英語書面表達的解題步驟及解題技巧

1、書面表達的解題步驟及解題技巧應該能把要點說全，而且能說好。寫作時要注意有條理地陳述要點，將兩種觀點陳述清楚的同時不忘表明自己的態(tài)度，而且對自己的態(tài)度作重點闡述。具體可以按如下步驟：第一步，編寫提綱，列出重點詞匯。第二步，將詞匯擴展成句子。第三步，用合適的關(guān)連詞、過渡語使句子順利成章。最后通讀全文，作修改和補充。確定時態(tài)。因漢語中無此語言現(xiàn)象，不少考生常犯此類錯誤?？忌獜娀@方面的意識，因為每一個句子都涉及時態(tài)，高考評分要求中時態(tài)錯誤原則上從應得分中扣除5分。因此，考生務必根據(jù)文意，確定全文正確時態(tài)。為避免題目中的要點遺漏，杜絕文不對題的語句，可先將這些要點逐條譯成英語。所列要點可以是主要的動

2、詞、動詞詞組、短語及句型。要使用自己熟悉的詞匯或句型來表達。選用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，把所列的詞、詞組、短語等擴展成句。并運用表示遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、選擇的連詞或具有連接意義的副詞或過渡句等將所列的語句連成完整的語篇。全文應過渡自然，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，前后連貫。這是書面表達中最關(guān)鍵的一步。應從以下四個角度進行認真的審核與修改：1. 詞法角度。主要檢查所用詞語是否正確，搭配是否妥當；拼寫是否有誤；名詞的單復數(shù)是否到位；代詞的格和性是否恰當；詞性是否混淆等；2. 句法角度。主要檢查句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整；動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)是否正確；人稱是否符合要求；主謂是否一致；非謂語動詞是否恰當；句子的表達是否符合英語表達習慣等；3.

3、語篇角度。主要檢查文章體裁、格式是否正確；詞數(shù)是否符合要求；要點是否遺漏或誤解；情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理；過渡詞句是否自然；語篇是否連貫；行文是否符合邏輯等。4. 書寫角度。主要檢查字母大小寫是否恰當勻稱；標點符號是否運用正確；是否符合英語規(guī)范；書寫是否工整；斜體是否一致；卷面是否整潔等?！白煮w美觀，格式正確，卷面整潔”是贏得閱卷老師“情感分”的首要因素。影響書面表達得分的幾個因素高考書面表達評分標準：第五檔（很好）（21-25分）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點；應用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用復雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級詞匯所致；具備較強的語言運用能力；有效地使用了語

4、句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；完全達到了預期的寫作目的。第四檔（好）（16-20分）：完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。雖漏掉1、2個次重點，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容；應用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務的要求；語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應用基本準確，些許錯誤主要是因嘗試復雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致；應用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；達到了預期的寫作目的。第三檔（適當）（11-15分）：基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容；有語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解；應用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫；整體而言，基本達到了預期的寫作目的。寫作一定要分段高考英文作文30例活用句型用于文章

5、承轉(zhuǎn)句 1. 那就是(說)；亦即That is to say, = That is, = Namely, 例：我們生活需有規(guī)律。也就是說，早睡早起戒除煙酒。We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities. 2. (A) 基于這個理由 For this reason (B) 為了這個目的 For this purpose, 例：基于這個理由，我已決定把行醫(yī)作為未來的職業(yè)。For this rea

6、son, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.3. 我們有理由相信We have reasons to believe (that)子句例：我們有理由相信體罰應該嚴格禁止。We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.4. 事實上As a matter of fact, = In fact, 例：事實上健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health th

7、at counts.5. (A) 例如 For example, (B) 拿做例子Take for example.例：例如我們盲目地提高生活水準，卻降低生活品質(zhì)。For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.6. 此外我們不應忽視Besides (In addition), we should not neglect 例：此外，我們不應忽視每個人都想要一個溫馨祥和的社會。In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wa

8、nts a friendly and peaceful society.7. 相反地on the contrary, = by contrast, 例：相反地少數(shù)學生似乎還在鬼混。On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.8. 另一方面on the other hand, 例：政府應嚴格執(zhí)法，另一方面大眾也應該培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習慣。The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should

9、 develop the good habit of reducing pollution.9. 然而很可惜的是However, it is a pity that子句例：然而很可惜的是他總是臨時抱佛腳。However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.10. 換言之in other words, = to put it differently例：換言之我會盡最大的努力達成我的目標。In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to

10、) my goal.11. 別人可能認為這是事實，但我不是。我認為It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that子句例：別人可能認為這是事實，但我不是。我認為It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.12. 從此之后我已發(fā)現(xiàn)Ever

11、 since then, I have found that子句例：從此之后我已發(fā)現(xiàn)Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.13. 這樣說來，假如當然毫無疑問地In this light, if, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句例：這樣說來，假如我們能善用時間，當然毫無疑問地我們會成功。In this light, if we can make good use of time, there

