(完整)初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)精講

1、初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)全套精講一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語： every111, sometimes, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)?。注意?此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在

2、時(shí)。例： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back

3、. 第二句中的now 是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5) 構(gòu)成及變化be 動(dòng)詞的變化肯定句：主語 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語 +其它。 如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?行為動(dòng)詞的變化當(dāng)主語為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原

4、形(+其它)。 如： We often play basketball after school.否定句：主語 + don't+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。 如：we don' t play basketball after school.一般疑問句：Do +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do 開頭的一般疑問句? 如： What do you often do after school ?當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),助

5、動(dòng)詞為does肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。如：He swims well.否定句：主語+ doesn' t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如： He doesn t swim well.一般疑問句：Does +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如： Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句？如： How does your father go to work?第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動(dòng)詞才用三單式)(1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s:runs gets likes

6、 collets takes plays climbs(2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母，結(jié)尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音：將y改為i加es:studyfstudies flyfflies carry f carries cry fcries但在 y 前如果為元音則直接加s:buys says二、 一般過去時(shí)的用法1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 19

7、82 yesterday morning (afternoon,evening - ) last night (week, month, year)， a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等。Where did you go just now？2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a

8、warm welcome.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到時(shí)間了 ""該了 "It is time sb. did sth."時(shí)間已遲了 ""早該了你該睡覺了。你早該睡覺了。It is time for you to go to bed.It is time you went to bed.would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示 '寧愿某人做某事'I'd rather you came tomorrow.4） wish, wonde

9、r, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in Ke

10、ntucky for seven years.（ 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動(dòng)詞 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used toused to + do： "過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used n

11、ot to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk.（過去常常散步）be used to + doing：對(duì)已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.（ 現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步）典型例題Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.It's 69568442.A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D.

12、can't答案 A. 本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。二、構(gòu)成及變化1 . Be 動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am 和 is 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。 (was not=wasn t)are 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。 (were not=weren t)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和 is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not, 一般疑問句把 was或were調(diào)到句首。2 .行為動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式.I watched a film las

13、t Sunday .否定句 ： 主語 + didn t + 動(dòng)詞原形.I didn t watch a film last Sunday .一般疑問句：Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn t .特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 以 did 開頭的一般疑問句?What did you do last Sunday ?三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)意義當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。時(shí)間標(biāo)志now,句前的look ,listen2)構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 形式

14、肯定句：主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing (+ 其他 )I m doing my homework now .否定句：主語+be+not+ 動(dòng)詞 -ing + 其他.I m not doing my homework now.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動(dòng)詞-ing +Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I m not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他？What are you doing now ?3)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：(1)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing

15、,如 skate fskating make fmaking dance f dancing write f writing have f havingride f riding come f coming(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。We are

16、 waiting for you.b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d. 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)

17、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例題My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, don't findB. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.答案 D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用

18、于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。9 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean,

19、understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3) ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1)概念：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)

20、行的動(dòng)作2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, th

21、e sun was shining. 典型例題1) Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同 時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，”瑪麗 在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2) As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.read； was falling B. was reading ; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell答案

22、B.句中的as = when, while ,意為"當(dāng)之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去 進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell (fall的過去時(shí)),是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如： fall sick。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在 was/were后加一個(gè)not,疑問句將 was/were提前則可。如： He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.f He was not reading a book at 5:00 yes

23、terday.f Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.)fWhat was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：(just) then時(shí). 當(dāng)時(shí) at this/that time在這川B時(shí)yesterday afternoon 昨天下午at nine 在九點(diǎn)last night 昨晚(at) this time yesterday 在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候但在不少情況下，沒有表示

24、時(shí)間的狀語，這時(shí)需要通過上下文來表示。What were you doing at nine last night?昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么？ I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看電視。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他們?cè)谔咦闱颉? .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與those days, the wholemorning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時(shí)間狀語連用 °

