三級英語語法重點

1、.word 格式.專業(yè).專注三級英語語法重點第一節(jié)動詞的時態(tài)：講 12 種特別關(guān)注：1、一般現(xiàn)在時的特殊用法；2、一般過去時；3、過去進行時 4、現(xiàn)在完成時 5、過去完成時；6、將來完成時；7、現(xiàn)在完成進行完成時；8、過去完成進行時。一、一般現(xiàn)在式：特殊用法：在時間狀語、條件狀語從句（if, unless）中表示將來的動作：A.時間狀語（before, after, untill, as soon as, when） :They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _finish_their exams.When the mixtu

2、res heated , it will give off a powerful force.34. ” When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”As soon as D.we complete our work for tomorrow.（03/11 試 A）B.條件狀語（if, unless）:We ll go fishing if w eather is good tomorrow.D。改為 is free。when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。2000 年試題 AI can t go to your birt

3、hday party unless my father agrees.除非我爸爸同意，否則我去不了你的生日會二、一般過去時：（要掌握常用不規(guī)則動詞的過去式及過去分詞形式,40 個左右）1、 簡單陳述去過的動作或狀態(tài)：would do2、 used to do sth過去常常做（現(xiàn)在不做了 ）;be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做.現(xiàn)在還在做）We used to swim in the river when we were in the countryside.我們過去常在河里游泳。（現(xiàn)在不了）The old man is used to getting up early in the

4、morning.老人習(xí)慣早起3、It is time sin（從句引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，since 后謂語動詞用一般過去時（自從以來）54. No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since itC. tookplace .02 年 A 卷 三、一般將來時1、 will （shall） +原形動詞：表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例：He will come and help you.他會來幫助你的。2、 be going to + 動詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做

5、的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture?你打算去聽這個演講嗎 ？3、 be to +動詞原形：強調(diào)按安排或計劃命令要求命中注定的動作The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三環(huán)路將在國慶節(jié)前通車。You are to do your homework.你必須先做作業(yè)Your plan is to fail.你的計劃注定失敗4、 用某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表達根據(jù)計劃、安排而將于近期（將來）發(fā)生的事情，代表動詞：go ,come,start, stop, arrive

6、, leave, play 等We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我們明天動身去北京 。.word 格式.專業(yè).專注5、一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來（見前一、一般現(xiàn)在時）四、現(xiàn)在進行時1、 表示說話時（現(xiàn)階段）正在進行的動作。The teacher is talking with his students.這位老師正在同他的學(xué)生交談表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，但此刻并不一定在進行。I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京參加一個會議。2、 表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，但往往帶有欣賞、厭惡等的感情色彩He is always

7、thinking of others first. 他總是先為別人著想 。（欣賞）Why are you always leaving things behind.你怎么總是丟三落四的（厭惡）3、 描述某人一時的表現(xiàn)，通常用動詞 be 的進行時態(tài)She is being friendly today.她今天很友善。（平時不這樣）五、 過去進行時was/were doing表示在過去某一段時間正在進行的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時間I fell and hurt myself while I _ A. was playing_ tennis.（ 98 年 43 題）重點：w

8、hen 和 while 的區(qū)別when 表示時間上的點，引導(dǎo)的句子用一般過去時while 表示持續(xù)的一段時間，引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進行時六、現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done（過去分詞）1、表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間完成完成并對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作或狀態(tài)常和 just, already, so far, yet, up tonow, up to the present, recently, lately, in the past few years 我看過這個電影。（我了解電影的內(nèi)容）2、表示過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)歷或習(xí)慣等，通常和延續(xù)性動詞連用I have seeen the film

9、.to be, teach, workHe has lived here for 30 years.連用。stay, study, live,常用-since， even since 弓 I 導(dǎo)的短語或從句，或由 for 引導(dǎo)的短語連用。他住在這兒已經(jīng)三十年了（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）Have you even been to Tibet?你去過西藏嗎？.word 格式.專業(yè).專注C。應(yīng)改為 have had difficulty主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。（20013、固定句式 :it is the first/second/last time that +。因為ever年試題）延續(xù)性動詞過去完成時It i

