2012年最新出版自考英語(二)講義 Unit 4 The Joy of Work

1、2013年自考“英語（二）”備考資料（新版教材 unit 4） Unit 4 The Joy of WorkI. New words and expressionsNew words1. blessing n. 好事；有益之事2. subsistence n. 勉強維持生活；生計3. sugar cane n. 甘蔗4. corn n. 玉米5. hog n. 豬6. cash n. 現(xiàn)金7. dairy adj. 乳品業(yè)的；生產(chǎn)乳品的 n. 牛奶場；乳制品區(qū)分：dairy / diary8. complain v. 抱怨；埋怨；發(fā)牢騷complaintcomplain to sb. abou

2、t plain of a splitting headache9. carpenter n. 木工；木匠10. committed adj. 盡心盡力的：堅信的；堅定的commit an errorcommit a crimecommit suicidecommit oneself to (doing) sth.be committed to (doing) mitment11. brick n. 磚；磚塊12. hammer n. 錘子；榔頭13. escort n. 護送者；護衛(wèi)隊14. remind v. 提醒；使想起15. victim n. 受害者；犧牲品

3、fall victim to sth.16. ideology n. 意識形態(tài)：觀念形態(tài)17. terrorism n. 恐怖主義18. depression n. 蕭條期；經(jīng)濟衰退；不景氣depressdepressed 沮喪的；蕭條的19. unrest n. 動蕩；動亂；騷動20. illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；違法的il是in的變體，否定前綴，再如：illogicalir, im都是in的變體，如：irregular, irresponsible, imbalanced, impossible, immobile21. immigrant n.（外來）移民；外僑22. t

4、rafficking n. 非法交易；非法買賣c結(jié)尾的詞變形時先加k，如trafficker, panicker, picnicker, trafficking, panicking23. dealer n. 販毒者；毒品販子deal in sth.car / drug dealerdeal with sth.24. gang n. 一幫，一群，一伙（鬧事、斗毆的年輕人）25. contribute v. 增加；增進；添加（到某物）26. quit v. 停止；戒掉Phrases and Expressions1. bring in 賺得；掙2. eke out a living 竭力維持生計

5、；勉強度日3. sink in 被完全理解；被充分意識到4. look forward to （高興地）盼望，期待5. over and over again 多次；反復(fù)地；一再6. be prepared for 準備好；有所準備7. believe in 認為某事好（對、可接受）II. Text LearningWork Is a Blessing I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents' subsistence farm（自給自足的農(nóng)場）. We grew c

6、otton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn't bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week. In the kitchen

7、 one Saturday before daylight, I riiber complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing." I looked at those two men who'd worked harder than I ever had - my father eking out a living on that farm, and my

8、grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. (1)I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.（承上、總結(jié)的話） Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me if I picked something to

9、 study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work. But he also added, "Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all." I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC（美）后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊，預(yù)備役軍官訓(xùn)練營（Reserve Officers' Training Corps） program to help pay for college

10、. (2)And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days. 本部分重點及難點：1. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in. 我有種感覺-父親跟我說了一些確實重要的東西，但許多年后我才真正理解。sink i

11、n: be understoodIt took many years for the teachers' words to sink in.2. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.(1) an obligation to the Army 對于部隊的義務(wù)(2) a way of life 生活方式(3) stay / be committed

12、to 致力于He has been committed to working for the people heart and soul for more than twenty years.(4) 譯文：當時的"義務(wù)"從軍便成為了我的生活方式-我在部隊服役長達37 年三個月零三天。 In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh milit

13、ary escort why they weren't using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she'd earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. (3)And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a

14、 small family alive. It riinded me of my father's words: to work is a blessing.（承上、總結(jié)的句子）本部分重點及難點：3. And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive.此處疑似錯句，應(yīng)省略前面的as，即改為：And bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. 雖然她的工作實在很糟糕

15、，但那卻足夠養(yǎng)活一個小家庭。as意為"雖然"，用于倒裝，句式如下：Though he is very young, he is very learned.=Young as he is, he is very learned.Though he is an old man, he is very energetic.=Old man as he is, he is very energetic.Though I like him very much, I won't do his homework for him.=Much as I like him, I won

16、't do his homework for him.Though he tried, he failed again.=Try as he did, he failed again.請認真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】7. _, he is very gentle and has a sweet voice.A As he is boyB As he is a boyC A boy as he isD Boy as he is【答案】D【解析】本題考查as用于倒裝句。Although/though he is a boy=boy as he is，這里一定要注意的是

17、修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式的不定冠詞要省略。這句話的意思是"雖然他是個男孩，他非常溫和而且聲音甜美。"【知識點】as用于倒裝句 Serving in the United States Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I've come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They're victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor he

18、alth, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the street gang mibers. I've seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can hav

19、e a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we are free. （總結(jié)概括的句子）We are blessed. I don't think I'll ever quit working. I'm retired from the Army, but I'm still working to help people b

20、e prepared for disasters. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I'm not going to stop. I believe in my father's words. I believe in the blessing of work.III. 部分練習(xí)講解P168 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You ma

21、y choose a suitable one from the list given.解題方法：把詞分類動詞 名詞 形容詞improve weight stressedcheck out priority differentclearing away routine routinearrive routeWe all get the Monday blues from time to time, but there are ways to 1 improveyour working life and be happy at work. If you're going through