25、(1) From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .從 1983 至U 1998 年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。(2) They were building a bridge |ast winter".去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。(3) He was writing a book those days.那幾天他正在寫一本書3 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always forever, continually , constantly等連用時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛等情緒。(1) My sister was always f

26、orgetting things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others.(表示贊揚(yáng))4 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要?jiǎng)由砣ハ愀哿?。She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.她問他午飯

27、是否準(zhǔn)備回來吃。5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別。(1)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示 回去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作而一般過去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)|完成的動(dòng)作|。也 就是說用一般過去時(shí)，只表示有過這件事；用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我寫了一封信。(信寫完了)I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在寫一封信。(信不一定寫完)The children watched TV yesterday evening.昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。(強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生了這件事)The children were watching T

28、V yesterday evening.昨晚孩子們都在看電視。(強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)(2)表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如be, like , love, hate, fear, own, hear, see,know , want, notice)可用于一般過去時(shí)，但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我討厭人們說話時(shí)口 里含著食物。(3) 一般過去時(shí)與 always , constantly, forever, continually等連用，表示“過去經(jīng)常性、 習(xí)慣性的

29、動(dòng)作“；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與 always, constantly , forever, continually等連用，表示 動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，常帶有感*彩。如：He always got up at six. 他過去總是六點(diǎn)起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。(4)有時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來替換一般過去時(shí)，但一般過去時(shí)表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考 慮的 ;而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種較隨便或沒有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。如：I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以為它會(huì)同意我們的。I was thinking of p

30、ersuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要說服他接受我們的建議6 . 使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)(1) 動(dòng)詞hope，wonder 等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動(dòng)?7 下面幾種情況不用一般過去時(shí)而要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1) . 表示過去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作時(shí)。如：Tom was getting up at six o clock every day that we

31、ek. 湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。(2) . 與 always 連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時(shí)。如：John was always coming to school late. 約翰上學(xué)總是遲到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷鋒總是為人民做好事。(3) 用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the

32、river bank. He wanted to cross the river. 那是一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)刮得 很厲害，雨下得很大，一個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上，他想過河去。(4) when 作并列連詞，表示“(這時(shí))突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)并列分句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when 引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時(shí)。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我們正在外邊玩，這時(shí)下起雨來了。(5) go, come, leave, start, arrive 等

33、動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武漢。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。8 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣(只限于want, hope, wonder 等動(dòng)詞)，用以提出請(qǐng)求。如：I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.when, while 的用法when和while與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有著密切的關(guān)系，他們作從屬連詞時(shí)都有“當(dāng).時(shí)候”之意，用法稍有不同： when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可

34、以是短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞如果是短暫性動(dòng)詞則用一般過去時(shí)，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間段之內(nèi)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)）；如果主句和從句兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則全部用過 去進(jìn)彳亍時(shí)，這時(shí) when 和 while者B可以用。 when 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while 和 as從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 when 和 while 兩個(gè)詞還可以用作并列連詞，但意思不同，when 相當(dāng)于“在那時(shí)”，wh

35、en +短/延 while + 延等于 atthattime 或just then;而 while 則相當(dāng)于"而；去但是“ ；相當(dāng)于 but,表示對(duì) 比關(guān)系。（這一點(diǎn)暫時(shí)可以不掌握）eg. （1） I was playing computer games when my father got home.=When my father got home,I_was playing computer games.（2） Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework.=When/While I was doing my home

36、work, mother was cooking.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)：（聰明的你一定能全部做對(duì)）1. Simon(make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m.2. Peter(do) his homework at seven last night.3. They(watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.4. He(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5. What book you(read) |when| I(see)you at fou

37、r yesterdayafternoon?6. While she(watch) TV , her son(play) outside the room.7. It(begin) to rain while we(work) in the field.8. I(do) my homework last night when the light(go) out. go out 意為熄 滅9. I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing?Oh, I(read) some books on science.10

38、. Girls(dance) while boys(sing) at the party.11. - Did you see Tim just now?-Yes. He(fish) by the river.12. When |the teacher(come) into the classroom, the students (laugh) loudly.五、一般將來時(shí)1)意義：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間標(biāo)志： tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this a