10、s the first time that I have met Jane.那是我第一次見到簡。（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我離開上海已經(jīng)三年了4、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時Jone has lived Landon for 10 years.現(xiàn)在還住Jone lived Landon for 10 years.曾經(jīng)住，現(xiàn)在不在了七、過去完成時had done1、表示在過去的某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作when 等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或從句表示。When I arrived he had left.我到那他剛走（即過去的過去）?？捎?by,

11、 uptill, before, after,40When I went to visit Mrs.Smithlast week, I was told she D. had left tow daysbefore.（0311 試 A）2、沒有時間狀語時，時間先后收上下文表示I didn t know he had moved out.我不知.word 格式.專業(yè).專注特別關(guān)注：不定式的被動式，由主動變被動時 to 的特殊處理相關(guān)知識：A、及物動詞和不及物動詞及物動詞：后面可直接加賓語（名詞、動名詞、人稱代詞的賓格、數(shù)詞） 不及物動詞：后面不可直接加賓語，+介詞+3、 特殊用法：(1 )和 b

12、efore 連用,表示還沒來得及就She wept before I had realized what was happening.我還沒明白怎么回事之前她就哭了(2) It was the first/second/last time that +過去完成時It was the first time (that) they had tried foreign food.這是他們第一次吃西餐。4、 常用在 no sooner than ，hardly/scarcely/barely一就。句型中, 句子至 U 裝I had no sooner returned than he called.八

13、、將來完成時：表示在將來某一時間以前已完成或發(fā)生的動作By the end of next month, he will have been here for 10 years.到下個月為止，他在這住了 10 年了24、 I _D.shall have finished _ writing the article by the time you get. (00)30. By next year he A. has worked in New York for five years.(0411A)九、現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示從過去某時一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作have/has been doingWe

14、have been waiting for you for an hour.我們等了你一小時了 。（動作到此為止，不持續(xù)下去）I have been learning English for 10 years.我學(xué)英語 10 年了。（還要繼續(xù)學(xué)下去）十、過去將來時：表示相對于過去的將來，多見于間接引語岀現(xiàn)在閱讀或完型中形式: would do或 was/were going to doHe said that he would watch his car the next day.他說明天要洗車。He said that he was going to watch his car the ne

15、xt day.十、過去完成進行時：表示過去某一時刻以前一直延續(xù)的的動作had been doingThey had been waiting for an hour before the bus came.64. Even though Sedat has been studying English for three years before came to the United States , Itis still difficult for him to expresshimself.B. has been 改為 had been(0304A)十二、將來完成進行時：表示將來某一時刻以前

16、一直進行的動作By next month he will have been working in out factory for 30 years.到下個月他在我們工廠工作41. By the time you house.30 年了。arrive this evening,D. I willhave been studyingfortwo(04第二節(jié) 被動語態(tài)to do sth.般集中在挑錯題中.word 格式.專業(yè).專注賓語.word 格式.(0311)專業(yè).專注有些動詞在不同的句子中既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。water49. These part-time students e

17、xpect to to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. （0404A）答：A,改為 to be offed 。 offer 為及物動詞，后面必須有賓語，若后面賓語，應(yīng)是被動句B、行為動詞與系動詞行為動詞：表示實際動作，包括表示思維活動的詞：want, think 等系動詞：表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，be 動詞、可放在形容詞前的某些動詞：get、run、turn、smell一、何種情況下可使用被動語態(tài)：1，強調(diào)動作的接受者。The kitchen is shared by the three of us.