12、 can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.14. 更嚴重的是What is more serious is (that)子句例：更嚴重的是我們不珍惜野生動物。What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.15. 鑒于社會的實際需要In view of the practical need of society, .例：鑒于社會的實際需要，愈來愈多人對學英語有興趣。In view of the practical need of society, there ar

13、e more and more people interested in learning English.用于文章結(jié)論句16. 如果能實踐這三點If one can really put the three points into action (practice), 例：如果能實踐這三點。If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.17. 做這些簡單之事，我們一定可以By doing these si

14、mple things, we surely can .例：做這些簡單之事，我們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.18. 如此我相信In this way, I believe (that)子句例：如此，我相信大家能夠像我一樣享受乘坐公車的樂趣。In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride

15、 like me.19. 實踐這些By putting them (the above) into practice, .例：實踐這些，在智育方面我一直能不斷進步。By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.20. (A) 唯有符合此三項要求，我們才能Only by living up to the three requirements, can we .(B) 唯有通力合作，我們才能Only with combine

16、d efforts, can we .例：唯有通力合作，我們才能期望臺灣不久有新的面貌。Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.21. 最后，但并非最不重要Last but no least, .例：最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助長青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.22. 這證據(jù)顯示的重

17、要性在怎么強調(diào)都不為過。This evidence shows that the importance of .cannot be overemphasized.例：這證據(jù)顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強調(diào)都不為過。This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.23. 由于這些理由，我For these reasons, I .例：由于這些理由，我認為在臺灣接受大學教育是明智的。For these reasons, I think that receiving college e

18、ducation in Taiwan is wise.24. 總而言之In conclusion, = To sum up, 例：總而言之好國民應該遵守交通規(guī)則。In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.25. 因此我們能下個結(jié)論，那就是We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句例：因此我們能下個結(jié)論，那就是世上自由最珍貴。We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so pr

19、ecious as freedom in the world.26. 如果我們能做到如上所述，毫無疑問地If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)子句例：如果我們能做到如上所述，毫無疑問地，我們就能精通英語。If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English.27. 因此，這就是的原因Thus, this is the reason why .例：因此，這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is t

20、he reason why I caught a bad cold.28. 所以，我們應該了解Therefore, we should realize (that)子句例：所以，我們應該了解學英文不能沒有字典。Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.29. 因此，由上列的討論我們可以明了We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that)子句例：因此，由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任

21、何困難。We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.30. 1. 從觀點來看 From the point of view, 2. 根據(jù)的看法 According to point of view, .例：從政治的觀點來看，F(xiàn)rom the political point常見的過渡詞語有：并列類and； also； not only but also； neithernor；as well as轉(zhuǎn)折類but； however； neve

22、rtheless 遞進類even； besides； whats more； to make things even worse時序類first； next； then； shortly after； finally； meanwhile強調(diào)類especially； indeed； at least； 例證類for example； such as； like； in ones opinion； that is (to say)對比類on the contrary； on the other hand； while； (al)though因果類thanks to； because； as a

23、result； so； due to； so that總結(jié)類in a word； in short； as you know； generally speaking學生習作：TV And WebsiteTV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. They are d

24、ifferent in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some information on websites changes all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everyb

25、ody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better.分析：這段文字用簡單句表達，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。如果使用過渡詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個比較復雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹。修改后的文章： TV and WebsiteBoth TV and website are popular media. They have s

26、omething in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you f

27、eel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional re

28、porter.In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. 修改后的文章用過渡詞來銜接上下段第一段第一句為：Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common.第二段第一句為：However, they are different in many ways.第三段第一句為：In a word, every medium has its own features這篇短文每一段的第一句都是主題

29、句，在每個主題句前使用bothand, however, in a word使全文有序地銜接起來。修改后的文章中還恰當?shù)氖褂昧似渌囊恍┻^渡詞，也使文章增色不少。以下我們在一起看一看2005年高考江西卷書面表達試題及參考例文，注意其中過渡詞的使用。原題：人們對于學生網(wǎng)上交友持不同意見。請你用英語寫一篇關(guān)于學生網(wǎng)上交友的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點，并表達自己的看法。贊成的理由反對的理由你的看法1廣交朋友2可自由表達思想3利于外語學習1浪費時間2影響學習3可能上當受騙？注意：1文章必須包括表中的全部內(nèi)容。2詞數(shù)為100左右。3參考詞匯： 網(wǎng)絡朋友on-line friend(s)，上當受騙to be

30、 cheated范文：:Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes. The internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, and even get help with their foreign language studies.Others, however, think students should not. They say maki

