現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語

1、Unit 2 Book 3Unit 2 Book ThreeSection A Iron and the Effects of Exercise Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning this unit, Ss are supposed to be able to understand the importance of iron and the effects of exercise. find out ways to have iron deficiencies and ways to remedy iron deficiencies. grasp the k

2、ey language points and grammatical structures in the texts in Section A and B . learn to write a paragraph of cause and effect. improve their reading skill- distinguishing between facts and opinions. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities.Time Allotment1st and 2nd pe

3、riod- Pre-reading Activites3rd and 4th period-While-reading Activites5th and 6th period -Post-reading Activites and Section B7th and 8th period-Listening and Speaking Teaching ContentsI. Important Points A. Key words and phrases: Section A: moderate, consume, respectively, restrict, sufficient, indi

4、cate, advisable, modify, derive, interfere, remedy, take in, tip over the edge, throw up, sum up, Section B: succession, imply, proposal, inference, corresponding, speculate, neglect, revise, tackle, alike, comment, beneficial, in contrast, apply to, engage oneself in, focus on, point to B. Key Sent

5、ence Patterns 1)  Beard and other experts say its advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves. 2) If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem. II. Dif

6、ficult Points1. Iron deficiency is very common among women, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語, 使用該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：1分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語一致。2分詞有時(shí)也可有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。3現(xiàn)在分詞在意思上與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 而過去分詞與邏輯主語那么為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2. The iron content of t

7、omato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的形式有：1名詞或主格代詞+動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式；2名詞或主格代詞+形容詞；3名詞或主格代詞+介詞短語；4名詞或主格代詞+副詞；5名詞或主格代詞+名詞；6用with引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)；7用without, like, on引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作狀語、定語或主語。 Teaching ProceduresI. Pre-reading Activities A.

8、 Warm-up activitiesa) Work in pairs to discuss the following questions to learn about the students understanding of iron deficiency 1) Do you like sports?2) What do you usually eat or drink after doing exercise?3) Do you feel tired after doing exercise?4) Do you think sports are always good to peopl

9、es health no matter how much they do it or when they do it? 5) What do you think is the best way to help women gain iron in their blood?6) Do you think men also have the same problem of iron deficiency?b) Work in groups to discuss the following questions. 1) Why do women often not have enough iron i

10、n their bodies?2) If iron levels are low, what problems can women experience?3) What can you eat to get iron and what disadvantages can these supplements sometimes have?From our discussions, different conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) Sports are always beneficial to peoples health. People of d

11、ifferent ages usually do some exercise to build up their bodies. Some choose to run slowly on the playground, some climb mountains, some play all kinds of ball games, and some old people only walk slowly. No matter what they do, they feel merry-hearted and strong afterwards. 2) However, if people, s

12、pecially the old, take too much exercise at some certain time, for instance, too early in the morning or too late at night, they feel exhausted and unable to sleep well. They even dont have a very good appetite for anything the next day. Some young people even have to go to see a doctor after too mu

13、ch exercise beyond their expectation and stay away from school for some time following the doctors advice. 文檔收集自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅用于個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)3) Its necessary to help people get to know that moderate exercise is what they really need and that its important to supplement iron and other materials people need after doing

14、exercise. Thus lead into the text by saying: Although sports are necessary and important for peoples health, what people need is moderate exercise. Besides, it is important for people to remedy iron deficiency by eating something rich in iron or some iron supplements. B. Background information1) dig

15、estive system: The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. 2) Medicin

16、e & Science in Sports & Exercise It is a multidisciplinary journal featuring original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical the

17、rapists, team physicians and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields. 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 C. Key Words and Their Collocations1. a succession of: a series of or a number of persons or things following one after the

18、other; the act of following one after the other_ He took a succession of jobs from which he gained a lot of experience. _ Our school has won the speech contest for the 3rd year in succession.cf. succeed v. succeed in doing sth._ Through many years of hard work, he finally succeeded in becoming a wri

19、ter as he had expected. cf. success n. _ attain success; achieve success2. bounce back: return to the normal and healthy state of feeling or activity _ We lost two or three games in the World Cup, but we bounced back. _ He is young enough to bounce back from this disappointment.3. ratio： n. a figure

20、 showing the number of times one quantity contains another _ The ratio of 10 to 5 is 2 to 1. _ The adult to child ratio is 1 to 6.4. up to: as far as; to and including _ Up to 10 men can sleep in this tent. _ Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the president.cf. down to _ Everyon

21、e works, from the President down to the boy who sweeps the floor.5. take in: allow air, drink or food to enter ones body, usu. By breathing or swallowing _ The wounded solider was so weak that he could hardly take in even liquid. _ She listened so attentively to her teacher, taking in every word he

22、said and asking questions from time to time. 6. at risk: in danger _ The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk. _ Up to 2,000 jobs are still at risk.7. liable：1） likely, esp. from habit or tendency_ He is liable to shout when angry._ He is not the man who is liable to harm hi

23、mself.2) often suffering (from) _ She will not grow into a woman particularly liable to depression. _ The boy is liable to bad colds.8. tip (sb.) over the edge: bring about a noticeable change; (cause to) develop into another status _ Because of not being able to cope with everyday life they were ti

24、pped over the edge into breakdown.9. throw up: vomit; be sick _ The child has thrown up her dinner again. _ Jane cant come; she has been throwing up all morning.10. derive from: obtain from; come from _ He is one of those people who can derive pleasure from helping others._ These are defensive behav

25、ior patterns which derive from our subconscious fears.11. interfere with: prevent from working or happening; cause damage to _ You mustnt allow your family duties to interfere with your work._ This noise interfered with my work.cf: interfere in: meddle in; concern oneself with and usu. Take unwanted

26、 action about someone elses business to interfere in sth. is to take part in it without being wanted, but to interfere with sth. is to prevent it from happening.前者指別人未請(qǐng)而自己主動(dòng)參與，后者指阻礙事情發(fā)生。 _ Dont interfere in matters that dont concern you. _ I never interfere in his affairs.12. sum up: give the main i

27、dea of sth. written or spoken; make a total oa an amount _ You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech._ Your marks sum up to 87._To sum up, the environmental protection should call for more of our concern.II. While-reading Activities1.Text StudyA. Fast reading and try to grasp the main id

28、ea of textThe main idea of each part:                                            

29、0;                     Central topic: Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.      _          

30、;                                      Sports medicine experts have observed that endurance athletes, particularly females, f

31、requently have iron deficiencies.                     Para. 1    A new study shows that inactive women who started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss. 

32、0;                       Para. 2    The new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.         &#

33、160;             Para. 3     Paras. 1-3      Iron deficiency is very common among women: One in four female teenagers; one in five women aged 18 to 45; the ratio is even greater among active

34、 women: about 80 percent of female endurance athletes    Four causes: Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in; womens monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss; many women increase their risk of iron loss by rejecting red meat; women are liable to experience a defi

35、ciency as a result of restricting their diet in weight control.   Para  4                             _       One s

36、pecific cause: The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron and any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency.              &

37、#160;              Para. 5Another specific cause: Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.                 Para. 6  

38、0; Paras. 4-6    Iron deficiency in blood: Three stages of iron deficiency: the first stage no symptoms; the second stage with not enough iron; and in the third stage, people often feel weak, tired. And if youre stage 3, your iron reserves going to zero, youre in trouble. &#

39、160;  Paras. 7-8     Check iron deficiency: Take a better method to check the amount of iron storage in the blood and its advisable for both women and men to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.          

40、60;                  Para. 9  Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency:      _                  

41、60;                             In general, its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet.        

42、0;    Para. 10   Select breads and cereals with the “iron-added labels; cook in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process; avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals.             &

43、#160;   Para. 11    If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.                Para. 12    

44、60;Paras. 10-12B. Structure AnalysisThe whole passage falls into 4 parts:Part I (Paras. 1-3) Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. Part II (Paras. 4-6) This part is about the causes for both iron deficiency among women in general and more serious deficienc

45、y among active women. Part III (Paras. 7 - 9) The author makes clear both the effects of iron deficiency on peoples health and the importance of checking iron reserves to active people.Part IV (Paras.10-12) The author gives his advice on how to remedy iron deficiency.C. Difficult Sentences:1). 1. Ir

46、on deficiency is very common among women, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語, 使用該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：1分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語一致。2分詞有時(shí)也可有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。3現(xiàn)在分詞在意思上與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 而過去分詞與邏輯主語那么為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2. The iron content of tomato sauce cooked

47、in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的形式有：1名詞或主格代詞+動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式；2名詞或主格代詞+形容詞；3名詞或主格代詞+介詞短語；4名詞或主格代詞+副詞；5名詞或主格代詞+名詞；6用with引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)；7用without, like, on引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作狀語、定語或主語。 _ The teacher having left, the students resumed their discussion.

48、_ She looked at him expectantly, her eyes full of excitement and curiosity. _ The teacher entered the classroom, chalk in one hand, (a) textbook in the other. _ Class over, all the students went out from the classroom. _ His first shot failure, he fired again. _ She felt nervous, with many eyes fixe

49、d on her. _ Without a word more spoken, they went away. _ I told him everything, and he stood and listened like a figure cut in stone. _ On our arrival being announced, they came out to receive us, accompanied by their two sons.2) that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron d

50、eficiencies. (Para. 1)Meaning: that athletes such as long distance runners, especially women athletes, often show a lack of iron.3) We found that women who were normally in active and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss, (Para. 2)Meaning: We found that women who

51、were not in the habit of doing physical exercise but then suddenly began a program of exercise of middle degree showed sighs of iron less, 4) Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounced back, (Para. 3)Meaning: Women who ate more meat than they usually did or took

52、 iron-added pills were able to return to their normal, healthy state, 5) Women of child-bearing age (Para. 4)Meaning: child-bearing age: The normal span of womens production is between 18 and 50, with some exceptions. Women who are in that period are supposed to be able to give birth.6) since their

53、monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. (Para. 4)Meaning : monthly bleeding: womens physical phenomenon that occurs once a month, during which they bleed. The special term for that phenomenon is “menstruation.7) rejecting red meat: This is a mistaken idea of some health-conscious women. For

54、 healths sake, people need to take in red meat, which contains iron. However, these women wrongly believe that any meat, including red meat, can increase their weight, which makes them fat and dumb. Red meat refers to the meat of sheep (muttons) or fully-grown cows (beef).cf. white meat: 1) the very

55、 pale-colored meat from those parts of a cooked bird which are nicest to eat, such as the breasts of a chicken 2) certain types of pale-colored meat (veal and pork)8) Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digesti

56、ve system. (Para. 6)Meaning: Some iron is lost when one sweats, and for the reasons unknown to us, intense endurance exercise may sometimes result in bleeding of the digestive system.9) Youre not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, youre in trouble.Meaning:

57、 If you are in stage 3, that means you have no iron left in your body at all, and if you dont do anything to improve your iron stores until then, you are in trouble.10) Instead, its important to check levels of a different compound (Para. 9)Meaning: compound: n. sth. consisting of a combination of 2

58、 or more parts, substances, etc., esp. chemical substance consisting of at least 2 different simple substances (or elements) combined in such a way that it usually has qualities different from those of the substance from which it is made _ Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules.有機(jī)復(fù)合物分子中

59、含有碳。 _ Its a compound of water, sugar and vitamins.它是由水、糖和維他命支撐的復(fù)合物。11) you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem. (Para. 12)Meaning: you can correct the iron deficiency before it really becomes a problem.D. Key Sentence Patterns1) It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 對(duì)某人而言做某事很e.

60、g. Its advisable to disconnect the computer before you open it up.拆開電腦之前最好先切斷電源。It is obvious that the burglar has entered the room.很明顯竊賊曾進(jìn)入室內(nèi)。2) While , sb. else does/is not, especially if 雖然, 但是, 尤其是如果e.g. While some students consider CET-6 very hard, some others dont thin so, especially if they h

61、ave worked hard at English.雖然有些同學(xué)認(rèn)為六級(jí)考試很難，但是其他人卻不這么認(rèn)為，尤其是他們?cè)炭嗟貙W(xué)習(xí)英語。While women would like to look at themselves in the mirror, men are not careless about their appearances, especially if they have to face an interview.雖然女性很愛照鏡子，男性對(duì)自己的外表也并不是很馬虎，尤其是他們要去面試。2. Writing skill- Writing a paragraph of caus

62、e and effectWhen you explain the reasons why something happens by writing, you are having a cause and effect writing.SampleThe computer is good for our life. Because of its ability to store vast amounts of information and the incredible speed at which it can work, it can speed up calculation, save us from arduous calculation, keep company accounts, analyze statistics, finish designation of projects and monitor production in factories. With the development of