18、廚房是我們?nèi)擞肍ootball is played over of the world.世界各地都踢足球2，不知道或沒必要說明的執(zhí)行者是誰。The data have been computerized for two years now.這些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)由計算處理兩年了。These books are written for children.這些書是兒童讀物3，岀于禮貌、措辭婉轉(zhuǎn)等原因不方便、不愿意說明動作的執(zhí)行者。I was told that you are very lazy.我聽人說你很懶。The car was damaged.車撞壞了4，避免變換主語，以求行文流暢。He appe

19、ared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience. 他岀現(xiàn)在舞臺上時，觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。二、使用被動高不成低不就需要注意的問題1，不定式的被動式to be done當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式表示的動作的接受者，用被動式He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.他要求派去西藏工作I want to do some shopping tomorrow.It s an honour for me to be invited to speak here today.很榮幸被邀請Are you goin

20、g to the meeting to be held at 6:00?你要參加 6 點的會嗎？22. The famous novel is said _ C. to have been translated _ into Chinese.本句是動詞不定式的完成、被動式。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式表示的動作的對象時2000 年時），不定式一般要用被動式不定式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前如:He is notlikely to have beentoldtheresult.這個結(jié)果可能還（或是動作的承受.word 格式.(0311)專業(yè).專注18. The forest fir

21、e caused by the volcano is difficult to be2，某些動詞由主動變被動時不定式符號” t（的處理7 個感觀動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, listen to, hear,fell;3 個使役動詞 let, have 讓,make17. We shall ask for samplesA and then we can make our decision.(0311)A. to be sentB. being sentC. to setD. to have been sentA. put offB. put awayC. pu

22、t outD. put up34. The question C at the meeting tomorrow is very important.(0411)A. to discussB. being discussedC. to be discussedD. will be discussed.word 格式.專業(yè).專注56. The teacher has his students_a composition every other week.(2000)A. to write B. written C. writing D. writeD。have sb do sth讓某人做某事。h

23、ave 此處為使役動詞,后面接賓補的時候省 to58. The middle-aged man was seen_out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. come C. to come D. have comeCo感官動詞 feel，hear，see，watch 等后面接賓補的時候，要用無 to 不定式。但如果句子是主語的補足語的話，要加上 too(2000)3,短語動詞的被動語態(tài)。 動詞后面接一個介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語，將其看成一個及物動詞The children are well looked after.這些孩子得

24、到了很好的照顧。（介）The meeting has been put off till next week.會議被推遲至 U 下周 。（副）注意：不是所有短的語動詞都有被動語態(tài)，判斷：相連的介詞或副詞不能折開4,帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones.壞事有時可變好事5,被動語態(tài)后可接從句或W +不定式He was told that his father was sick. 他被告知他父親病了 A assistant of the shop was asked where to fi

25、nd the manager.6,特殊句型be said/reported to have done 據(jù)說 / 據(jù)報道22. The famous novel is said_ into Chinese.A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translated答 Co本句是動詞不定式的完成、被動式。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式表示的動作的對象時（或是動作的承受者時），不定式一般要用被動式。不定式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前。如：Heis not likely to have been told the

26、result.這個結(jié)果可能還沒有告訴 他。 （2000） 7， get +動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，多用于口語或非正式書面語中He had some pictures taken in the park.他在公園里照了幾張像 。（別人給他照的48. I have taken many photos. Im going to get the film_.A. being developedB. developing C. developed D. to be developed答：Co過去分詞在動詞have, get 兩詞后面作賓補時，常常表示這個動作不是由主語完成的，而是由別人完成的。（200

27、1）第三節(jié)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度，無人稱變化，在句子中和動詞原形 一起構(gòu)成謂語。著重測驗情態(tài)動詞接完成時的用法。一、must + have done表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的有把握的猜測。58、 I believe he_ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.(D,01)A. would have had B. could have hadC. should have had D. must have had47. Something must have happened on t