39、fternoon , thisevening 2)構(gòu)成及變化：一般將來時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)be going to+動(dòng)詞原形：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，沒有太多的計(jì)劃性，還用來表示意愿be going to +動(dòng)詞原形肯定句 主語+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語。否定句 主語+be(am / is / are)not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份I am

40、not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看電影。一般疑問句Be (am / is / are)+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份？Is your father going to play basketball with you ? 你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎？No , he isn' t.不。.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句？Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春節(jié)你打算在哪過 ？.注意：be going to結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟go , come等表位移的動(dòng)詞

41、，一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示。如：He' s going to New York next week.下周他要去紐約.will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形(在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時(shí)，常用 shall，在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will)1 .肯定句 主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份(shall) write to him next week.下周我將給他寫信。2 .否定句 主語+ will /shall+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份今天晚上他們不看電視。They won t watch TV this evening.3 .一般疑問句will/shall+ 主語

42、 +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎?4 .特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-) + 一般疑問句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來?3)附：Shall I /we常用來征求對(duì)方意見，而問對(duì)方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，常用Will you？他們的回答比較靈活。5 .Shall we go to the park ?肯定 Sure , let s go .否定 No , let s go to the cinema.2.Will you please come t

43、o my birthday party next week ？肯定 Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 I m sorry. I m afraid I can t.4) 時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , thisevening 1) shall 用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at s

44、even this evening？2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow？b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about t

45、o +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。5) be going to / will用于條件句時(shí)，be going to 表將來will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the

46、new clothes on you in front of the mirror6) be to 和 be going tobe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客觀安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. （ 主觀安排）7) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來1）下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已

47、確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。When Bill comes （ 不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.I'll write to you as soon as I

48、 arrive there.4） 在動(dòng)詞 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來意為："意圖"、 "打算"、 "安排"、 常用于人。常用詞為come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等。I'm leaving tomorrow.

49、Are you staying here till next week?六、過去將來時(shí)1 .概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。2 .時(shí)間狀語： the next day(morning, year),the following month(week ),etc.3 .基本結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were/going to + do ； would/should + do.4 .否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5 .一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6 .

50、例句： He said he would go to Beijing the(1)過去將來時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。 would?？s略為do(2)過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示過去的某一時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)常用在賓語從句中。如：I didn't know if she would come 。I wasn't sure whether he would do it 。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday 。過去將來時(shí)也可以用“was(were) going

51、to +動(dòng)詞原形”來表示。如：I didn't know if she was going to come 。Wang Lei said that she was going to visither uncle next Saterday。七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1:表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志，: already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2:表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志，: for, since, since ago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞 have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用h

52、as淇余人稱用have)1)肯定式：主語+ have / has +過去分詞2)否定式：主語+ have / has + not +過去分詞3)一般疑問句：Have / Has +主語+過去分詞Yes,主語 + have/has.(肯定)No,主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)4)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1.過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如： 1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。（過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成）2）He has already come 他已經(jīng)

53、來了。（過去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。）2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如： 1）I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。（六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從 1990 年就在沈陽住。（從1990 年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。）注意 1） 當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用for 或 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如： I ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)麗

54、麗已經(jīng)4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從 8 年前我就在這工作。注意2）當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如： I have already seen the film. I haven t seen the film yet.He has just come. He hasn t come yet?使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1 .“ have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。如： Have you go

55、t pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2 . have/has gone to 、 have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用如： He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去

56、過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3 . have/ has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 連用；have/ has gone to 貝U不可。例如：一 Has Tom ever been to Paris?湯姆去過巴黎嗎？Yes, he' s been there several times.是的， 他去過好幾次了。Where have they gone?他們?nèi)ツ睦锪?？They' ve gone to Shenyang.他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕? .非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+ 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。例如： arrive, come f be here, be in buy f have begin, start - be on ;die - be deadfinish, end f be over go out f be outjoin