2018年高考英語全國1卷試卷及答案(清晰word版)

1、2018 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語注意事項：1答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂 黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在 答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分 30 分） 做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的 答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié) （共 5 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 7.5 分）聽下面 5 段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C 三個選項

2、中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有 10 秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。 每段對話僅讀一遍。例： How much is the shirt?A.f9.15.B. 釦 8.C. 9U5.答案是 C。1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.2. What can we say about the woman?A. Shes generous.B. Shes curious.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.4. How

3、does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.絕密啟用前C. Write a report.C. Shes helpful.C. At 10:30.C. By bike.C. Doctor and patient.第二節(jié) （共 15 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 22.5 分）聽下面 5 段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A 、B、C三個

4、選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題 5 秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第 6 段材料，回答第 6、 7 題。6. What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology.B. Education.聽第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 題。8. What is

5、the man?A. A hotel manager.B. A tour guide.C. A taxi driver.9. What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for some local foods.B. Showing her around the seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel.聽第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 題。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartment.B. To deliv

6、er some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?C.Chemi聽第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 題。10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. At home.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a concert.B. Visit a friend.12. Who is Alic

7、e going to call?A. Mike. B. Joan.C. At arestaurC. Work extra hours.C. Catherine.聽第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 題。17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Movie fans.B. News reporters.18. When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 1

8、5 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He s proud.B. Hes sympathetic.20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. How education shaped his life.B. How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business well.第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分） 第一節(jié) （共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分）閱讀下列短文

9、，從每題所給的A、B、C 和 D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the tr

10、ees andthe famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and thecherry blossoms -disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourA. Its color.B. Its design.15. What does the man say about the kitchen?A. It sa good size.B. It s newly painted.16. What will the woman pro

11、bably do next?A. Go downtown.B. Talk with her friend.C. Its quality.C. Its adequately equipped.C. Make payment.C. College students.C. He s grateful.Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on

12、 the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history ateach stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to expe

13、rienceWashington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interestingstories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route ( 路線 ) makecycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital S

14、ites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your gui

15、de offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, andbottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City

16、Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

17、A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.Good Morning Britain sSusanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cook ing upa storm in her latest role -show ing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food , sh

18、e visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers toptips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 氏 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britainpresenter says she s been able to put a lot of what she s learnt into practice in her own home, pre

19、paring meals forsons, Sam, 14,Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“ Welove Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaura nt, ” she explains.I pay一份 o）,a：）poMatt （makes them for26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but so

20、metimes we re notaware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series（ 系列節(jié)目 ）, Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footsteps of ITV sSave Money: GoodHealth , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our bigges

21、t weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in needof some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familyof s long weekendcelebration with less expensive but still tasty reci

22、pes.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susa

23、nna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.C. He assists her in cooking matters.B.She has started a new programme.D. She has had a tight budget for her family.B.He prepares food for her kids.D. He invites guest families for her.A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.C. Add some background information.27

24、. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartC. Making Yourself a Perfect ChefB.Provide some advice for the readers.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.B. Balancing Our Daily DietD. Cooking Well for LessChas been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was s

25、till populated by hun ter-gatherers, small, tightly kn it(聯(lián)系)groups developed their own patter ns of speech independent of each other. Some Ianguage experts believe that10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten milli on people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 Ian guages betwee nthem.Soon after

26、wards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their Ianguages too becamemore settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, in dustrialisatio n, the developme nt of the n ati on-state andthe spread of uni versal compulsory educati on, especially globalisati on an

27、d better com muni cati ons in the past fewdecades, all have caused many Ianguages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are in creas in gly tak ing over.At prese nt, the world has about 6,800 Ian guages. The distributi on of these Ian guages is hugely uneven. Theg

28、eneral rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ianguages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones havelots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Ian guages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alo

29、ne acco unts for well over 800. The mediannumber (中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world s Ian guages are spoke n by fewer peopletha n that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ianguages are close to extinction (消亡),withonly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at rand

30、om, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapa neco in Mexico(150), Lipa n Apache in the Un ited States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questi on-mark): none ofthese seems to have much cha nee of survival.28. What can we infer about Ian guages in hun ter-gatherer times?