28、heir way here. Or they_ by now.(02)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. would have arrived D. would arrive答：Co第一句是 must+have + 過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對過去事實的推測 。The road is wet. It must haveD. to translate.word 格式.專業(yè).專注rained last night.路是濕的， 昨晚上肯定下雨了 。 因此我們可以推斷： 這是一個和過去的事實相反的虛擬語 氣。 should +have+ 過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示

29、對過去動作的責(zé)備 、批評。女口： You should have gone over your lessons.你應(yīng)當(dāng)把功課復(fù)習(xí)好的。但是此句只是一個表示和過去的事實相反的虛擬句子，并沒有責(zé)備的意思本句意思：路上肯定岀事了，否則他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了 。因此正確答案應(yīng)是 C.35. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, itlast night.（C,0411）A. must rainB. was rainingC. must have rainedD. may rainmay + have done對過去發(fā)生的事情的較有把握的猜測，也許

30、“22.1 can t find the recorder in the room. It C may have been taken by somebody.（0311）二、should (ought to) + have done含有對過去的動作的責(zé)備、批評意思肯定表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做26、 I m sorry I couldn t get in touch with him before he left, I_him earlier. 000A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phonedD. should be phon

31、ed36、You ought to B to have reported the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.否定式表示不該做的事情做了They should not have left so soon.他們不應(yīng)該這么早就走的She was very unhappy. You ought not to have hurt her feeling.她當(dāng)時夠難受了你不應(yīng)該再傷害她三、would (not) have done表示過去沒有完成的動作，多和虛擬語氣連用，不含批評意思45. Mary said to me,“ Had I

32、seen your bag, I it to you.”(D,0404)A. will returnB. must returnC. could returnD. would have returned四、could + have done表示過去存在的某種可能性，但這種可能性由于客觀條件限制沒能實現(xiàn) 。表示對過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾。You could have made a more detailed plan.你本可以做出更詳盡的計劃。He could have joined us, but he didn t get our inmeation in t他本來能夠參加我們的，

33、但是他沒有收到我們的請貼。第四節(jié) 虛擬語氣（每次考試一般占 4 一 5 分）所表示的條件根本不可能實現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小，稱為虛擬條件句。虛擬條件句，主句與從句中謂語動詞的形式可分為下面三類：假設(shè)類型條件從句動詞的時態(tài)結(jié)果主句的動詞的時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在事實相反if +過去式（be 只用 were 不用 was） would/should/might/could +動詞原型與過去事實相反if had + 去過分詞would/should/might/could + have+ 過去分詞與將來事實可能相反if were to + 動詞原形 if should + 動詞原形would/should/migh

34、t/could +動詞原型一、在條件句中的應(yīng)用：.word 格式.專業(yè).專注If he had time, he would come.如果有時間，他一定來。（已經(jīng)過去）A.現(xiàn)在事實.word 格式.專業(yè).專注I would certainly go if I had time.如果我有時間當(dāng)然去 。If he were here, he might help you.如果他在這也許幫能你。1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I_him.(C, 95 年)A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. knowB. 過

35、去事實59、 If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.(C, 95 年)A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. cameC. 將來事實we would state at home if it should rain tomorrow.If I were to do the examination I would it some other way.注意條件從句中，如果含有 be 動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞，had, should 或動詞 to have，可省略 if，要倒裝，即把 這些詞放到主語

36、前面。1._ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.(B, 96 年)A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized57. Had the weather been good, the children_out for a walk.(2001)A. had goneB. could have goneC. would goD. went答：Bo當(dāng)虛擬語氣中含有were, had, should, wo

37、uld 等詞時，可以省略 if,把這些詞放在主語之前。Should I meet her, I would tell her. 萬一我見到他， 我會告訴他的。Were I in your position, I would do it better.如果我處在你的位置上 ， 我會做的更好。Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.如果他們準(zhǔn)備了的話，他們應(yīng)該能成功的。本句為和過去的事實相反的虛擬語氣，因此選 Bo32.the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered su

