高一英語(yǔ)教案：必修一專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

1、高中英語(yǔ)講義高考英語(yǔ)六選四專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)、本節(jié)內(nèi)容一）六選四體裁一是描述性結(jié)構(gòu)敘文）；，主要介紹事物、 問題或傾向的特點(diǎn)， 因此時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)常是出題重點(diǎn) （記二是釋意性結(jié)果，解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用比喻、類比闡述（說(shuō)明文） ；三是原因性結(jié)構(gòu)明文）；，主要分析事物的成因，有客觀的、主觀的，也有直接的、間接的（說(shuō)四是比較性結(jié)構(gòu)，把兩個(gè)人或事物的功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比（議論文） ；五是駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu) ，主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)， 然后對(duì)其評(píng)論或駁斥， 再分析其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)、 危 害性，最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)（議論文） 。二）選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1. 主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）2. 過(guò)渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）3. 注釋性句子（上

2、下文邏輯意義）（三）解題步驟1. 閱讀全文，了解大意；2. 細(xì)讀各個(gè)空的前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞；在閱讀文章的開始部分、 明確文章的基本話題以后， 要閱讀四個(gè)空的前后句， 并將前后 句中的解題線索， 即關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記下來(lái)。 關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組 （如帶有形容 詞的名詞詞組），專有名詞、時(shí)間數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等。2. 閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，尤其是選項(xiàng)的首句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞；3. 比較并匹配上述兩類關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案；4. 區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)；該題型選項(xiàng)大致可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過(guò)渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子 （上下文邏輯意義）三類。另外兩個(gè)多余的干擾項(xiàng)也可以通過(guò)這三個(gè)特點(diǎn)來(lái)排除，例 如主旨概括句要么

3、過(guò)于寬泛要么以偏概全或偏離主題，過(guò)渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié) 構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。5. 將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來(lái)是否通順。記憶口訣： 文章標(biāo)題猜大意段首段尾主題句空前空后邏輯性同義舉例與對(duì)比代詞冠詞大小寫標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)關(guān)鍵詞相似句式或排比多個(gè)條款要對(duì)應(yīng)（四）銜接手段6 選 4 考查的是語(yǔ)篇的連貫性和一致性， 因此就要使用到各種達(dá)到連貫?zāi)康牡母鞣N銜接 手段，即： 詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接 。一）結(jié)構(gòu)銜接根據(jù)空格的位置判斷1. 若空格句出現(xiàn)在段首，則通常是段落主題句或承接上段的銜接句這句往往是對(duì)下面整個(gè)段落內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)， 反映整個(gè)段落的主旨和大意認(rèn)真閱。 讀 后文內(nèi)容， 鎖定線索

4、信號(hào)詞， 然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。 關(guān)注每段首尾句， 了解大意知 主題。2. 若空格句在段尾，則多屬總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)句或引出下一段內(nèi)容的過(guò)渡句。A：在選項(xiàng)中看能否找到對(duì)前文整段的總結(jié)句。如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞 如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。 段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。 注意在選 項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、 結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞， 如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。B：與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真

5、閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后 一句緊密連接起來(lái)。分析與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或是對(duì)比關(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、 對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞， 同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、 對(duì)比關(guān)系。 如 果第一段的段尾是空白， 要認(rèn)真閱讀， 看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。 通常文章第一段要提出文章 的主題。3. 若空格句在段中，則需根據(jù)空格前后的句子內(nèi)容及邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定答案。(二) 邏輯銜接根據(jù)前后文邏輯關(guān)系判斷1：因果關(guān)系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such) ) 因果關(guān)系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系， 這種關(guān)系往往說(shuō)明了前因后果 或

6、者前果后因等情況。2: 轉(zhuǎn) 折 關(guān) 系 (Eg: However / nevertheless/ nonetheless/ though/ yet/ in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison / otherwise / not.but)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。 如果空格前后兩句話之間是 邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。3：并列關(guān)系 (Eg: first / second/ third / to begin with /to conclude) 并列關(guān)系主

7、要指前后的句子間是平等的關(guān)系，可以互換位置。4：遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 (Eg: also/ furthermore / similarly / moreover/ in addition / what' s mor)e 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。 如果空格前后兩句話之間 是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。5: 例證關(guān)系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is)前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。 例證的形式多樣， 但就其本質(zhì)而言無(wú)非是 思維上的形象(例子、類比等)和抽象(觀點(diǎn))的辯證關(guān)系，