31、ng friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other pe

32、ople around us.下面我們來具體看一篇英語書面表達學生習作如何修改：原題：假設(shè)你叫李華，今年暑假你的朋友Jane及其家人要到北戴河度假。她想租一套合適的住房。你碰巧在網(wǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)幾則租房廣告，認為其中一個較為合適，于是你將廣告中的相關(guān)信息用e-mail發(fā)給Jane，供她參考。內(nèi)容：房子位于城區(qū)，距機場高速公路僅一公里；備有安全系數(shù)高的停車場；附近有醫(yī)院和現(xiàn)代化購物中心；要了解更詳細的情況，請查閱網(wǎng)址。100詞左右。學生習作：Dear Jane,Im very glad to hear you will come to Beidahe to spend your summer holid

33、ay with your family. Ive just read several ads for house rent from the Internet, they might interest you, I think.One of the flat lies in the city seems to be suitable. It is only one km from the flat to the freeway leading to the airport, meanwhile, there is a safely-guarded parking area. And you c

34、an find a hospital and a modern shopping center nearby. The good designed flat looks fine and there is enough room for your family. If you need father information, you may look up the webside “www.”.評析：就文章內(nèi)容而言，這是一篇相當不錯的學生習作。要點齊全、行文連貫、條理清晰；當然，習作也有不少不足之處。以下我們一起按步驟來檢查一下這篇習作。1）字數(shù)：本文每行大約18個單詞，6行左右，總計100詞

35、左右。字數(shù)符合題目要求。2）段落：本文分為兩段，基本合理。也可把最后一句話“If you need father information, you may look up the webside “www.”.”另起一段。3) 本文是一篇e-mail，屬于書信，應有固定格式。但該篇習作作者忽視了這一點，文章缺少了結(jié)束語和署名。須在正文后另起一行，空34個字符加上結(jié)束語，如“Best wishes!”；在右下角署名“Yours, Li Hua”。4）就該篇文章的遣詞造句而言，interest you, safely-guarded等詞語的運用增強了文章的表達力度，總體還是相當不錯的。5）檢查拼寫

36、、標點和語法錯誤。A. “wiil come”應該成“are coming”，因為come，go，leave等瞬間動詞ichangyong進行時標將來。B. “，they”此處可將逗號改為句號，“they”首字母大寫；或真該為which引導的非限制性定于從句。C. 根據(jù)語意，此處“l(fā)ies”應改為“l(fā)ying”，分詞短語做后置定語。D. “meanwhile”是副詞而非連詞，不能連接兩個句子。此處，可在“meanwhile”前加“and”；或者逗號改稱句號，變成兩個句子。E. “And you can find a hospital and a modern shopping center n

37、earby.”此句改為there be句型：“And there is a hospital and a modern shopping center as well nearby.”使前后舉行一致，行文更連貫。F. 用詞不當，此處“farther”應該為“further”。6) 再次檢查卷面是否整潔。下面是修改后的文章：Dear Jane,Im very glad to hear you are coming to Beidahe to spend your summer holiday with your family. Ive just read several ads for hous

38、e rent from the Internet, which might interest you, I think.One of the flat lying in the city seems to be suitable. It is only one km from the flat to the freeway leading to the airport, and meanwhile, there is a safely-guarded parking area. And there is a hospital and a modern shopping center as we

39、ll nearby. The good designed flat looks fine and there is enough room for your family. If you need further information, you may look up the webside “www.”.Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua運用以上講解的書面表達寫作技巧，我們再來看下面這樣一篇書面表達:原題：聯(lián)合國教科文組織某考察團正在我國某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察.假定你是接待人員,請根據(jù)下列提示以發(fā)言稿的形式簡要介紹這個村的情況：大小:近100戶人家,約500口人。變化:過去很窮,

40、78年后變化很大.人們生活比以前好多了。現(xiàn)已舊貌換新顏。教育:原來的學校很小,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)過改建.新建的教學樓有4層,是村里最美的建筑物.村所有學齡兒童在此免費就讀。注意：(1)要點齊全,前后連貫。(2)詞數(shù):100-120之間。分析: 根據(jù)試題中所提供要點,將所需要的語言材料準備好?？梢灾涣谐鲋饕脑~、詞組、短語及句型。 100 families and 500 people used to be very poor/ change a lot/ richer than before/ take on a new look was very small/ have been rebuilt new

41、ly-built/have 4 storeys/ most beautiful building school-age children/ enjoy free education 擴展成句,連句成篇；注意體裁、格式。本文為一篇發(fā)言稿，其格式與口頭通知大體相同。因此，短文應有稱呼，開場及結(jié)束語。既然介紹的是小村，所使用的人稱應為it。應注意時態(tài)，語態(tài)的正確運用，并適當使用一些連接成分將所列的語句連成完整的語篇。全文應結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，前后連貫。Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our village! This village is very small. It has

42、nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building. has 4 storeys and it is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it.