38、ch a heavy loss in hisbusiness.(D, 0404)A. If he tookB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken條件從句有時可以用介詞短語代替。有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣 的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用 with， without ，but forWe couldn t have achieved so much without your help.要不是你們幫忙我們不會取得這么大的成績36. But for my classmates helpe work in t

39、ime.A. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not finish32. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earthwell.A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grown條件從句有時可以用介詞短語代替。有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣 的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用 with， without ，but forWe couldn hstve achieved so much without your help.要不是你

40、們幫忙我們不會取得這么大的成績36. But for my classmates help, I the work in time.(D, 0404)二、以 wish (that)引導(dǎo)的表示 愿望”的賓語從句，虛擬語氣中時態(tài)類似在非真實條件從句中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用一時態(tài)后移，引導(dǎo)從句的 that 可以省略表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿喾吹挠眠^去時：主語+ wish +從句(過去時)were(D, 0404)D. would not have finished(A, 0411)D. would not be grownA. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not

41、 finishD. would not have finished32. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earthwell.(A,0411)A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grownD. would not be grown.word 格式.專業(yè).專注I wish （that） I were as young as you. 我真希望和你們一樣年青I wish （that） I knew his address.我真希望知道他的地址與將來的愿望相反即愿望難以實現(xiàn)（用過去將來時），1 w

42、ish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我將來有點用處。表示與過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望用過去完成時主語+ wish +從句（主語+過去完成時）Iwished he hadn made the big mistake.他要是不犯那個大錯誤，該有多好！32. Peter wishes thathelaw instead ofliterature when he was in college.(C, 2000)A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. wouldstudy53. I didn go to thepart

43、y,but I do wishIthere.(C, 2001)A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be三、以 suggest , propose, order, command, demand , require , request, insist, desire, advise, ask 等詞 后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)為 should+動詞原形,should 可省略They requested that the students (should) learn the second language.他們要求學(xué)生要學(xué)第二外語。1、 The doct

44、or advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. hadB. would haveC. haveD. was going to have(C,98年）58、His motherinsisted that hethe coat when goingout.(A, 99 年)A. put onB. puts onC. to putD.putting on51. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical condition

45、 as soon as possible. 答案：C,改為 be told,(2003/11)42. The doctor advised her that sheenough rest before going back to work.A. to get B. get C. gets D. got(B, 0401)四、在某些主語從句中的虛擬語氣It isthat 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+原形動詞，should 可以省略。suggest , propose, order, require, desire, askIt is +形容詞+ that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，從

46、句的謂語動詞要用should+原形動詞，should 可以省略。important, necessary, vital, desirable, preferable, advisable, urgent, esseneial, requested ， orderedIt is strange that he (should ) go himself.真奇怪，他怎么自己獨自去呢 ？29、It desired that she _to teach us at least twice a week.(C, 97 年)A. comesB. will comeC. comeD. may come43、I

47、t is desirable that he _.( B, 2000 )A.gives up trying B.give up trying C.would give up trying D.is going to give up trying45、 It urgent that a meeting _before the final decision is made. (C, 2003)答案：Do應(yīng)改為 havesuggest, insist, order, demand,request,command,require 等動詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，要用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞要 should（可以省略）

48、 +原形動詞(2002).word 格式.專業(yè).專注A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged.word 格式.專業(yè).專注24. It vital that enough moneycollected to get the project started.A. isB. beC. must beD. can be(B, 0411)五、 在某些表語從句和同位語從句中的應(yīng)用，形式：should +動詞原形,should 可省略。表語前及同位語 that 前的名詞:suggestion, pr

49、oposal, motion, order, request，plan, idea, adviceMy suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.我的建議是我們派幾個人去幫助其他小組。47.Her suggestion that everybody _was not appreciated.(A,同位語從句，2001)A. sing a song B. sang a song C. sung a song D. singing a song48.The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important tasks.(B,表語從句,2002)A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have lef