8、用到的思維過(guò)程無(wú)非就是基本 的歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和推理(從觀點(diǎn)到例子) 。三) 詞匯銜接從詞匯關(guān)系上判斷1. 代詞英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高， 代詞的作用無(wú)非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞 概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題 。例如 it 可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子； they 或 them 指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞； one 指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞； that 指代 不可數(shù)名詞或句子； this 指代單數(shù)名詞或句子 ;these 或 those 指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。2. 同義詞 / 反義詞英語(yǔ)前言后語(yǔ)之間往往有同義詞、 近義詞、 近義表達(dá)語(yǔ)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用， 這 是我

9、們解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。 其實(shí)就其本質(zhì)而言， 上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下 義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義 /近義詞。3. 同一范疇詞（上下義詞）上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者， 或可以說(shuō)后者是前者的一個(gè)子集。 利用前 后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常常可以很輕松地解題。 你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近 的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。課堂精講 】A. At any rate, the report didn't offer any spending measures to protect the reef or new ta

10、rgets to reduce pollution.B. However, it paints a worrying picture of the scale of protecting the 1400-mile-long reef, and may severely understate the cost of doing so.C. The study said the scale of the investment required matches that of the challenge.D. The practice may speed erosion （ 侵蝕 ） and ca

11、n lead to more sediment flowing into the Pacific Ocean.E. That announcement precedes a government report on the health of reef and the government's management of threats to it.F. The study, released in July, said the cost for meeting targets along the length of the reef would be $6.1 billion, to

12、 be spent over ten years.Climate change and the flow of farm chemicals and coastal sediment （ 沉物 ） into the waters that wash over one of Australia's most significant nature areas, the Great Barrier Reef （大堡礁 ）,are the biggest threats to its survival, according to a government report to UNESCO（ 聯(lián)

13、合國(guó)教科 文組織 ） released on December 2.The report was intended to reassure UNESCO that those risks were well managed and thatthe reef should not be placed on an "in danger" list. (67)The report also ignores plans by the Queensland State government to allow the development of one of the world

14、9;s biggest coal mines about 200 miles from the reef, and it denies the possibility that pollutants from the mine could damage the reef. Besides, it doesn't mention that the Queensland Parliament rejected laws to prevent land clearing. (68)Meanwhile, scientists reported that the reef had suffere

15、d the worst coral bleaching ( 珊瑚白化 ) and die-off ever recorded, with stretches of its northern reaches dead after the coral was bathed in warm summer waters. That's why the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì) ) has called for a long-term management plan to ensure the reef maintains the Worl

16、d Heritage status it received in 1981.The Queensland government commissioned ( 委托 ) a study to estimate the costs of achieving water quality targets that would significantly improve the reef's health. (69) That figure was sharply higher than the roughly $1.5 billionthe state and federal governme

17、nts said would be spent over the next decade on all measures to protect the reef.The federal and Queensland governments said the study's overall cost estimate included "some very expensive high-risk actions," like nearly $4.2 billion for measures against erosion in one valley to preven

18、t the flow of sediment into the ocean. Removal of that big-ticket item brought the study's report closer into line financially with the government report to UNESCO. (70) It is likely to draw sharp criticism from environmentalists.Keys 】BDFA解題分析 】1、首先通讀全文，了解大意。這篇文章第一段主要講的是一份政府報(bào)告指出澳大利亞大堡礁生存的最大的威脅。

19、第二段指出報(bào)告的目的。第三段指出報(bào)告的忽視、否認(rèn)和未提到的內(nèi)容。第四段講科學(xué)家報(bào)到了大堡礁遭受的嚴(yán)重性，所以世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)要求管理計(jì)劃。第五段關(guān)于政府想知道通過(guò)提高水質(zhì)改善大堡礁健康的花費(fèi)。最后一段講采取措施的花費(fèi)太高。2、閱讀空格處前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞。 （標(biāo)記處）3、閱讀選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞。 （劃線處）4、開始做題。67題位于段尾，所以還需要看下一段的第一句。這里第3段的“ also”就是關(guān)鍵詞，說(shuō)明上一句也是跟此句一樣講的是 report 的消極內(nèi)容，而空格前一句講的是 report 的積極內(nèi)容， 所以在此形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系， A 、B 都是這方面的內(nèi)容，但邏輯銜接詞只有B 是轉(zhuǎn)折， at any

20、 rate“不管怎么說(shuō)”表進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。68 題位于段尾，所以還需要看下一段的第一句?？崭袂懊嬷v的的 report 的消極行為， 下一段 meanwhile 提示這里表并列， 后面講的是大堡礁遭受的問題， 多以空格處應(yīng)該也是填 問題，故選 D 。69題位于段中，根據(jù)后面的 figure 提示此處要填有數(shù)字的選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有 2 個(gè)有數(shù)字， 后面可以看出要填價(jià)錢且比 1.5 billion 大的數(shù)字，故選 F。70 題位于段中，根據(jù)前面講花費(fèi)大，但后面說(shuō)會(huì)引起環(huán)保人士的批評(píng)，說(shuō)明沒有解決 措施，故選 A 。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(1)A. One of the authors concluded that we