22、a rough patch（經(jīng)歷難關(guān)，經(jīng)歷一段困難時期） at work or are lacking job satisfaction, 2 check outthese ways to boost your mood and have a happier work day.If your workday often leaves you feeling 3 stressed and overwhelmed, it is time to calm things down by getting more organized. Firstly, make sure you 4 arrive a

23、few minutes early for work to give you time to organize your tasks for the day and get mentally prepared. Secondly, organize your space by 5 clearing awayany clutter and streamlining your workspace. Finally, make a list of everything that you need to do that day in order of 6 priority. lf you can, t

24、ry taking care of the more difficult things first to help take a 7 weightoff your mind.Variety is the spice of life, and this is never truer than when it comes to your working day. Following the same 8 routineday in, day out can quickly cause boredom and dissatisfaction to set in, so try making ever

25、y day a little 9 differentin any way you can. Try doing routine tasks in a different order, talking to someone new or taking a different 10 routeto work. If you really can't shake up（重組） your workday itself, instead try organizing something fun and different to do on your lunch break every so of

26、ten.I. New words and expressionsNew words1. paradox n. 矛盾的人（或事情、情況）2. simultaneous adj. 同時發(fā)生（或進行）的；同步的3. reward n. 獎勵；回報；報酬4. entrepreneur n. 創(chuàng)業(yè)者；企業(yè)家5. exclude v. 把排斥在外；防止進入；阻止參加6. tragic adj. 悲慘的；悲痛的；可悲的tragedytragedian 悲劇演員，悲劇作家comedy7. passion n. ?烈情感；激情passionate8. sound adj. 明智的；合理的；正確的；可靠的9. p

27、rocess n.（為達到某一目標的）過程；進程10. crucial adj. 至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵的11. privileged adj. 榮幸的；幸運的12. motivation n. 動機；原因13. prioritize v. 按重要性排列；劃分優(yōu)先順序priorpriority-r （+ity構(gòu)成名詞），再如：regularity, similarity, familiarity, popularity14. pattern n. 模式；方式15. strategy n. 策劃；規(guī)劃；部署；統(tǒng)籌安排16. routine n. 常規(guī)；正常順序17. sight n. 視力范圍；視野1

28、8. solely adv. 僅；只：惟；單獨地19. logistics n. 后勤；物流；組織工作20. locally adv. 在本地21. competitor n. （尤指商業(yè)方面的）競爭者，對手compete with/against sb. for petitivecompetitorcompetition22. room n. 可能性；機會There is still a lot of room for progress.23. niche n. （商品的）商機；市場定位24. unique adj. 獨特的；罕見的25. survive v. 生存；存活；繼續(xù)

29、存在survive a fire / a war / a flood / an accident / an earthquakesurvive a personsurvivorsurvivalHe is one of the lucky survivors in this accident.Darwin's Theory of Evolution can be characterized as survival of the fittest.26. client n. 客戶；顧客27. finance n. （個人、組織、國家的）財力，財源，財務(wù)管理28. purchase n. 購買

30、；采購29. obligation n. （已承諾的或法律等規(guī)定的）義務(wù)，責(zé)任30. down payment n. （分期付款的）首期付款；預(yù)付金；定金31. mortgage n. 按揭；按揭貸款32. trash can n. 垃圾桶33. garage n. 停車房；車庫34. fixture n. 固定設(shè)施35. landscape v. 對做景觀美化；美化的環(huán)境36. exceed v. 超過（數(shù)量）37. boundary n. 邊界；界限；分界線38. exhaustive adj. 詳盡的；徹底的39. viability n. 可行性40. run （使）運轉(zhuǎn)，運行；操作4

31、1. assume v. 假定；假設(shè)；認為assumption42. alleviate v. 減輕；緩和；緩解43. seasoned adj. 富有經(jīng)驗的；老于此道的44. offer v. 主動提出；愿給予45. aspire v. 渴望（成就）；有志（成為）aspirationinspirationperspirationrespirationEdison once said genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.46. various adj. 各種不同的；各種各樣的varyvariety47. counsel n. 勸告；忠告；

32、建議48. makeshift adj. 臨時替代的；權(quán)宜的49. license n. 許可證；許可證；執(zhí)照50. presence n. 存在；出現(xiàn)51. unparalleled adj. 無比的；無雙的；空前的；絕無僅有的52. professional adj. 職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的53. career n. 生涯；職業(yè)54. feed v. 滿足（希望、愿望、欲望等）Phrases and Expressions1. lie in 存在；在于2. bargain for 預(yù)料到；料想到3. be/feel obliged to do sth. 榮幸地做某事4. bringto the t

33、able 帶來（好處）5. at/in/to the forefront of 處在最前列；進入重要地位6. in plain sight 顯而易見7. getup 安排；組織8. seek out 尋求9. in place 在工作；準備就緒10. apply for （通常以書面形式）申請，請求II. Text LearningHow to Start Your Own Business1 The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an

34、 experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude thiselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it.（承上句） By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chance

35、s of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.（承上啟下句）2 1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To

36、be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize thi.（承上啟下句）When you see thi listed, you might see a pattern in that you're just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn't the answer.3 2. Identi

37、fy your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. (1)If you keep your passion in plain sight, you w

38、ill stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.4 3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche

39、market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirients for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business

40、 alive.5 4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations （債務(wù)）extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener（車庫門遙控開關(guān)）, light fixtures and landscaping equipment（景觀美化設(shè)備）, and before y

41、ou know it, you've far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive（詳盡的） financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor（財政顧問） or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.6 5. Identify