31、30. How many Ian guages are spoke n by less tha n 6,000 people at prese nt?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.31. What is the mai n idea of the text?A. New Ian guages will be created.B. People s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer lang

32、uages.D. Geography determines language evolution.A. They developed very fast.C. They had similar patter ns.29. Which of the follow ing best expla insA. Complex.C. Powerful.B. They were large in nu mber.D.They were closely conn ected.dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?B.Advaneed.D. Modern.DWe may th

33、ink we re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, buta new study shows that we keep using our old devices （ 裝置 ） well after they go out of st yle. That s bad news for theenvironmenti our wallets -as these outdated devices consume much more energy

34、 than the newer ones that do the samethings.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Instituteof Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life -from when its mineralsare mined to when we sto

35、p using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved sincethe early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVsdefined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD T

36、Vs enteredhomes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn tht row out our old ones. “ The living- room television isreplaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one resea

37、rcher. The average number of electronic devices rose fromfour per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We re not just keeping these old devices -we continue to use them. Accordingto the analysis of Babbitt steam, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with theirene

38、rgy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（ 排放 ）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007window.So whats the solution （解決方案 ）? The team dsata only went up to 2007, but the researchers also exploredwhat would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve

39、 more than one function, such asa tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets insteadof TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They

40、are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Bab bitt s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update con sumers on new tech no logy.D. To find out electricity consumption of

41、the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV . B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV . D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electr onic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二節(jié) （共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 1

42、0 分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為 多余選項。Color is fun dame ntal in home desig n-someth ing you ll always have in every room. Agrasp of how to man age color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creati ng rooms you love to live in. Do you wanta room that s full of life?Professi on al? Or a

43、re you just look ing for a place to relax after a long day?36, color isthe key to making a room feel theway you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37, they can get a little complex. But good news is thatthe

44、re re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small on es, the medium ones, and the large on es.38. They re thettle spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets thatmost of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting you

45、r walls and less expensive than buyinga colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant ben efit of being easily cha ngeable.Medium color choices are gen erally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39. Theyrequire a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and

46、 they havea more powerful effect on the feeli ng of a space.The large color decisi ons in your rooms concern the walls, ceili ngs, and floors. Whether you riooking atwallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are sig ni fica nt.40.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever

47、 yo u re looking forC. If you re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar withE. It not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up

48、from the small ones in two major ways第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45 分）第一節(jié) （共 20 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 30 分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C 和 D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “ free course,called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the

49、 idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn 42 t warfewodollars? More than that,Id always wan ted to lear n chess. An d,eve n if I were n 43 eno ugh about free credits, n ews about our 44 wasappeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an intern ati onal gran dmaster, which 45 I would be learning fr

50、om one of the game46.Isould hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this48was no game for him; he meant bus in ess. In his in troduct ion, he made it49that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we ha

51、d to write a paper on how wepla n to 51 what we would lear n in class to our future professi ons and,52 , to our lives. I man aged to get an A inthat 53 and lear ned lifeless ons that have served me well bey ond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Iutt ing to nsstwhat he55 me:The abso

52、lute most importa nt56 that you lear n whe n you play chess is how to makegood 57. On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what youropponent （對手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options. Thesewords still ring true today in my60as a journ alist.41. A. put forwardB. j

53、umped atC. tried outD.tur ned down42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD.pay43. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. in structor45. A. urgedB. dema ndedC. heldD. meant46. A. fastestB. easiestC. bestD. rarest47. A. in terviewB. meetC. challe ngeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualif

54、icati onC.honorD. job49. A. realB. perfectC. clearD. possible50. A. atte ndB. passC. skipD. observe51. A. addB. exposeC. applyD. compare52. A. even tuallyB. n aturallyC. directlyD. no rmally53. A. gameB. prese ntati onC. courseD. experiment54. A. criteri onB. classroomC. departme ntD. situati on55.

55、A. taughtB. wroteC. questi onedD. promised56. A. factB. stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisi onsC. impressi onsD. comme nts58. A. an alyzeB. describeC. rebuildD. con trol59. A. announceB. sig nalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB. desireC. concernD. behavior第二節(jié) （共 10 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 15 分）閱讀下面短文，

56、在空白處填入 1 個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accord ing to a review of evide nee in a medical journ al, runners live three years 61 (long) tha n non- runn ers.You don t have to run fast or for lon2 (see) the ben efit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce yourrisk of 63 (die) early by running.While run

57、ning regularly can make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at len gthe ning life65 walki ng, cycli ng or swimmi ng. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 mi nu tesa day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and

58、early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it psobably running. To avoid knee pain, youcan run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (stre ngth) your leg muscles (肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap, easy andit s always

59、69(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same ben efits as othersports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35 分）第一節(jié) 短文改錯（共 10 小題；每小題 1 分，滿分 10 分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。共有 10 處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修 改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（人），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修