21、should accept boredom “to enhance our creativity ”.B. Their ideas were rated more creative than those of 40 people who didn 't do the boring task first.C. Being bored might lead to negative attitude towards life and harm people both physically and mentally.D. They were also more likely to rate t

22、heir health worse and to be less active.E. They think it can remind them to be active and do something meaningful.F. The authors concluded that people would rather do something unpleasant than nothing.Boredom traditionally has a bad reputation. In 2009, a study of 7,524 civil servants found that tho

23、se with the highest levels of boredom were nearly 40% more likely to have died by the end of the 25-year trial, compared with those who weren 't bored. (1).The authors speculated( 推測(cè) ) that boredom and inactivity 1night drive people to drink more heavily and smoke -activities not related to long

24、 life.只要堅(jiān)持 夢(mèng)想總會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)5高中英語(yǔ)講義Boredom is often defined as a state of dissatisfaction with the dullness of a situation -usually with a bit of restlessness and extreme tiredness. So it may seem strange that researchers are suggesting boredom might have benefits and indeed be an evolutionary insurance scheme

25、 ( 保 障系統(tǒng) ) for making us seek new experiences. A series of studies from the University of Virginia, published in the journal Science in 2014 found that 18 out of 42 students who were left in a room with nothing to do for 15 minutes gave themselves at least one mild shock on the ankle to relieve the

26、boredom. (2). So whatever happened to daydreaming? A study from theUniversity of Central Lancashire links a period of boredom with heightened creativity immediately afterwards. It is not the most forceful study: 40 people copied numbers from a telephone book for 15 minutes and then had to come up wi

27、th different uses for a pair of cups. (3). Another group, who read the numbers, were even more creative with the cupsthan those who wrote them out. (4).(2)A. If you approach fathering as one more task, one more job, you almost guarantee that it will not be an enjoyable one.B. But the closer the rela

28、tionship you have with your child, the more likely your child will continue to identify with you.C. You will, therefore, have the ideal opportunity to provide challenging and stimulating interactions.D. Your child also presents you with an opportunity to grow.E. A father who gives so generously comm

29、unicates his love and respect for his child.F. In either case, your child will be less motivated to interact with you in the future.The more time you spend with your children, the better you will understand their emerging abilities. Those fathers who spend little time with their children frequently

30、either underestimate or overestimate the developmental progress of their sons and daughters. If you underestimate your child 's ability, you won 't provide adequate challenge or stimulation. Your child will be bored. If you overestimate your child 's skills, your unrealistic expectations

31、 will prove to be a frustrating and unpleasant experience for him and you. (1).The more time you spend with your children, the more realistically you will be able to assess their capacities and the more aware you will be of their particular talents and sensibilities.(2) .Your time is precious to bot

32、h you and your child. Your willingness to give your time to him sends a message: You are important. (3). And if you, the person your child respectsmost in the world, believe he is worthy of your undivided attention, your child will feel respected.Your child is exposed to many influences. And the old

33、er he becomes, the n1ore he is likely to 只要堅(jiān)持 夢(mèng)想總會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)7高中英語(yǔ)講義adopt his peer group 's frame of reference. (4). You will, therefore, be in anadvantageous position to pass down your positive values and increase the likelihood that they will be accepted.Don 't waste time blaming yourself for what

34、you have or have not done with your children to this point. It is understandable that, to the extent you have not built a closer relationship with your child, you will perhaps feel helpless now. The good news is that it is not too late.(3)A. Complexity helps, too.B. However, the complicated password

35、s may help improve users ' memory.C. But there is hope for users whose brainpower is already stretched thin.D. And it is also important to change passwords often.E. In spite of all this, users must still remember a master password that grants them access to their sensitive data.F. Even for users

36、 with only a handful of passwords, following that advice is a tall order indeed!As the number of passwords Internet users create increases, people find themselves struggling to follow the advice of security experts. Consider the common password-related advice: Create unique passwords for each site,

37、make each password at least eight characters long, and don't forget to change those passwords every few months. (1).Thankfully, there issome good advice for creating, memorizing and managing passwords that can help users protect their passwords and their data from hackers.When it comes to passwo

38、rds, the longer, the better, as longer ones are harder for hackers and their computers to crack. (2). Including a variety of keyboard characters, numbersand upper- and lower-case letters makes passwords much harder to crack. Typing an eight-character password composed only of lower-case letters and

39、numbers into shows the password could be cracked by a supercomputer in less than a second. But that same computer would need a thousand years to crack a 14-character password composed of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers and special keyboard characters.Unfortunate

