cutter body刀體（35）Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes特種加工工藝P1531、 nontraditional manufacturing processes 2、alloy steel合金鋼 / carbide 硬質(zhì)合金/diamond 金剛石/ ceramics陶瓷3、machining rate加工速度 4、taper錐度5、deburr去毛刺/burr毛刺 6、ca

28、sting鑄件7、electric motor電動機8、sawing鋸/ drilling鉆孔/ broaching拉孔/ forming operation成型加工 9、electric arc電弧焊 10、electrochemical reaction電化學反應 11、plasma 等離子 12、magnetic field 磁場13、shock wave 沖擊波14、electric spark電火花/ high-frequency sound wave and beam of electrons 高頻聲波電子束15、product/productivity生產(chǎn)率16、reject 廢

29、品17、workpiece 工件18、 growth rate 增長率19、conventional process 傳統(tǒng)加工20、removal rate 去除率21、in-process 加工過程中的22、parameter 參數(shù)23、adaptive control 自適應的24、laser gage 激光測量儀器25、inspection technique 檢查技術二、翻譯：1、P90.It usually is made of well-normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy ,rigid

30、frame on which all the other basic components are mounted.床身通常用充分正火或時效處理的灰鑄鐵或球墨鑄鐵制成，其他的零部件都安裝在這一剛性機架上。2.P91.Essentially,it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gearssimilar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of

31、 speeds.主軸箱主要由空心的主軸和一系列的變速齒輪組成，主軸安裝在精密軸承上，變速齒輪類似于卡車的變速箱，使主軸獲得各種不同的轉(zhuǎn)速。3.P91.The size of this hole is an important dimension of a lathe because it determines the maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle.該孔的大小是車床的一個重要尺寸，當棒料必須通過主軸進給時，它決定了棒料的最大尺寸。4.P93.

32、It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways.車床床面上最大加工直徑大約為兩頂尖的連線與導軌上最近點之間距離的兩倍。5.P93.Because of the time required for changing and setting tools and for making measurements on the workpiece由于安裝更換刀具以及測量工件所需要的時間太長6.P95.Drilling

33、 involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece .鉆孔是利用繞自身軸線旋轉(zhuǎn)的鉆頭在工件上加工出通孔或者盲孔的工藝。7.P95.The function of the flutes is to provide outlet passages for the chips generated during the drilling operation and also to allow lu

34、bricant and coolants to reach the cutting edges and the surface being machined.容屑槽的作用是為鉆孔過程中產(chǎn)生的碎屑提供排出的通道，同時也使?jié)櫥秃屠鋮s液能夠到達切削刃以及加工表面。8.P95.This type of drill is characterized by greater productivity ,high machining accuracy, and superior quality of the drilled surface.這種鉆頭生產(chǎn)率高，機加工精度高，鉆孔表面質(zhì)量好。9.P98.Alon

35、g that column is an additional ,sliding table for fixing the workpiece which can be locked in position at any desired height.立柱上有上下滑動的工作臺，用以固定工件，工作臺可以鎖緊在任意需要的高度。10.P101.Tolerances for the workpieces produced on the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator.在普通車床上加工的工件的公差主要取決于操作者的技能水

36、平。11. P102.Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic screw machine.批量大小決定了用自動螺紋加工車床加工零件的經(jīng)濟性。12. P104.For example, wherever possible the production economy of centerless grinding should be taken advantage of by proper design consideration.在可能的情況下，應該通過適當?shù)脑O

37、計盡可能利用無心磨削的經(jīng)濟性。13.P107.The cutting operation is performed at a certain desired peripheral speed of the workpiece, feed rate, and depth of cut.車削時，工件有一定的圓周線速度，車刀有一定的進給速度和切削深度。14. P107.The movements and controls are actuated by various mechanical means (such as cams) and numerical and computer control

38、s, 多種多樣的機械方法和數(shù)字與電腦控制驅(qū)動自動車床的移動和控制。15.P108.There is a large selection of milling machines (developed in the 1860s) available with numerous features. The basic types are outlined below.銑床產(chǎn)生于19世紀60年代，種類很多，主要種類如下：16.P108.Bed-type milling machines have the table mounted on a bed (replacing the knee) and t

39、he table can move only in 床身式銑床的工作臺安裝在床身上（代替升降臺），工作臺只能移動17.P107.These machines are simple and rigidly constructed and are used for high-quantity production. 這些銑床結(jié)構簡單，剛性好，用于大批量生產(chǎn)。18.There are a great variety of turret lathes available for different purposes. 轉(zhuǎn)塔車床有多種，用于不同的加工。19.These machines are eith

40、er horizontal or vertical ,and are available with a variety of features for boring and facing operations.鏜床有臥式的，也有立式的，具有各種不同特點，用于鏜孔及端面加工。20. Other types of milling machines are also available, such as the planer type for heavy work and machines for special purposes.銑床也有其它種類，例如用于加工重型工件的龍門銑床及專用銑床。21.I

41、n milling , the workpiece is fed into a rotating milling cutter , which is a multi-edge tool as shown in Fig. 28.1. 銑削如圖28.1所示，工件做直線進給運動的同時，銑刀做旋轉(zhuǎn)運動進行銑削加工，銑刀是多刃刀具。22. Since a few of the cutting edges are engaged with the workpiece at a time, heavy cuts can be taken without adversely affecting the too

42、l life.由于同時有幾個切削刃進行切削，所以銑削屬于強力切削，但不會縮短刀具壽命。23.This tends to lift the workpiece from the table.逆銑對工件有上抬作用。24.Since the hard outer scale will damage the cutter. 由于（這些零件的）外層氧化皮會損壞刀具。25. The human race has distinguished itself from all other forms of life by using tools and intelligence to create items

43、that serve to make life easier and more enjoyable.人類利用工具和智慧制造出使生活變得更方便和更舒適的物品，從而把他們自己與其他的生命形式區(qū)別開來。26.Considering the relative simplicity of the items being made and the materials that were being shaped ,stone were adequate. 由于制造的物品及加工的材料相對簡單,用石器就可以了.27. The twentieth century has seen the creation of

44、 products made from the most durable and, consequently, the most difficult-to-machine materials in history.在20世紀中，已經(jīng)有了一些有史以來最耐用，同時也是最難以加工的材料制造的產(chǎn)品。28. Is there a way to efficiently deburr passageways inside complex castings and guarantee 100% that no burrs were missed？有沒有方法能有效地去除復雜鑄件內(nèi)部通道內(nèi)的毛刺并且能百分百地保證

45、沒有毛刺漏下？ 29.Is there a welding process that can eliminate the thermal damage now occurring to my product? 有沒有對產(chǎn)品不會造成熱影響的焊接工藝？30.Since the 1940s, a revolution in manufacturing has been taking place （that once again allows manufacturers to meet the demands imposed by increasingly sophisticated designs and durable, but in many cases nearly unmachinable, materials). 從20世紀40年代以來，制造業(yè)已經(jīng)在進行一場變革,這次變革又一次促使制造廠家去滿足日益復雜的設計方案和耐用材料所