遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期第二次階段考試試題(日語(yǔ)班)

1、遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市東北育才學(xué)校2016-2017學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期第二次階段考試試題 (日語(yǔ)班)第一題單詞38分將單詞與其釋義匹配(1*19=38分)l.slumber 2. lament 3. exceed 4. ponderous 5. elusive 6. entail7. encase8. maneuver 9. sewage 10. bland 11. nocturnal 12. superficial 13.episode14. intuitive 15.tentacle 16. soluble 17. brittle 18.sprawl 19.rinse()one of the sin

2、gle parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcaston the television or radio()not complete and involving only the most obvious things()based on feelings rather than facts or proof()to express sadness and feeling sorry about something()to be greater than a number or amount, or t

3、o go past an allowed limit()sleep()slow and awkward because of being very heavy or large()to make something necessary, or to involve something()difficult to describe, find, achieve or remember()to cover or surround something or someone completely:()able to be dissolved to form a solution:and()one of

4、 the long, thin parts like arms of some sea creatures, used for feelingholding things, catching food, or moving()the system of carrying away waste water and human waste from houses and other buildingsthrough large underground pipes or passages()not having a strong taste or character or not showing a

5、ny interest or energy()needing careful treatment, especially because easily damaged()happening in or active during the night, or relating to the night()to spread the arms and legs out carelessly and untidily while sitting or lying down()to use water to clean the soap or dirt from something()a planne

6、d and controlled movement or operation by the armed forces for training purposesand in war第二題 Reading *4(2*56=112分)請(qǐng)?jiān)谡_選項(xiàng)處打鉤SpartinaSpartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dom

7、inant native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts, where it grows in the intertidal zone (the area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).These natural salt marshes are among the most productive habitats in the marine environment. Nutrient-rich water is brought to

8、 the wetlands during each high tide, making a high rate of food production possible. As the seaweed and marsh grass leaves die, bacteria break down the plant material, and insects, small shrimplike organisms, fiddler crabs, and marsh snails eat the decaying plant tissue, digest it, and excrete waste

9、s high in nutrients. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass. Each tidal cycle carries plant material into the offshore water to be used by the subtidal organisms.Sparti

10、na is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground stems; colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and sil

11、t to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to

12、 sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage isSpartina s ability to use carbon dioxide moreefficiently than most other plants.These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the e

13、stuaries where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment, changing the substrate elevation, and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh syst

14、em where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration; it is also used

15、 for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the east coast in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind, the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington s

16、 tidal estuaries on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and drastically altering the landscape by trapping sediment. Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering the oyster

17、 harvest and theDungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts.Spartina has been transplanted to England and to New Zealand for land reclamation and shoreline stabilization. In New Zealand the plant has spread rapidly, changing mudflats with marshy fri

18、nges to extensive salt meadows and reducing the number and kinds of birds and animals that use the marsh.Efforts to control Spartina outside its natural environment have included burning, flooding, shading plants with black canvas or plastic, smothering the plants with dredged materials or clay, app

19、lying herbicide, and mowing repeatedly. Little success has been reported in New Zealand and England; Washington State s management program has tried many of these methods and is presently using the herbicide glyphosphate to control its spread. Work has begun to determine the feasibility of using ins

20、ects as biological controls, but effective biological controls are considered years away. Even with a massive effort, it is doubtful that complete eradication of Spartina from nonnative habitats is possible, for it has become an integral part of these shorelines and estuaries during the last 100 to

21、200 years.Paragraph 1: Spartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dominant native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts, where it grows in the intertidal zone (the

22、 area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).1 .According to paragraph 1, each of the following is true of Spartina alrerniflora EXCEPT:OIt rarely flowers in salt marshes.OIt grows well in intertidal zones.O It is commonly referred to as cordgrass.O It occurs naturally along the

23、Gulf Coast and the Atlantic coast of the United States.Paragraph 2: These natural salt marshes are among the most productive habitats in the marine environment. Nutrient-rich water is brought to the wetlands during each high tide, making a high rate of food production possible. As the seaweed and ma

24、rsh grass leaves die, bacteria break down the plant material, and insects, small shrimplike organisms, fiddler crabs, and marsh snails eat the decaying plant tissue, digest it, and excrete wastes high in nutrients. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and re

25、dwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass. Each tidal cycle carries plant material into the offshore water to be used by the subtidal organisms.2 .According to paragraph 2, a major reason why natural salt marshes are so productive is that they areO inhabit

26、ed by long-lived seaweed and marsh grasses that reproduce graduallyO kept clear of excess plant material by the tides Oregularly supplied with high levels of nutrientsOhome to a wide variety of different species of grasses3 .Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the

27、highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on live cordgrass.O The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for bir

28、ds and animals.O Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and a place to live.O Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.Paragraph 3: Spartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground stems; colon