40、ly, the features that make passwords strong also make them hard to memorize.(3) . One can make passwords more memorable by using passphrases instead.Passphrases feature strings of words that hold meaning for the user but appear as nonsense to everyone else. For example, sportscarflowermountain will

41、have people scratching their heads while reminding the user of her Hawaiian vacation. To make that passphrase more secure, she could insert random characters between the words. A stronger passphrase would be SportsCar#5FloWer89mouNTain2, a 29-character password that would theoretically keep asuperco

42、mputer occupied for billions of years!In addition, several dedicated password management programs are available to remember users'passwords for them. Many, such as LastPass, are free to download and offer password management services such as creating passwords, storing passwords and pointing out

43、 weak passwords. Some, such an Dashlane even log in for users and alert them whenever a site they frequently visit has been hacked. (4).1. DFBA2. FCEB3. FACE強(qiáng)化練習(xí)(4)A. The researchers then had a group of 178 outside observers rate the photos for attractiveness.B. The study isn 't the first one to

44、 focus on the negative sides of the selfie craze.C. It also puts them in control of their own image.D. They were also photographed by the researchers.E. This isn 't news, but those feelings are greatly strengthened when people take selfies.F. They refused to define themselves as narcissistic.If

45、you like filling up your WeChat Moments with selfies (自拍 ), you might want to changethe habit now. A new study suggests that you are probably not as beautiful as you think you are, and posting your face all over the Internet isn 't giving the world the best impression.The study was conducted by

46、researchers from the University of Toronto. The scientists gathered 198 college students. One hundred of these students were selfie-lovers, while the other 98 were non-selfie-takers. These students were asked to take a selfie fit for social media. (1). As a result, each participant had a selfie and

47、a standard picture.With these pictures in hand, the students rated how attractive they thought other people would find them. (2). The result: Both selfie-lovers and non-selfie-takers thoughtthey would be seen as more attractive in their photos than they were seen by the outside group. Besides, the r

48、esearchers found selfie-lovers were far more likely to be regarded as narcissistic ( 自 戀的 ). The researcher suggests that not only do people think they are hotter than they actually are, but taking selfies also greatly decreases people's opinions of you.只要堅(jiān)持 夢(mèng)想總會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)13Then, why do so many people l

49、ike taking selfies? It comes down to a well-known psychological phenomenon called “self-favouring bias ( 偏心 )”, which states that “people tend to think they are better than others. ” (3).When taking selfies, people have almost all possible control because they can adjust the angle of the shot, the f

50、ilter ( 濾鏡 ), when they post them to social media and every other aspect. The study suggests that this causes people to have a more narcissistic personality.(4). Last year, researchers from Ohio State University said that maleselfie-lovers tend to show signs of mental disorder.Maybe it 's time t

51、o cool the craze down. After all, your WeChat friends probably know what your face looks like. There is no need to remind them dozens of times a day.(5)A. Apart from influencing athletic ability, being overweight affects young people 's mental health.B. There are currently a few initiatives in p

52、lace that could help combat this problem.C. While it sounds like a good idea, the course should only be a part of a largermovement to maintain ahealthy body through changes in diet and lifestyle.D. Aside from that, working out with like-minded people can provide moral support.E. With this in mind, w

53、e can see that such classes should only be the first step of many when it comes to solving the obesity problems in China.F. Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.Obesity is a problem often associated with North America. However, China is

54、proving that East Asians are having issues battling the problem as well. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 40 million obese people in China. To address weight problems of its students, Nanjing Agricultural University is offering weight reduction classes in which the student who loses the

55、most weight gets the highest mark. (1).Given the many complications that come with it, it 's not hard to realize that obesity is a problem that needs to be acted upon. It was not long ago that a plus size student in Nanjing University fainted during a 1,000-meter race and died tragically. He was

56、 168 centimeters and 92 kilograms, which was not exactly an ideal shape for competitive racing. (2). In fact,depression and social anxiety often go hand in hand with obesity along with heart and breathing problems.In terms of motivation, signing up for a course like the one offered in Nanjing Agricu

57、ltural University is very likely to inspire individuals. It 's like signing a contract for a goal that promises rewards and recognition. (3). Meanwhile, students get college credits for completing只要堅(jiān)持 夢(mèng)想總會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)the course by submitting a paper related to weight loss at the end of the semester.Howeve

58、r, there's also a dark side to offering a course that resembles the plot of a reality television show. While entertaining and possibly inspiring for students, this course could lead to an extreme lifestyle change. As a result, there is no guarantee that students will still keep their new found g

59、ood habits with respect to eating and exercising after the course is completed.(4) . The goal should be to find out the reasons why people become overweightand change people's habits in general instead of focusing on the effects.4. DAEB5. CADESales StrategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective