(北京專版)2020中考英語復習方案第三篇提分題型專練閱讀理解03紙質(zhì)書與電子書成長型思維神奇的大腦試題

1、6出 閱讀理解（三）紙質(zhì)書與電子書+成長型思維+ 神奇的大腦A 2019 門頭溝二模Is It Better to Read Books or Listen to Them?We often think how fast we learn something depends on how smart we are. If your brain is taking in material quickly, you' re clever; if not, well, that doesn' tsay great things about your IQ. But science s

2、hows context （上下文）and technique（技術(shù)）actually play a big role in how fast we learn, and even small changeslikethe way you use to readcan make a big difference.Audio（音頻的）books have plenty of advantages: you can enjoy them anywhere, even in the car,and not printing books saves trees. Poor readers also o

3、ften find them more interesting. But according to the latest research, if yourgoal isn 't to passthe time in traffic,but instead to learn somethingdifficult, you should choose aphysicalbook .In a recent opinion piece in theNew YorkTimes, psychology （心理學 ）professor Daniel T.Willingham mentioned a

4、 2010 study where 48 students either read or listened to an article aboutchild psychology. Although the students spent the same amount of time with their material and did about the same number of distracting（分散注意力 ）activities while they absorbed the information,they scored very differently on a 10-i

5、tem quiz later. Generally, the readersscored 81 percent butwhile the listeners scored 59 percent. Why does listening vs reading material have such a great effect on learning?Willingham explains that first, most of us read more slowly than we listen （especially whenpausing and rereading）, and when yo

6、u' re trying to absorb new information, slower seems to be better.“About 10 to 15 percent ofeye movements duringreadingare actually regressivemeaningthe eyesare going back and rechecking, " he explains to TIME“This happens very quickly ”Second, books offer visual cues（ 可視線索 ）that help our b

7、rains organize and understand new information. Things like chapter breaks, subheadings, and lists help us in making sense of the material and understanding how it fits together. You lose all that when you go the audio way.The bottom line is simple: Don ' t feel shame about passing your time in t

8、raffic with an audiobook. However, be aware of audio ' s limitations when it comes to studying, and seriously consider choosing good old-fashioned reading instead.1 .According to the writer, you should choose to read a book to.（）A.take in the informationB.pass the time in trafficC.learn somethin

9、g difficultD.organize new information2 .A " physical book " in Paragraph 2 probably means " ”.()A.an audio bookB.a book about physicsC.a book about computerD.a book made of paper or cloth3 .What can we learn from the passage?()A.To read a book is better than to listen to it.B.Readers

10、are cleverer than listeners.C.Reading books is a good way to pass the time.D.How fast we learn depends on how smart we are.B 2019 石景山期末Think back to when you were in a classroom, and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted?ABOh no, t

11、his is too hard for me. I'm not even Ah, this is a little difficult but I like to have going to seriously try and work it out.a try. MaybeI ' ll learn something whentrying.The psychologist( 心、理學家 )Carol Dweck of Stanford University, did a test by giving someten-year-old children problems tha

12、t were a little hard for them. Group 1, who chose B, reacted positively, said they loved challenges and understood that their abilities could be developed.Professor Dweck says they had a “growth mindset( 思維模式)”.And they cared more about what they can achieve in the future. However, group 2, who chos

13、e A, felt that their intelligence was beingjudged and they had failed. They had a “fixed mindset" and were unable to imagine improving. Some of these children said they might cheat in the future and look for someone who were worse than them, just to make themselves feel good.Professor Dweck bel

14、ieves that there is a problem in education. For years, teachers have praised children for their intelligence and talent. But this makes them get hurt easily from failure. They become performance-oriented(i.e. interested in getting high grades, not learning). The rightway,according to Dweck, is to pr

15、aise the process that children are involved in: making an effort,usinglearningstrategies( 策略)and improving. This way they will become mastery-oriented(erested in getting better at something) and will achieve more.Psychologists have been testing these theories. Students were taught that if the

16、y left theircomfort zone and learned something new and difficult, they' d be more intelligent. These studentsmade faster progress than a control group. In another study, children from an underperforming(不佳的)school had trainings on their growth mindset techniques for a year. The results were stag

17、gering They came top in tests, beating children from much better schools. These children had previouslyfelt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity, but they came to see it as the key to learning.So, back to our original question, if you answered B, well doneyou already have a growth mindset.I

18、f A, don' t worry; everyone is able to become mastery -oriented with a little effort and self-awareness.4 . What can we learn from Carol ' s test in Paragraph 2?()A.Group 2 cheated in the test.B.Group 1 had good imagination.C.Group 2 felt confident after the test.D.Group 1 liked challenging

19、problems.5 . What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?()A.Ways of training children.B.How to deal with challenges.C.Problems in today ' s classroom.D.The right and wrong ways of praise.6 . The underlined word “ staggering " in Paragraph 4 probably means " ”.()A.unbelievable B.unchangeab

20、leC.disappointing D.frightening7 . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Do you have the right mindset?B.Can you make the right choice?C.Are you using proper strategies?D.Are you really pushing yourself?C 2019 房山區(qū)一模The Amazing BrainSleep. It ' s something we spend abou

21、t a third of our lives doing, but do any of us really understand what it ' s all about?We all know based on our own experience that when we sleep, it clears our minds, and that whenwe don' t sleep, it leaves our minds murky（昏沉沉的）.But we still haven ' t understood why sleephas this amazin

22、g function for the mind.Recently biologists have found that sleep may actually be a kind of designsolution to some of the brain ' s most basic needs, the way that brain meets the high demands and the narrow margins（ 范圍）that set it apart from all the otherorgans（ 器官）of the body. The brain has a l

23、arge pool of clean, clear fluid（流體）called cerebrospinal fluid. Biologists call it the CSF. The CSF fills the space that surroundsthebrain, and wastes from inside the brain make their way out to the CSF, which gets the waste intothe blood. What was surprising to them was that the fluid on the outside

24、 of the brain didn' t stayon the outside. Instead, the CSF goes into and through the brain along the outsides of the bloodvessels（ 血管）,it was actually helping to clear away and clean the waste from the spaces betweenthe brain ' s cells（ 細胞 ）.This only happens in the sleeping brain.Recent res

25、earch suggests tha t what ' s happening is that when the brain is awake and is at itsmost busy, it puts off clearing away the waste from the spaces between its cells until later. Whenwe go to sleep, it gets into a kind of cleaning mode to clear away the waste from the spaces between its cells.We

26、 go to sleep every single night, but our brains never rest. While our body is still and ourmind is off walking in dreams somewhere. Like our housework, it' s a dirty and thankless job, butit ' s also important. In your house, if you stopcleaning your kitchen for a month, your home willbecome

27、 completely unlivable very quickly. But in the brain, the situation is much more seriousbecause when it comes to cleaning the brain, it is the very health and function of the mind andthe body tha t' s at stake . That is why understanding these very basic housekeeping functions ofthe brain today

28、may prevent and treat diseases of the mind tomorrow.8 .What does the underlined phrase “ at stake " in the last paragraph mean? （）A.in a healthy situation8.1 n a dangerous situationC.in an amazing situationD.in an unlivable situation9 .What can we learn from the passage?()A.Sleeping makes our b

29、rain feel murky.B.The CSF can clean the waste in our brain.C.Our brain can clean the waste at any time.D.Sleeping makes our brain have a good rest.10 .What is the main purpose of writing this passage?()A.To teach us how to have a good sleep.B.To show the new research of our brain.C.To introduce how CSF works in our brain.D.To tell us the importance of sleeping.【參考答案】A 主旨大意 本文是一篇說明文。你可以在任何地方享受音頻閱讀, 但在學習時要注意音頻的局限性, 并認真考慮選擇好的古老式的閱讀方法。1 .C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“But according