29、ies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwate

30、r (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the

31、grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage isSpartina s ability to use carbondioxide more efficiently than most other plants.4 .What is the organizational structure of paragraph 3?O It makes a general claim about Spartina and then provides specific evidence to defend that claim

32、 against objections to the claim.O It presents a general characterization of Spartina and then describes particular features on which this characterization is based.O It reports a widely held view about Spartina and then considers evidence both for and against that view.O It presents a general hypot

33、hesis about Spartina and then lists specificevidence that disputes that hypothesis.5 .The word exceedingly in the passage is closest in meaning toOunusuallyO dangerouslyOsurprisinglyOhighly6 .According to paragraph 3, one reason that Spartina is able to compete in marsh environments so successfully

34、is its ability toOalter the substrate in which it growsOconvert sulfides into a usable form of sulfurO grow and produce seeds while floating on the surface of the waterO produce carbon dioxide with great efficiencyParagraph 4: These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries

35、 where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment, changing the substrate elevation, and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system where

36、 Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration; it is also used for coa

37、stal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.7 .Paragraph 4 suggests that where Spartina occurs naturally, an established stand of itwill eventuallyOcreate conditions in which it can no longer surviveOget washed away by water flowing throughthe deep channels that formaround itO be

38、come adapted to brackish waterO take over other grass species growing in the area8 .According to paragraph 4, in its natural habitats, Spartina helps estuaries byOcontrolling marshland declineOdecreasing the substrate elevationOreducing the brackishness of the waterO increasing the flow of water int

39、o the estuaryParagraph 5: Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the east coast in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind, the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington s tidal estuaries on the west coast, crowding o

40、ut the native plants and drastically altering the landscape by trapping sediment. Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and i

41、t interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts.Spartina has been transplanted to England and to New Zealand for land reclamationandshoreline stabilization. In New Zealand the plant has spread rapidly, changing mudflats with marshy fringes to extensive salt meadows and reducing the

42、 number and kinds of birdsandanimals that use the marsh.9 .According to paragraph 5, Spartinanegatively affects wildlife in estuaries byO trapping fish and waterfowl in sedimentO preventing oysters from transplanting successfully O turning mudflats into high marshes and salt meadows O expanding the

43、marshy fringes of salt meadows10.The word modifies in the passage is closest in meaning toOcreatesOchangesOgrows onObreaks downParagraph 6: Efforts_to_control Spartina outside its natural environment have included burning, flooding, shading plants with black canvas or plastic, smothering the plants

44、with dredged materials or clay, applying herbicide, and mowing repeatedly. Little success has been reported in New Zealand and England; Washing ton State s management program has tried many of these methods and is presently using the herbicide glyphosphate to control its spread. Work has begun to de

45、termine the feasibility of using insects as biological controls, but effective biological controls are considered years away. Even with a massive effort, it is doubtful that complete eradication of Spartina from nonnative habitats is possible, for it has become an integral part of these shorelines a

46、nd estuaries during the last 100 to 200 years.According to paragraph 6, each of the following methods has been used in attempts to control Spartina EXCEPTOflooding plantsOcutting plants down repeatedlyapplying herbicidesOintroducing predatory insects12 .The word Effortsin the passage is closest in m

47、eaning toOLawsOSuggestionsOAttemptsOFailuresSpartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground stems;colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take rootor when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishe

48、sitself onsubstrates rangingfrom sand and siltto gravel andcobbleandis tolerant ofsalinitiesranging from thatof near freshwater(0.05 percent)to that ofsalt water(3.5 percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. Spartina has the ability to ta

49、ke up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfurthat the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.13 .Look at the four squares t

50、hat indicate where the following sentence could be addedto the passage.Spartina is particularly able to tolerate high salinities because salt glands on the surface of the leaves remove the salt from the plant sap.Where would the sentence best fit?14 .Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief s

51、ummary of the passage is providedbelow. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thi

52、s question is worth 2 points.Spartina alrerniflora, or cordgrass, is the dominant native species in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States.AnswersO Spartina is very well adapted to conditions in salt marshes, where it plays a valuable role in stabilizing them a

53、nd making them highly productive marine habitats.O Spartina expands by growing root systems that fl oat on the water surface and descend underground, where it finds the nutrients that it needs to germinate.O As a result of its spread in Washington State over the past hundred years,Spartina has now b

54、ecome a threat to native oysters by releasing sediments that contain sulfides into the waters.O The dead leaves of Spartina become food for a wide variety of marine organisms.O Outside its native regions, Spartina can pose serious problems by turning mudflats into high marshes that are inhospitable

55、to many native fish and birds.O Spartina has physiological adaptations that allow it to grow in environments where other plants cannot, making it a very strong competitor that is difficult to control once it is established.The Birth of PhotographyPerceptions of the visible world were greatly altered

56、 by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all inten

57、tly aware of photography as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of

58、white paper, were already familiar the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the daguerreotype, was announced in 1839.A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbots calotype was the firs